Journal of Horticulture and Forestry最新文献

{"title":"Genetic diversity among four genotypes from Hibiscus rosasinensis in relation to drought stress","authors":"N. Shanan, Reda E A Moghaieb","doi":"10.5897/JHF2016.0429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2016.0429","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of drought stress on growth and water relations of four Hibiscus genotypes was investigated. Drought stress significantly retarded vegetative growth as analyzed by plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, fresh and dry weight. The osmotic potential (ys) values decreased with increasing drought time, and the decrease was more pronounced in Fantasia followed by Jay´s orange. Osmotic adjustment (O.A.) increased with drought time, and was greater in Fantasia followed by Jay´s orange and lowest in Annie wood.  The genetic diversity among the four hibiscus genotypes was detected by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. The data indicate that, thirty-one out of fifty four RAPD markers detected were polymorphic (57.4%). The RAPD specific markers for each genotype were determined. Ten out of the thirty one polymorphic RAPD markers generated were found to be genotype- specific (32.2%). In the meantime, the largest number of RAPD genotype-specific markers was generated for primers OPE-D-07(six markers) while for both of the OPE-B-17 and OP D-05 (two markers each). These markers can be verified as being RAPD markers associated with drought tolerance in the hibiscus genotypes that could help in marker-assisted selection breeding program. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Hibiscus, biomass production, osmotic adjustment, molecular markers, genetic polymorphism.","PeriodicalId":267383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture and Forestry","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123367077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of tree species distribution and diversity in the major urban green spaces of Nairobi city, Kenya","authors":"D. Nyambane, J. Njoroge, A. Watako","doi":"10.5897/JHF2016.0439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2016.0439","url":null,"abstract":"Plant composition of urban green spaces is an important component of urban ecosystem as it influences the provision of many environmental and social services that contribute to the quality life. In Nairobi, a few remnants of continuous highland forest exist but they are under increasing pressure from the rapidly changing surrounding landscape. The plant composition is being altered by human encroachment and other related activities. The status of the current plant composition in relation to location and disturbance level is unknown. This study was therefore carried out to determine the variation in tree composition and distribution in three major green spaces within Nairobi city namely City Park, Karura and Ngong’ forests. Transects were laid out along environmental gradients, and the type, size, abundance and diameter at breast height (DBH) of tree species recorded within 20*15 m quadrats. The following aspects were calculated; abundance, species richness and distribution of tree diameters at breast height (DBH) and importance value (IVI). Indigenous species contributed 82% whilst exotic species accounted for 18% of the total species recorded. A mean quadrat species richness of 6.3, 4.7 and 4.1 was recorded in City Park, Karura and Ngong’ forests, respectively. It was observed that few tree species dominate and this reduces the diversity. At forest edges, exotic species were abundant, but this changed as one moves to the center, where the composition was mainly indigenous due to minimal disturbance. It can be concluded from this study that for conservation of the green urban spaces, there should be proper planning in place to minimize the human encroachment and to enhance plant diversity especially indigenous species. Further, it is necessary to encourage all stakeholders to participate in the conservation of these important sites. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Urban vegetation, remnant habitat, anthropogenic effects, phytosociology, species richness, importance value.","PeriodicalId":267383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture and Forestry","volume":"338 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115672104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of mulching and varieties on growth and yield of tomato under polyhouse","authors":"Habtamu Tegen, Yigzaw Dessalegn, W. Mohammed","doi":"10.5897/JHF2015.0395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2015.0395","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was conducted to study the effect of mulch on growth and yield of tomato varieties under polyhouse condition at Bahir Dar, Ethiopia in 2012 and 2013. The treatments were 4 × 2 factorial combinations of mulching material (Black plastic mulch (BPM), White plastic mulch (WPM), Grass mulch (GM) and no mulch with two varieties (Cochoro and Miya). White plastic mulch recorded significantly tallest plant height followed by black plastic mulch. Significantly highest number of primary and secondary branches per plant were recorded for un-mulched Cochoro variety and mulched with grass, respectively in 2013. Cochoro variety mulched with grass produced significantly highest number of flowers per cluster in 2013. Significantly highest number of fruits per cluster and percent fruit set was registered when Miya variety was grown on grass and black plastic mulch, respectively. Earlier flower, fruit set and maturity of fruits were recorded from plants mulched with white plastic. Significantly early flowering, fruit setting and fruit maturity were recorded inthe Miya variety. The highest marketable fruit yield was obtained with grass mulch treatment (60.90 t ha-1) and the lowest was obtained with no mulch treatment (43.76 t ha-1). The increase in fruit yield gained by the application of grass mulch in polyhouse was attributed to its favorable effect on soil temperature and soil moisture which subsequently created conducive condition for root growth and development. Significantly higher marketable yield was obtained in Miya variety (57.83 t ha-1) as compared to Cochoro variety (44.32 t ha-1).  The mean air temperature regime was 18.7°C (night) to 25.6°C (day) inside the polyhouse which was optimum for plants growth and normal fruits production. Soil temperatures under both plastic mulches were constantly higher than under bare soil and grass mulch. Cost benefit analysis indicates the highest net benefit was obtained on grass mulch. Based on agronomic performance and economic analysis the result of the present study indicated that the superiority of Miya tomato variety grown at grass mulch under polyhouse growing condition. Therefore, application of grass mulch for tomato fruit yield using Miya variety is recommended for producers in the study area. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Mulch, polyhouse, tomato.","PeriodicalId":267383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture and Forestry","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121018468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring peoples preferences on specific attributes of urban forests in Washington DC: A conjoint approach","authors":"Rogelio Andrada, Jinyang Deng, K. Gazal","doi":"10.5897/JHF2015.","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2015.","url":null,"abstract":"The study uses conjoint analysis to determine the preferences of different groups of people on specific urban forest attributes such as plant variety, planting pattern, color variety and growth form. A year-long face-to-face survey was employed to collect data and conjoint analysis was conducted to estimate the relative importance of the attributes as well as the part-worth values of the specific levels under each attribute. Furthermore, the respondents were segmented into various groups based on demographics and the corresponding preferences were estimated for each group. The study revealed that, all the aforementioned attributes were important with plant variety being the most important and growth form being the least important. Specifically, the respondents preferred urban forests to be predominantly trees and grass, planted in patches that are scattered throughout the city, mainly green with many other colors, and trimmed. Various sub-groups of respondents showed slight variations in preferences which entail specific adjustments on management strategies and maintenance techniques. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Conjoint analysis, urban forest management.","PeriodicalId":267383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture and Forestry","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114073216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in flavonoids concentration of Hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida) in response to exogenous amino acids","authors":"Yuanyuan Cui, L. Guo, Hu Ming, Deng Wen","doi":"10.5897/JHF2015.0405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2015.0405","url":null,"abstract":"Hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.) flavonoids constituents have recently received greater attention for their health and medical properties. In order to relgulate the  flavonoids constituents, one-year-old hawthorn plants were subjected to foliar application of L-glutamic acid (GLA, 800 mg L–1 ), glycine (GLY, 20 mg L–1), L-phenylalanine (PHE, 20 mg L–1), L-arginine (ARG, 20 mg L–1). The levels of rhamnosylvitexin, rutin and hyperoside in both leaves and root exudates were significantly (p<0.05) increased in GLA and PHE treatments. Application of GLY and PHE increased the levels of rutin and hyperoside in hawthorn roots, especially for PHE treatment, and the level of hyperoside in PHE treatment was significantly (p<0.05) higher than in other treatments. No positive effects were observed for quercetin under exogenous amino acids treatments in both leaves and roots. The total flavonoids content of leaves, roots and root exudates under GLA and PHE treatments were significantly increased compared to the control. In addition, the phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL, EC 4.3.1.5) activities of leaves and roots were also increased. These results suggest that some exogenous amino acids did affect the flavonoids content, which may have significance in regulation of flavonoids in hawthorn. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Amino acids, flavonoids, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase.","PeriodicalId":267383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture and Forestry","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123070292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrient status of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) leaves produced along the bank of River Beressa","authors":"Haymanot Awgchew, H. Gebrekidan, Adamu Molla","doi":"10.5897/JHF2015.0385","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2015.0385","url":null,"abstract":"The discharge of untreated solid and liquid wastes containing toxic heavy metals (Cr, Pd, Ni, Hg and As) from municipal and industrial activities has deteriorate the potential of Beressa River water mainly for irrigation purpose and affect the chemical property of soils and vegetables grown along the bank. Thus, this work was conducted to assess the concentrations of both essential nutrients (Ca, Mg, K, P, N, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn) and heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Pd, Ni, Hg and As) in potato tubers and lettuce leaves produced along the bank of river using irrigation. Depending on their position and extent of water pollution, three different farms were identified and representative plant samples were collected from each farm for laboratory analysis. The vegetables from the non-irrigated farm were characterized by their lower contents of Ca, Mg, K, P, N, Mn, Fe, Zn and Cu. There was no detection of heavy metals in the potato tubers collected from farms 1 and 2, and except Cd, the lettuces of farm 3 had the highest concentration of toxic heavy metals. Apart from the lettuce leaves harvested from the irrigated farms, all the vegetables were safe for consumption and had a good essential nutrient content than the non-irrigated farm. Eventually, it is important to protect and mitigate the quality of the environment through creating awareness and conducting different studies of natural resources pollution remediation and controlling. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Potato, lettuce, nutrients, heavy metals, water pollution, Beressa River.","PeriodicalId":267383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture and Forestry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131172948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of climatic conditions on flowering and fruiting of Tamarindus indica (Fabaceae)","authors":"A. B. Fandohan, V. Salako, A. Assogbadjo, B. Diallo, P. Damme, B. Sinsin","doi":"10.5897/JHF2015.0403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2015.0403","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined effects of climatic conditions on patterns of flowering and fruiting of tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.). Data were recorded over a period of 26 months in two contrasting climatic zones. The monitoring revealed that irrespective of climatic zones, flowering starts by the end of the dry season when hygrometry begins to rise and lasts two to three months. Fruiting begins around the peak of the rainy season and reaches the ripening stage six to eight months later during the dry season. Flowering and fruiting abilities weakly varied with climatic conditions. Flowering durations and active phases seemed to be significantly longer (p < 0.001) under wetter climatic conditions (Sudan-Guinea zone) while fruiting parameters showed the opposite trend. Flowering length was found to be weakly correlated to climatic conditions while the latter variable was positively correlated to fruiting length. A negative correlation was observed between fruiting length and trees diameter; suggesting that the younger the tree, the longer the fruiting phase. These results provide insights into the patterns of phenological events of tamarind that could help in managing its populations and anticipating its flowering and fruiting shifting response to climate changes. Thorough research should however focus on modeling the combined effect of climate, soil, land use regimes and age of trees on the inter-annual variation of flowering and fruiting patterns and productivity. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Indigenous fruit trees, phenology, climate, Benin, West Africa.","PeriodicalId":267383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture and Forestry","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116180079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegetation composition and dynamics along degradation gradient of Kiang'ombe hill forest in the drylands of Kenya.","authors":"J. N. Kigomo, G. Muturi, F. Gachathi, S. Kimani, M. Kuria, E. Waweru","doi":"10.5897/JHF2015.0396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2015.0396","url":null,"abstract":"Kiang'ombe hilltop forest is overexploited for fuel wood, charcoal, timber and non-wood forest products, thus threatening its biodiversity conservation role. The extent of forest degradation is not yet quantified and this impedes rehabilitation interventions. This study was conducted to evaluate the status of Kiang'ombe forest resources to initiate rehabilitation interventions and to support sustainable forest management. Remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) were used to determine trends of spatial and temporal vegetation changes over 25 years. Image analysis revealed high, moderate and low categories of forest degradation over the assessment period. Thirty two nested sample plots were used for vegetation inventory in the three degradation gradient clusters. Additional data was obtained from local informants through focused discussions and field observations. A total of 155 plant species belonging to 58 families were identified. Shannon Weiner diversity index of seedling and sapling were higher in low and moderate than in high degraded areas. Based on species importance values, the candidate trees for rehabilitation of degraded areas were Croton macrostachyus, Acacia hockii, Combretum molle and Faurea saligna whereas Enteropogon macrostachys, Cymbopogon sp., Eragrostis superba and Hyparrhenia rufa were the most suitable grass species for reseeding expansive glades. The recommended rehabilitation techniques are enrichment tree planting in water catchments areas, enhancing natural regeneration through protection and grazing management, gully healing at the hill slopes and establishment of woodlots plantations and boundary planting in the surrounding farmlands.   \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Hilltop forest, geographic information systems (GIS), vegetation inventory, rehabilitation techniques.","PeriodicalId":267383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture and Forestry","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114076269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uses and preferences of woody species in two protected forests of Dan Kada Dodo and Dan Gado in Niger.","authors":"Abdourhamane Hamidou, M. Boubé, L. Mahamane, Mahamane Ali, S. Mahamane, R. Bellefontaine","doi":"10.5897/JHF2014.0374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2014.0374","url":null,"abstract":"An ethnobotanical survey was carried out on 31 woody species recorded in the protected forests of Dan Kada Dodo and Dan Gado in south-central Niger. Semi-structured interviews with local population were conducted between June and September 2012 in seven bordering villages in which five are predominantly from the Hausa ethnic group and two are from the Fulani ethnic group. A total of 256 people were randomly selected and interviewed. Plant parts and species use-value and preferences were evaluated. Local populations were found to use forest resources for varied and vital needs. The use category wood energy was dominant (20.38%), followed by medicinal uses (19.42%). Wood leaves and roots were the most used parts of the plants. There is significant difference (P<0.01) in use importance between different tree components by the local population. Balanites aegyptiaca (Del), Hyphaene thebaica (L.) Mart., Tamarindus indica (L.), Ziziphus mauritiana (Lam), Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich) Hochst and Guiera senegalensis (J. F. Gmelin) had high ethnobotanical use-values and were the most preferred by local communities. These important species should be considered for long-term biodiversity conservation and management programmes. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Quantitative ethnobotany, use category, use-value, multipurpose trees, agroforestry, prioritization, domestication.","PeriodicalId":267383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture and Forestry","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128304391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phenotypic traits of Carapa procera fruits from riparian forests of Burkina Faso, West Africa","authors":"Benjamin Lankoandé, A. Ouédraogo, J. Boussim, A. Lykke","doi":"10.5897/JHF2015.0394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2015.0394","url":null,"abstract":"Investigating phenotypic variation in fruit traits constitute an important base for biodiversity assessment and domestication. The present study was carried out in order to assess the diversity of phenotypic traits of Carapa procera fruits. A total of 430 fruits were collected on 43 trees, and their surface aspect, length, width, weight, number of carpels and number and weight of seeds were recorded. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis were used firstly on the fruit variables to determine morphotypes and secondly on the morphotypes variables to relate their traits to tree characteristics. Analyses of variance were performed to test for differences in phenotypic traits between morphotypes. Three morphotypes of C. procera fruits were identified: Morphotype 1, morphotype 2 and morphotype 3 including crested fruits, goffering fruits and smooth fruits, respectively. Morphotype 1 and 2 grouped the largest and heaviest fruits, while the morphotype 3 grouped the smallest and lightest ones. The highest number of seeds per fruit was found in morphotype 2, whereas morphotype 3 had the lowest number. Morphotypes were not related to the tree size. Morphotype 2 provides the highest value traits and represents the best choice for plantation purposes. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Biological diversity, morphological traits, wild fruits, Carapa procera, oil tree, Burkina Faso.","PeriodicalId":267383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture and Forestry","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124726197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}