Journal of Horticulture and Forestry最新文献

{"title":"Determinants of deforestation in Western Oromia region of Ethiopia: The case of Komto Forest","authors":"M. Daksa, B. Kotu","doi":"10.5897/JHF2014.0381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2014.0381","url":null,"abstract":"Deforestation and poverty are challenging problems in Ethiopia. The deforestation-poverty nexus is complicated by the institutional failures related to management of natural resources. This study was conducted to analyse the determinants of deforestation in Ethiopia, Western Oromia, the case of Komto Forest in East Wollega Zone, employing primary cross-sectional data on sampled households. Multistage sampling technique was used in selecting 150 household head respondents. Volume of woody biomass consumed and sold in cubic meter (M3) was used to measure deforestation. The Heckman maximum likelihood model estimates showed that large landholding size explain lower level of deforestation. It was also found that forest product sale, and corruption behaviour of households and staff of institution aggravates deforestation. Probability of forest product use is negatively related to kerosene use and positively to road access, purpose of use, and corruption perception. The study showed that poverty and institutional failure related to the forest management are key factors determining deforestation and forest degradation in the study area. Thus solving poverty and institutional failures would help solve deforestation problem of the study area.  \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Deforestation, poverty, institutional failure, Heckman selection model.","PeriodicalId":267383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture and Forestry","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128794962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of field capacity of sacred forest soils on regeneration of Aframomum melegueta on Western Highlands in Cameroon","authors":"G. M. Anjah, V. Nguetsop, F. Tsombou, M. T. M. Njoya","doi":"10.5897/JHF2015.0393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2015.0393","url":null,"abstract":"This study was aimed at investigating the field capacity of three sacred forest soils of the West Region of Cameroon and their effect on the germination potential and early plant growth characteristics of fresh and dried seeds of Aframomum melegueta. Sample soils were collected from Bamendjo (BO), Bamendjinda (BA), and Mbing Mekoup (MB) sacred forest areas. Each area was divided into three location sites 1, 2 and 3 and each of the sites was made up of 3 collection points (P1, P2, and P3). The field capacity (FC) of each site was determined before the planting of the seeds. For each collection site, the soil of a collection point was randomly chosen to form two groups with five replicates each. In each pot, 10 fresh seeds and 10 dried seeds were planted respectively and monitored for germination. Measurements for seedling growth were spread over 14 weeks. Results showed that the field capacity (FC) of BO (71.18%) and of BA (68.64%) were significantly different from those of MB (51.66%). The germinating percentages of the seeds were very high in the soils of BO (76. 67%) and BA (61. 33%) as compared to those of MB (48%). The latent period of the seeds was longer in the soils of MB (12 days) and shorter in the soil of BO (7 days). The average height of the plants in the soils of BO (6. 75 cm) and BA (6. 05 cm) were greater than those of the plants in the soils of MB (4.61 cm). The number of leaves of the plants of BO (4), BA (4) and MB (4) were not significantly different. The leaf surface area was higher in BO (10.43 cm²) and BA (8, 30 cm²) as compared to that of MB (5. 37 cm²). This study has shown that the FC of the soils of the sacred forests of BO and BA positively affected the germination percentage and the latent period of the fresh seeds; the leaf surface area and the heights of young plants. Meanwhile, the germination rates of the fresh seeds and A. melegueta dried seeds were not affected by the FC of the soils. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Field capacity, Bamendjo, Bamendjinda, Mbing Mekoup, sacred forests, germination, growth, Aframomum melegueta.","PeriodicalId":267383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture and Forestry","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129618286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Timber species from Afram arm of the Volta Lake in Ghana: Planing and sanding properties","authors":"F. Owusu, F. Boakye, G. Zorve","doi":"10.5897/JHF2014.0383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2014.0383","url":null,"abstract":"Volumes of timber logs (dead trees) in the Volta Lake in Ghana, that had become a dead trap for water transportation, were being extracted for utilization to increase the timber resource base. Unfortunately, their properties were not known for efficient promotion and utilization. The influence and relative significance of machine surface planing and sanding parameters in the production of good quality timber surface finish on four underwater timber species from the Volta Lake were investigated. The preparation of test specimens, testing, evaluation and grading of the tests specimens were conducted according to ASTM-D 143, 1666-87 and DIN 4768. A cutting depth of 2 mm was made constant. Wood specimens were planed and sanded at 12% moisture content and the surface qualities obtained were visually graded. Surface quality performance increased with decreasing rake angle and feed speed. Low rake angle of 15° with 6 m/min and 9 m/min feed speeds resulted in a high planing quality. The degree of magnitude of the chipped/torn grain defects decreased with decreasing rake angle and feed speed. Grit sizes of sand paper had significant effect on the surface quality of the four species. The chipped/torn grain defects observed were eliminated from all the wood species with grit size 40. High surface sanding quality was registered for all the species with grit 150. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Feed speed, planing quality, rake angle, sanding quality, surface quality.","PeriodicalId":267383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture and Forestry","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121186870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The use of electrolyte leakage procedure in assessing heat and salt tolerance of Ruzaiz date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cultivar regenerated by tissue culture and offshoots and treatments to alleviate the stressful injury","authors":"Khair Tuwair Said Al Busaidi, K. Farag","doi":"10.5897/JHF2014.0378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2014.0378","url":null,"abstract":"Salt and heat stresses are one of the greatest constraints facing agricultural production worldwide, particularly in arid and semi-arid countries where scarcity of water and high temperatures prevail. Assessing tolerance level of date palm trees regenerated by tissue culture against heat and salt stresses is a prerequisite.This investigation aims to determine heat and NaCl tolerance of date palm (cv. Ruzaiz) produced by tissue culture and offshootas well as to study the possibility of increasing tolerance to heat stress alone or in the presence of NaCl stress by using calcium, potassium or oleic acid by using electrolyte leakage methodwhich based on sigmoidal curves at 50 %. Tissue culture plants used in this investigation were at 4 and 10 months old vitro plants namely; VP2 and VP3, respectively as well offshoots from the same variety attached to mother plant in the field.Electrolyte leakage method was used to determine thermo-tolerance of leaf tissues.  Leaf segments of five-centimeter length from VP2, VP3 and off shoots were assayed in the laboratory for tolerance totreatments (heat, heat plus NaCl, heat plus KCl, heat plus CaCl2, heat plus oleic acid, heat plus NaCl and oleic acid, heat plus NaCl and KCland heat plus NaCland CaCl2.  The concentrations of the test compounds were: NaCl at 1% w/v, KCl or CaCl2 (0.2 M) or oleic acid (0.1 M).  A completely randomized design was used with three replications. The results revealed that thermo-tolerance values were 53, 53.5, and 58.5°C for VP2, VP3, and offshoot leaflets, respectively. Also there is a potential to increase the thermo-tolearance of VP2, VP3, or offshoots that could increase their survival under field conditions by pretreatment with KCl, CaCl2 (0.2 M) or oleic acid (100 ppm). \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Electrolyte leakage, thermo-tolerance, membrane stability, salinity, lethal temperature, heat regime, semipermeability.","PeriodicalId":267383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture and Forestry","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131690181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of mycorrhiza, organo-mineral and NKP fertilizer on the performance and post harvest quality of sweetcorn","authors":"O. Etukudo, L. Babatola, O. Ojo, O. Fagbola","doi":"10.5897/JHF2015.0391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2015.0391","url":null,"abstract":"A field experiment was carried out to assess the effects of vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza (VAM), Organo-mineral fertilizer (OMF) and NPK (15:15:15), on the performance and post-harvest quality of sweet corn. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with mycorrhiza as main plot and fertilizer combinations as treatments. VAM inocula were applied at a rate of 888.88 kg ha-1, OMF at 2000 kg ha-1 and NPK (15:15:15) at 400kg ha-1. Storability of the sweet corn was evaluated at open shelf (25-27°C), normal refrigeration (40°C) and deep freezing conditions (0°C). Results showed that there were significant differences (p <0.05) between mycorrhiza and non mycorrhiza. Across mycorrhiza treatment, the highest yields of free corn ears were obtained with the complementary use of OMF and NPK (15:15:15). Fertilizer application had significant effect on the storage life of sweet corn, however, sweet corn stored by freezing at 0°C had the best storage properties in terms of firmness, weight loss and disease incidence. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Vesicular arbuscular mycorrhiza; sweetcorn yield; Organo-mineral fertilizer.","PeriodicalId":267383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture and Forestry","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116239694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of organic and chemical fertilizers on yield and total soluble solids (TSS) in Banana Cavendish group (AAA)","authors":"I. Bakheit, E. H. Elsadig","doi":"10.5897/JHF2014.0384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2014.0384","url":null,"abstract":"Banana fruit production in the Sudan covers a wide spectrum of activities ranging from local utilization of fruit with self-sufficiency through small farming for local market to large plantation for export. It is one of the most important fruits of Sudan. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at two locations during 20092010 and 20102011 in split-split plot layout with four replications. The main plots were the two varieties of Cavendish Dwarf and Grand Nain (AAA) and the sub-plots are the fertilizer treatments arranged randomly. The treatments consisted of urea (400 g/mat/yearr), NPK (200 g/mat/year) and in combination with organic fertilizers, compost 10 kg/plant/year, manure 5 kg/plant/year). The results indicated that there were significant effects (p≤0.05) in fruit parameters (weight of bunch, hand, fingers and number of handsbunch and fingersbunch). The fertilizer treatment urea (400 gmatyear), and urea plus organic manure in the two seasons were highly significant different. The results showed that there were highly significant increase in growth resulted from all fertilizer treatments and reflected in earlier shooting, 198 days in the main crop, 142 days in the first ratoon, and shorter time to flowering and harvest, 35 days in the main crop and 32 days in the first ratoon crop in Dwarf Cavendish compared to Grand Nain cultivars in the two seasons. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Banana, varieties, fertilizers.","PeriodicalId":267383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture and Forestry","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130373404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tolerance of bio-fertilized Delonix regia seedlings to irrigation intervals","authors":"A. Soliman, Ebtsam M. Morsy, O. N. Massoud","doi":"10.5897/JHF2014.0380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2014.0380","url":null,"abstract":"This work aims to investigate the effect of different bio-fertilizers (Arbascular mycorrhizae fungi, Azotobacter chroorcoccum, yeast strains and mixture of all inoculum) and irrigation intervals (3, 6 or 12 days) on the growth and chemical composition of Delonix regia seedlings grown in sandy soil. Pot experiments were conducted using a randomized complete blocks design with three replicates during two successive seasons of 2013 and 2014. The results indicated that dual bio-fertilizers led to significant increase in growth characters  (plant height, root length, number of branches/plant, total fresh and dry weights/plant), microbial populations and AM fungi colonization (%), enzymatic activities, chemical composition (plant pigments, total carbohydrates, proline content, N, P, K) besides antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT),and peroxidase (POD) compared to the un-inoculated seedlings (as control) at the recommended dose of NPK chemical fertilizers under the same conditions. Generally, these results undoubtedly confirm that dual bio-fertilizers could replace the use of chemical fertilizers and consequently improve the quality and quantity of D. regia. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Delonix regia, Arbascular mycorrhizae fungi, Azotobacter chroorcoccum, yeast strains - growth characters, chemical composition.","PeriodicalId":267383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture and Forestry","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128431928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lettuce growth characteristics as affected by fertilizers, liming, and a soil conditioner","authors":"E. Marchi, G. Marchi, C. Silva, B. O. Dias","doi":"10.5897/JHF2015.0386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2015.0386","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this work was to test fertilizers, liming, and levels of a soil conditioner produced from leonardite, composed by humic and fulvic acids on “iceberg” lettuce growth characteristics. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 5×3×2 factorial scheme, with 5 levels of soil conditioner (0, 20, 40, 100 and 200 L ha-1), 3 fertilizers [chicken manure, plant compost (plant residues and cattle manure) and mineral], in limed and unlimed soil, with five replicates. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse. Total shoot fresh and dry weight, shoot commercial fresh and dry weight, plants height, circumference, and number of leaves were evaluated as well as final soil pH and nutrient levels in leaves. Chicken manure rendered the greater circumference and shoot fresh commercial weight. Lettuce produced with chicken manure presented higher content of P, Ca, and Mg in leaves. Soil conditioner, in general, did not influence plant growth, except in its height, in the highest applied dose. With absence of lime, soil conditioner caused an increase of lettuce height with mineral fertilizers, and a decrease with plant compost. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Humic substances, Lactuca sativa L., chicken manure, compost.","PeriodicalId":267383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture and Forestry","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131695438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of plant growth regulators and their concentration in vitro on mass poropagation of Myrobalan 29C rootstock","authors":"Z. Shabani, E. G. Moghadam, B. Abedi, A. Tehranifar","doi":"10.5897/JHF2014.0364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2014.0364","url":null,"abstract":"Myrobalan 29C is one of the most important rootstocks that is widely used for plum and apricot trees. This study was conducted to determine the most suitable media culture and regulators of plant growth for micropropagation of Myrobalan 29C in Khorasan Natural Resource and Agricultural Research Centre Mashhad, Iran. 10 explants treated were sterilized in 70% Ethanol for 1 min, Mercuric chloride (0.1%) for 1, 2 and 3 min and sodium hypochlorite (3 and 10%) for 10, 20 and 30 min. Results showed that 10% sodium hypochlorite (30 min) with 2% decay was the best treatment. In this experiment,  proliferation and rooting were performed in three kinds of culture media: Murashige and Skoog (MS), McCown and Lioyd (WPM) and Driver and Kuniyuki (DKW). They were supplemented with plant growth regulators (benzyl amino purine (BAP) and thiadizuron (TDZ)) of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 mg l-1 in all treatments of the proliferation; and with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) of 0, 1, 2, 3 mg l-1 in the rooting step. Results showed that the highest number and length of shoot respectively were 5.58 and 2.50 cm in MS medium with 2 mg l-1 BAP concentrations. The DKW medium in 1 mg l-1 of NAA, the highest percent of rooting (100%) and root length were about 14.5 cm in MS medium with 2 mg l-1 of NAA respectively. The acclimatization of plantlets was successful in greenhouse conditions. The survival percent in substrateperlite (100% V) was about 80%. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Tissue culture, disinfection, micropropagation, acclimatization.","PeriodicalId":267383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture and Forestry","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131053083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of rooting media and number of nodes per stem cutting on nursery performance of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andr. syn. Vanilla fragrans)","authors":"Mesay Adugna, Derebew Belew, Digafie Tilahun","doi":"10.5897/JHF2014.0376","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2014.0376","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of rooting media and number of nodes per cutting on nursery performance of vanilla fragrance were evaluated in South-western Ethiopia in 2011/ 2012. Six rooting media (forest soil, decomposed animal manure, fine sand, 1:1 mixture of forest soil: fine sand, 1:1 mixture of decomposed animal manure: fine sand and 1:1:1 mixture of forest soil: decomposed animal manure: fine sand) and four levels of node number (two, three, four, and five node cutting) were used in this experiment. Treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design with three replications. The result revealed that interaction between the two factors was significant (P£0.05) for all parameters studied except sprouting percentage and root number. The highest shoot length, shoot girth, shoot fresh weight, shoot dry weigh, leaf number, leaf area, leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight and root to shoot ratio were obtained from four node cuttings grown on a 1:1:1 mixture of forest soil: decomposed animal manure: fine sand rooting media, with the exception of the highest root length and rooting percentage of cuttings obtained from the rooting media containing pure sand. In addition highest root fresh weight, root volume and root dry weight were obtained from five nodal cuttings. Two nodal cutting grown on decomposed animal manure and pure fine sand media showed lower root initiation and shoot growth. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Vanilla fragrance, propagation, rooting media, node number.","PeriodicalId":267383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture and Forestry","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116679749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}