Journal of Horticulture and Forestry最新文献

{"title":"Determination of the economic threshold level of tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on tomato plant under glasshouse conditions","authors":"S. Tadele, G. Emana","doi":"10.5897/JHF2018.0522","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2018.0522","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera:Gelechiidae) is an important pest of tomato crops native to South America. It is considered to be one of the major pests of tomato crop in Ethiopia since 2012. The aim of this study was to determine the economic threshold level of T. absoluta under glasshouse conditions. The damage potential and economic threshold level for T. absoluta larvae on tomato crop were studied during 2015 to 2016 under glasshouse conditions. Significant (P < 0.05) differences were observed among the treatments during the study period. The number of larvae per plant reduced the yield to the extent of 10.51 to 75.62% during 2015, and 11.87 to 80.22% during 2016 cropping season. The mean values of marketable yield gained to the cost of insecticide application at 0, 1 and 4 larvae per plant were 34,913, 31,006 and 16,574.5 kg/ha from 2015 to 2016, respectively. The lowest yield was observed at control/unsprayed treatment (7,751.5 kg/ha). The economic injury level (EIL) lies at the pest population density where Benefit-Cost ratio would be 1.08. From this study, the ElL of T. absoluta was determined as 3.0 larvae per plant based on the findings of glasshouse experiments conducted over the period of two years. The economic threshold level (ETL) was worked out at 2.25 larvae per plant during the same years under glasshouse conditions.  \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Economic, infestation, injury, larva, management, threshold, tomato, Tuta absoluta, yield.","PeriodicalId":267383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture and Forestry","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114171703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physico-chemical properties of soil under the canopies of Faidherbia albida (Delile) A. Chev and Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayen in park land agroforestry system in Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia","authors":"K. Desta, Nigatu Lisanenwork, M. Muktar","doi":"10.5897/JHF2016.0491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2016.0491","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Faidherbia albida and Acacia tortilis on soil physico-chemical properties at Langano and Tuka in farm fields of Bora District where both trees are traditionally retained on the farm. At each site, four F. albida and four A. tortilis trees were purposively selected and soil sample collected from four directions at three distances (1.35, 3.35 and 26.35 m) from tree trunk and composite soil samples was taken for both physico-chemical analyses. Collected data was analyzed by two way ANOVA and mean separation with LSD (%). Mean moisture levels of all sites, 1.35 (14.32%) were significantly (p < 0.05) greater than that of openland (10.79%) at 26.35 m from tree trunk. Bulk density was also significantly affected by tree canopies (p<0.05). It increased from 1.20 g/cm3 under canopy to 1.29 g/cm3 in the openland. At both sites, pH was significantly lower (p < 0.05) under the canopy than out of the canopy (it was reduced from 6.05 under canopy to 7.00 at open land). Soil organic matter, total nitrogen available phosphorus, exchangeable calcium, exchangeable magnesium and cation exchange capacity were significantly higher (p < 0.05) under the canopy of trees as compared to openland. Apart from these, the recorded values of exchangeable sodium, potassium and electrical conductivity revealed statistically non-significant difference among the treatments. The research finding showed that trees have positive relation with availability of soil nutrient and to enhance these trees in the farm, farmers knowledge improvement and further research regarding tree age class should be conducted. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Parkland agroforestry, canopy position, soil physicochemical properties.","PeriodicalId":267383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture and Forestry","volume":"378 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116326497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of beekeeping production system and constraints in Sude Woreda, Arsi Zone Oromia Ethiopia","authors":"Alemayehu Weldearegay, Abera Anja","doi":"10.5897/JHF2017.0503","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2017.0503","url":null,"abstract":"The study was conducted in Arsi Zone Sude Woreda, Oromia region, Ethiopia aims to assess beekeeping production systems and constraints. Totally, 90 households were selected for the study. Semi structured questionnaire was prepared to collect primary data. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the results were organized by tables and graphs. Based on the survey result, about 97% of the respondents indicated there are different forage types of honey bees’ floras like shrubs, bushes, cultivated crops herbs, weeds and some woody plants like Wanza, Koshem, Sesbania, Acacia and Tree Lucerne. The majority (72%) of the respondents obtained beekeeping by catching swarms. Honey was harvested twice a year from May to June and September to November. The survey result also indicated that beekeeping has a huge number of constraints that hinder honey bee production and profitability. The major constraints are shortage of bee forage, pests and predators, death of colony, swarming; bad weather and marketing. Lack of bee forage associate with deforestation is the main problem, and it ranks first from all the constraints. The major pests and predators are ants, rats, beetles wax moth, bee lice, spiders, birds, lizards, snakes, etc. The respondents indicated that, they have interest to improve beekeeping practices in the area. So the government and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) should support by training them on how to manage honey bee flora, and providing modern honey bee equipment to enhance the honey productivity is also very important to enhance the products of beekeeping in the study area.  \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Beekeeping practice, Ethiopia.","PeriodicalId":267383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture and Forestry","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130105165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trees species diversity in perennial crops around Yapo protected forest, Cte dIvoire","authors":"Vroh Bi Tra Aimé, N’guessan Kouakou Édouard, Adou Yao Constant Yves","doi":"10.5897/JHF2017.0507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2017.0507","url":null,"abstract":"The potential of agricultural landscapes for tree species diversity conservation in perennial crop was examined in the Southeast of Cote d’Ivoire. Based on botanical survey of trees and shrubs species, the beta diversity has been assessed and diversity profile, species accumilation curves, and rank abundance have been compared from 70 plots of 500 m2 selected in the Yapo Protected Forest (YPF), a Voluntary Natural Reserve (VNR), the Community Forests (CF) and the four main crop systems: cocoa (Theobroma cacao), cola (Cola nitida), teck (Tectona grandis) and rubber (Hevea brasiliensis). Results show that 7.3% of stems recorded in old forests can be met in all types of farm habitats. The YPF is more diverse than the other habitats. VNR, CF, and cola-cocoa-rubber farms have the same trees species diversity level when we considered only the most abundant spceies. Farms of rubber contribute to decreasing tree species diversity. In all habitat types, most species are scarce. The highly abundant species are non pioneer species in YPF and VNR, pioneer species in CF and exotic species in farms. A substantial number of tree species can be found on farms that is increasing beta diversity in the study area. Further researchs are required to determine the drivers of these results in the study area. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Agroforestry, diversity profile, farmland, old growth forest, Cote d’Ivoire.","PeriodicalId":267383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture and Forestry","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126412542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth responses of branch cuttings of Cordia africana to physiological age","authors":"T. F. Ambebe, Maghah Josephine Akenji, Njoya Moses Tita Mogho","doi":"10.5897/JHF2017.0494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2017.0494","url":null,"abstract":"The use of accurate cutting age in vegetative propagation is a key element in improving plant performance. To investigate the effect of physiological age on Cordia africana, branch cuttings from 1-3-, 8-10- and ≥15-year-old trees were grown under open-field conditions for two months. The cuttings were monitored for flushing and growth. The number of days to flushing was lowest for the 8-10-year-old and highest for the ≥15-year-old age class. Rooted cuttings from the 8-10-year-old trees had higher values of height, stem volume, number of leaves, and leaf width than counterparts from the other two age classes, where there were no significant differences between each other for these parameters. Moreover, the differences in stem volume and number of leaves between the youngest and oldest age classes were not statistically significant. Relative growth rates of height, diameter, and stem volume were unresponsive to physiological age. The findings of this study suggest that 8-10-year-old trees could be the most suitable donors of vegetative propagation material for C. africana. It is, however, important that rooting of the cuttings be evaluated to determine if the age-related trends in shoot growth can be sustained. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Cordia africana, cutting, growth, ortet, physiological age, vegetative propagation.","PeriodicalId":267383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture and Forestry","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114240216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vegetative propagation of selected clones of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) by stem cuttings","authors":"Essola Essola Emmanuel Junior, Caspa Roseline Gusua, Tchatchoua Dorothy Tchapda, Owona Ndongo Pierre Andre","doi":"10.5897/JHF2017.0502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2017.0502","url":null,"abstract":"The government of Cameroon is responsible for distributing hybrid cocoa seeds to farmers in Cameroon. These high-yielding and pod rot-resistant hybrids are obtained from self-incompatible commercial clones used for seed production by manual pollination of freshly opened flowers. The experimental procedure for the propagation technique of these clones has never been reported. The objectives of this study are to assess the effect of clone, cutting source and growth regulator concentration on the growth and rooting of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) stem cuttings. The experiment consisted of 4 clones (SNK16, ICS40, UPA143 and T79/501; two cutting sources: B1 = orthotropic and B2 = Plagiotropic) and four concentrations of growth regulator (4-indol-3-butyric acid) concentrations (D0 = 0 mg, D1 = 12.5 mg, D2 = 25 mg and D3 = 37.5 mg), thus a 4 × 2 × 4 factorial experiment in a completely randomized block design with 3 replicates was designed. Cuttings were set and monitored weekly for shoot sprouting for 10 weeks and rooting at the 10th week. The following parameters were measured: survival rate, number of cuttings with shoots, number of produced shoots, leaves length, number and length of produced roots. Clone, cutting source and growth regulator concentration significantly affected survival rate, shoot sprouting and rooting of cocoa cuttings at p = 0.05. Overall, cuttings started producing shoots 3 weeks after setting (WAS) and at 10 WAS all the cuttings had rooted. Assessment of cuttings in Clementine propagators showed a survival rate of approximately 75%, with orthotropic cuttings showing higher results than plagiotropic cuttings, whereas, D1 (12.5 mg) was the overall effective growth regulator (IBA) concentration that induced the highest number of roots from all the clones. UPA143 was the clone with highest value for all the factors assessed. The results will be valuable in management decision when producing planting materials by stem cuttings.  \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Theobroma cacao, vegetative propagation, clone, cutting source, growth regulator concentration, clementine propagator, shoot and root growth.","PeriodicalId":267383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture and Forestry","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114181058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yield improvement in hot pepper through demonstration of improved variety (Melkashote) with improved production technologies under irrigation scheme, Abergelle, Tigray, Ethiopia","authors":"H. Meresa, T. Gebreselassie, Fantaye Belay, Haftu Kelelew, Atsbha Gebreslassie","doi":"10.5897/JHF2017.0484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2017.0484","url":null,"abstract":"The demonstration was conducted in 2014/15 production season at Tanqua-Abergelle district, particularly at Hadash-Tekhli (Zembaw) irrigation scheme at farmers’ land. The scheme has high irrigation potential for horticultural crops production. But, improved technologies have not yet demonstrated. Therefore, the objective of this research was to demonstrate improved variety of pepper with improved management practice in to the irrigation scheme. The improved pepper variety (Melkashote) and local cultivar, ’Tsalet’ were used in the demonstration. The mean fresh fruit yield obtained from the improved pepper variety was higher (13.87 t/ha) than the local cultivar (10.16 t/ha). This shows 36.5% fresh pepper fruits yield increment over local cultivar, implying yield productivity per unit area can be increased by using the improved pepper variety. In addition, the improved pepper variety (Melkashote) required 115 days to mature whereas the local cultivar matured in 129 days. This shows the improved pepper variety was earlier in maturity than the local cultivar. In terms of monetary value, an average gross income of 202,859.60 Birr/ha or US$ 96,46.33 per hectare was generated from the improved pepper variety while from the local cultivar was 114,277.50 Birr/ha or US$ 5,434.10 per hectare. This implies the farmers were able to generate more income from the improved pepper fresh yield over the local cultivar. Besides, based on farmers’ perception results, except the attributes of fruit size, most of the respondents had favored the improved pepper variety (Melkashote) in its productivity, fruit length, fruit color, maturity, insect and disease resistance, marketability, fruit quality and taste than the local cultivar (Tsalet). Hence, the farmers decided to grow the variety in the next production season. Therefore, further popularization and scaling out activities should be done by the research center and office of agriculture and rural development of the district. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Farmers’ perception, maturity, Melkashote, Tsalet, yield.","PeriodicalId":267383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture and Forestry","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124225529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biology of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) under different temperature and relative humidity","authors":"Tadele Shiberu, E. Getu","doi":"10.5897/JHF2017.0496","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2017.0496","url":null,"abstract":"Tomato leaf miner, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) is a pest of Solanaceae crops, particularly tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum (Miller)) and potato (Solanum tuberosum Linnaeus) in the world. There are different records on the biology of T. absoluta in the world mainly due to variations in temperature and relative humidity. In Ethiopia, night temperature is very low and day temperature is very high. Due to this reason, it is expected that the biology of T. absoluta is somehow different from what was so far recorded elsewhere. Hence, the biology of T. absoluta was studied at different temperatures and relative humidities under laboratory and glasshouse conditions for two consecutive seasons. In the experiment, developmental stage, adult longevity, fecundity and ovipositon period were recorded. T. absoluta female laid about 60.56% of her egg on the upper side surface of tomato leaf, while the lowest (0.85%) was laid on tomato stem. The highest number of eggs of 233.75±14.42 was laid at 20.5±2°C and 55±5% R.H., whereas the lowest number of eggs (177.5±9.26) was laid at 32.0±2°C and 40±5% R.H. Considering the life cycle and longevity of adult T. absoluta, the results revealed that at 20.5±2°C (55±5% R.H.), no significant (P > 0.05) difference was observed between laboratory and glasshouse conditions in the case of complete life cycle. The life expectancy of adult was high at low temperature and low at high temperature. As temperature increased (20.5°C and above), developmental time of the moth appeared to decrease. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Biology, life span, fecundity, Tuta absoluta, temperature, relative humidity.","PeriodicalId":267383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture and Forestry","volume":"12 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114014217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. through poultry manure and rapeseed cake","authors":"T. Shiferaw, N. Dechassa, P. Sakhuja","doi":"10.5897/JHF2016.0463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2016.0463","url":null,"abstract":"Study was conducted in Diredawa Haramaya University Research Station in naturally root-knot nematode infested soil to determine the effect of poultry manure and rapeseed cake against root-knot nematode infestation and yield of tomato var. Mraglobe. Five levels of poultry manure (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 ton/ha) and three levels of rapeseed cake (0, 100 and 200 kg/ha) were applied in experimental plot three weeks before transplanting the seedlings in band placement manner to the depth of 20 cm. The experiment laid in RCBD factorial arrangement. The result revealed that there were significant interaction effect of poultry manure above 5-20 ton/ha with rapeseed cake at 200 kg/ha at P<0.05 on number of egg/egg mass, root galling, population of J2 and yield and growth of the crop. Infestation of root-knot nematode was significantly reduced as both poultry manure and rapeseed cake increased. Fruit yield increased when poultry manure raised 0 to 15 ton/ha with rapeseed cake 200 kg/ha. Applications of poultry manure at 5 ton/ha to 15 ton/ha in combination with rapeseed cake at 200 kg/ha gave highest yield and suppressed root knot nematode. \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Meloidogyne incognita, poultry manure, rapeseed cake, root-knot nematode, tomato.","PeriodicalId":267383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture and Forestry","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124480714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of seasonality, graft type and scion characteristics on propagation of Vitex payos in the drylands of Kenya","authors":"P. Bala, G. Gitehi, O. Vincent, S. Omondi, L. Albert, M. Okeyo","doi":"10.5897/JHF2017.0478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JHF2017.0478","url":null,"abstract":"This study focused on Vitex payos (Lour) Merr. which is a high valued indigenous fruit tree known for its social (nutritional and medicinal use) and economic potential in Kenya. However, domestication of this species is hampered by limited information on its vegetative propagation. The objective of the present study was to determine the effect of seasonality and grafting methods on graft take-off and survival. Scions were collected and evaluated using wedge, saddle and splice grafting methods. The experiment was conducted in a glasshouse under a complete randomized block design. Development, growth and survival of terminal shoots and lateral branch were assessed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA), post-hoc and regression analyses were performed using GenStat software 16th edition. There was significant difference in the number of terminal shoots developed across grafting methods (F2,159 = 3.60; p = 0.029). Similarly, there were significant differences in the mean growth of the terminal shoots across seasons and grafting types. Wedge grafts registered the highest number of terminal shoots followed by splice grafts. Wedge grafts that were done during the month of October recorded the tallest shoots on average. Growth of lateral shoots across the seasons and grafting methods were significantly different (p < 0.05). However, grafting method and season had no effect on survival of the grafts even though survival declined significantly over time. The findings of this study show that wedge grafts registered the best performance. Grafting in October or when the tree is almost breaking dormancy is recommended for better growth performance.  \u0000 \u0000   \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Vitex payos, vegetative propagation, grafting method, seasons, graft-take.","PeriodicalId":267383,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Horticulture and Forestry","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125505695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}