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U.S. Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Marketing: Emerging Trade Practices, Trends, and Issues 美国新鲜水果和蔬菜营销:新兴贸易实践、趋势和问题
Agricultural Economics Reports Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.33915
L. Calvin, R. Cook, M. Denbaly, C. Dimitri, L. Glaser, C. Handy, M. Jekanowski, P. Kaufman, B. Krissoff, G. Thompson, S. Thornsbury
{"title":"U.S. Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Marketing: Emerging Trade Practices, Trends, and Issues","authors":"L. Calvin, R. Cook, M. Denbaly, C. Dimitri, L. Glaser, C. Handy, M. Jekanowski, P. Kaufman, B. Krissoff, G. Thompson, S. Thornsbury","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.33915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.33915","url":null,"abstract":"In the past year, trade practices between fresh produce shippers and food retailers gained national attention. Shippers are concerned that recent retail consolidation has led to market power and the growing incidence of fees and services. Retailers argue that these new trade practices reflect their costs of doing business and the demands of consumers. Trade practices include fees such as volume discounts and slotting fees, as well as services like automatic inventory replenishment, special packaging, and requirements for third-party food safety certification. Trade practices also refer to the overall structure of a transaction-for example, long-term relationships or contracts versus daily sales with no continuing commitment. This study compares trade practices in 1999 with those prevalent in 1994, placing them in the broader context of the evolving shipper/retailer relationship. Most shippers and retailers reported that the incidence and magnitude of fees and services associated with transactions has increased over the last 5 years. Fees paid to retailers are usually around 1-2 percent of sales for most of the commodities we examined, but 1-8 percent for bagged salads. Information on the incidence and magnitude of these new practices is scarce. To augment information that is publicly available, we interviewed a limited number of shippers, retailers, and wholesalers about their firms and trade practices. We received a high level of voluntary cooperation from the interviewed firms.","PeriodicalId":267426,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Economics Reports","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125821213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 92
Economic Effects of Added Growing Season Rainfall on North Dakota Agriculture 增加生长期降雨对北达科他州农业的经济影响
Agricultural Economics Reports Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.23350
L. Schaffner, Jerome E. Johnson, Harvey G. Vreugdenhil, J. Enz
{"title":"Economic Effects of Added Growing Season Rainfall on North Dakota Agriculture","authors":"L. Schaffner, Jerome E. Johnson, Harvey G. Vreugdenhil, J. Enz","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.23350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.23350","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":267426,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Economics Reports","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125175660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Managing Risk in Farming: Concepts, Research, and Analysis 农业风险管理:概念、研究与分析
Agricultural Economics Reports Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.34081
J. Harwood, R. Heifner, Keith H. Coble, J. Perry, A. Somwaru
{"title":"Managing Risk in Farming: Concepts, Research, and Analysis","authors":"J. Harwood, R. Heifner, Keith H. Coble, J. Perry, A. Somwaru","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.34081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.34081","url":null,"abstract":"The risks confronted by grain and cotton farmers are of particular interest, given the changing role of the Government after passage of the 1996 Farm Act. With the shift toward less government intervention in the post-1996 Farm Act environment, a more sophisticated understanding of risk and risk management is important to help producers make better decisions in risky situations and to assist policymakers in assessing the effectiveness of different types of risk protection tools. In response, this report provides a rigorous, yet accessible, description of risk and risk management tools and strategies at the farm level. It also provides never-before-published data on farmers' assessments of the risks they face, their use of alternative risk management strategies, and the changes they would make if faced with financial difficulty. It also compares price risk across crops and time periods, and provides detailed information on yield variability.","PeriodicalId":267426,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Economics Reports","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131319114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 576
INDUSTRIAL HEMP AS AN ALTERNATIVE CROP IN NORTH DAKOTA 工业大麻在北达科他州作为一种替代作物
Agricultural Economics Reports Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.23264
David G. Kraenzel, T. Petry, Bill Nelson, Marshall J. Anderson, Dustin Mathern, R. Todd
{"title":"INDUSTRIAL HEMP AS AN ALTERNATIVE CROP IN NORTH DAKOTA","authors":"David G. Kraenzel, T. Petry, Bill Nelson, Marshall J. Anderson, Dustin Mathern, R. Todd","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.23264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.23264","url":null,"abstract":"This report is in response to a national and state interest in the potential benefits of industrial hemp as an alternative crop. Industrial hemp has many uses which can be categorized into nine submarkets. North Dakota may have a comparative advantage in producing industrial hemp seed for oil because of the multi-oil processing facility in Carrington (AgGrow Oils) and the established infrastructure. Industrial hemp is currently legally produced in 22 countries with Canada being the closest and is recognized as a legal and legitimate crop in both the NAFTA and GATT agreements. The main obstacles for legalization of industrial hemp appear to be 1) law enforcement officials are concerned about the regulation, 2) no domestic facilities currently exist to process hemp stalks, although Canada will have such facilities shortly, 3) there is a lack of current production and processing technology, and 4) lack of research on the production potential and quality aspects of the crop. Since very little is known about the potential yield and quality of industrial hemp fiber and seed that would be produced in North Dakota, it is recommended that controlled experimental production and processing be allowed. Necessary baseline production, processing, and marketing data could be collected and analyzed, and law enforcement concerns could also be addressed.","PeriodicalId":267426,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Economics Reports","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127060686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 26
Economic analysis of herbicide control of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) in rangeland 草地大戟(Euphorbia esula L.)除草剂防治经济分析
Agricultural Economics Reports Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.23314
D. A. Bangsund, J. Leitch, F. Leistritz
{"title":"Economic analysis of herbicide control of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) in rangeland","authors":"D. A. Bangsund, J. Leitch, F. Leistritz","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.23314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.23314","url":null,"abstract":"Leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.), a widely established exotic, noxious, perennial weed, is a major threat to the viability of commercial grazing and beneficial outputs of wildlands in the Upper Great Plains. Herbicide treatments are often recommended based upon measures of physical control rather than on economic criteria. Considering the wide geographic variation of leafy spurge infestations, the range of herbicide control alternatives, and the long-term consequences this weed creates, a need exists to assess the economics of herbicide control. A deterministic, bioeconomic model was developed to evaluate the economic viability of current herbicide control strategies for leafy spurge. Only under liberal assumptions and optimistic projections does broadcast herbicide treatment result in positive net returns for most grazing situations in the Upper Great Plains. However, herbicides usually result in less loss over the long-run than does no control.","PeriodicalId":267426,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Economics Reports","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132219231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
The Economic Feasibility of Expanded Potato Processing in North Dakota 扩大马铃薯加工在北达科他州的经济可行性
Agricultural Economics Reports Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.23241
S. M. Wulff, D. Helgeson
{"title":"The Economic Feasibility of Expanded Potato Processing in North Dakota","authors":"S. M. Wulff, D. Helgeson","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.23241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.23241","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":267426,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Economics Reports","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114821826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Update of...An Analysis of the Economic Feasibility of Processing Pasta Products in North Dakota 更新……北达科他州面食加工经济可行性分析
Agricultural Economics Reports Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.23374
J. F. Mittleider, Donald E. Anderson
{"title":"Update of...An Analysis of the Economic Feasibility of Processing Pasta Products in North Dakota","authors":"J. F. Mittleider, Donald E. Anderson","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.23374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.23374","url":null,"abstract":"This supplemental study provides updated information on the pasta industry including production capacity, pasta utilization, and estimates of future demand.","PeriodicalId":267426,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Economics Reports","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127460284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
World Agriculture and Climate Change: Economic Adaptations 世界农业与气候变化:经济适应
Agricultural Economics Reports Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.33933
R. Darwin, M. Tsigas, J. Lewandrowski, A. Raneses
{"title":"World Agriculture and Climate Change: Economic Adaptations","authors":"R. Darwin, M. Tsigas, J. Lewandrowski, A. Raneses","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.33933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.33933","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies suggest that possible global increases in temperature and changes in precipitation patterns during the next century will affect world agriculture. Because of the ability of farmers to adapt , however, these changes are not likely to imperil world food production. Nevertheless, world production of all goods and services may decline, if climate change is severe enough or if cropland expansion is hindered. Impacts are not equally distributed around the world.","PeriodicalId":267426,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Economics Reports","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131123380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 343
Economic Assessment of Food Safety Regulations: The New Approach to Meat and Poultry Inspection 食品安全法规的经济评价:肉类和家禽检验的新方法
Agricultural Economics Reports Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.34009
S. Crutchfield, J. Buzby, T. Roberts, M. Ollinger, C. Lin
{"title":"Economic Assessment of Food Safety Regulations: The New Approach to Meat and Poultry Inspection","authors":"S. Crutchfield, J. Buzby, T. Roberts, M. Ollinger, C. Lin","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.34009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.34009","url":null,"abstract":"USDA is now requiring all Federally inspected meat and poultry processing and slaughter plants to implement a new system called Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) to reduce potentially harmful microbial pathogens in the food supply. This report finds that the benefits of the new regulations, which are the medical costs and productivity losses that are prevented when foodborne illnesses are averted, will likely exceed the costs, which include spending by firms on sanitation, temperature control, planning and training, and testing. Other, nonregulatory approaches can also improve food safety, such as providing market incentives for pathogen reduction, irradiation, and education and labeling to promote safe food handling and thorough cooking.","PeriodicalId":267426,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Economics Reports","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132905137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 106
Wetlands and Agriculture: Private Interests and Public Benefits 湿地与农业:私人利益与公共利益
Agricultural Economics Reports Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.22004/AG.ECON.34043
R. Heimlich, K. Wiebe, R. Claassen, D. Gadsby, R. House
{"title":"Wetlands and Agriculture: Private Interests and Public Benefits","authors":"R. Heimlich, K. Wiebe, R. Claassen, D. Gadsby, R. House","doi":"10.22004/AG.ECON.34043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22004/AG.ECON.34043","url":null,"abstract":"Society has recently increased the value it places on the services that wetlands provide, including water quality improvements, flood control, wildlife habitat, and recreation. However, owners of wetlands are often unable to profit from these services because the benefits created are freely enjoyed by many. This report examines differences between public and private incentives regarding wetlands. Federal wetland policy has shifted in recent decades--from encouraging wetland conversion to encouraging wetland protection and restoration--in an effort to balance public and private objectives. The report assesses the need for continued wetlands protection policies as the United States approaches achieving the goal of no net loss of wetlands.","PeriodicalId":267426,"journal":{"name":"Agricultural Economics Reports","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125161900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 167
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