{"title":"Investigation of Evolving Multiple Access Technologies for 5G Wireless System","authors":"A. Z. Yonis, A. Nawaf","doi":"10.1109/IEC54822.2022.9807471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEC54822.2022.9807471","url":null,"abstract":"Large demand for new wireless data flow and services, the development of the next-generation mobile (NGM) system of communication has been prioritized, with increased data rates, latency, and connection requirements. non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) techniques have recently been improved and suggested to NGM and downlink. NOMA numerous users to share a single (frequency, time, coding, or spatial) channel at the same time, resulting in improved spectrum efficiency and energy efficiency. The emerging various access technologies for the fifth generation of cellular networks (5G) wireless systems are the subject of this research article. The paper focuses on the presence of excessive multiple-access interference, which is generated by spectrum sharing among users, which is a characteristic of NOMA systems.","PeriodicalId":265954,"journal":{"name":"2022 8th International Engineering Conference on Sustainable Technology and Development (IEC)","volume":"292 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131597608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimized Stress and Geometry Control of Spherical structures under Lateral Loadings","authors":"A. Mahmood, J. Katebi, N. Saeed, Ahmed A. Manguri","doi":"10.1109/IEC54822.2022.9807455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEC54822.2022.9807455","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a numerical model of a double layer spherical structure has been examined under lateral loadings. When the structure has been distorted due to loadings, the dislocated joints have been moved to their original positions utilizing the adjustment techniques based on the force method. Meanwhile, the members’ internal forces were kept in the desired domain. Optimization techniques were also implemented in order to minimalize the amount of actuation and the number of actuators to reduce the cost of the controlling process. The results of the work confirm that the adjustment and optimization techniques can be easily applied to spherical structures to control their shape and stress in members. The optimization and actuations obtained from MATLAB and the results were verified by SAP2000.","PeriodicalId":265954,"journal":{"name":"2022 8th International Engineering Conference on Sustainable Technology and Development (IEC)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127911043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Video Important Shot Detection Based on ORB Algorithm and FLANN Technique","authors":"H. A. Raheem, Tawfiq A. Al-assadi","doi":"10.1109/IEC54822.2022.9807488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEC54822.2022.9807488","url":null,"abstract":"A shot is continuous frames taken by a single camera. A shot is the essential unit in the analysis of video files for many applications, such as, online video advertising and e-commerce. Therefore, the important shot determines how much a shot influences the video analysis process. Because of their low substance, some video shots should be discarded in order to reduce video raw data using the summarization technique. A robust method for important shot detection and its key frame is proposed in this paper. Many parameters that indicate the important shot and its key frame are taken into account by the proposed strategy. These parameters (which include the shot’s interest points based on ORB(Oriented Rotated Brief Very Fast Binary Descriptor) algorithm and FLANN(Fast Library For Approximate Nearest Neighbors) technique, entropy metrics for video summary, shot length, and shot activity factors) have been used to determine shot relevance. Each of these elements has a different impact on the importance score. The robustness of the proposed method was demonstrated by the results.","PeriodicalId":265954,"journal":{"name":"2022 8th International Engineering Conference on Sustainable Technology and Development (IEC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128716316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Impact of Google Glass Technology on Disabled People’s Daily Activities: A Systematic Literature Review","authors":"Farhad S. Dizayee","doi":"10.1109/IEC54822.2022.9807555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEC54822.2022.9807555","url":null,"abstract":"This systematic literature review demonstrates on modern technology wearable device called Google Glass. The concept of hands-free functionality is an important aspect of the device specially to support individuals with physical disabilities and vision impairments. Applying the same principle to support students with special needs is a missing gap in the literature. The recent history of the Google Glass wearable device proves using this device mostly in surgical operations by doctors. The aim of this systematic literature review is to investigate the impact of Google Glass in aiding disabled people in daily activities. Also, discover the limitations of the Google Glass device and to what extent disabled students benefit from it in educational settings. Currently, the fourth generation of Google Glass is used by different levels of users, medical, education and research purposes. The findings indicated that Google Glass technology provides countless assistance to medical, social and educational settings for nursing students and physically disabled individuals. Results have shown this wearable device is able to support blind and visually impaired individuals to navigate and learn. The Google Glass is seen as an essential aid for learning and gaining knowledge for disabled students from primary to higher education. This study makes a knowledge contribution to Google Glass wearable devices in terms of usability and facilities aiding disabled individuals in education and learning environments.","PeriodicalId":265954,"journal":{"name":"2022 8th International Engineering Conference on Sustainable Technology and Development (IEC)","volume":"84 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129650405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the New Quasi-Newton Equation for Unconstrained Optimization","authors":"Basim A. Hassan, Abdulrahman R. Ayoob","doi":"10.1109/IEC54822.2022.9807584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEC54822.2022.9807584","url":null,"abstract":"Quasi-Newton methods (QN) are very useful in finding the optimal solution to the unconstrained optimization problems. The updated Hessian approximations fulfill the equation on each iteration for solving unconstrained optimization problems, hence the quasi-Newton equation is commonly used as the foundation of quasi-Newton algorithms. We propose and examine a novel quasi-Newton technique and its implementation in this research, which uses cubic interpolation to generate a new quasi-Newton equation. Our updates have been proved to produce positive definite matrices when appropriate assumptions are made. The improved BFGS approach has been shown to have global convergence. Comparing the suggested formula to the BFGS method, numerical results reveal that it is better and more efficient.","PeriodicalId":265954,"journal":{"name":"2022 8th International Engineering Conference on Sustainable Technology and Development (IEC)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134328865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Speed - Density Relationships of Urban Road in Erbil City using Moving Vehicle Method","authors":"B. C. Zero, N. Ali","doi":"10.1109/IEC54822.2022.9807495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEC54822.2022.9807495","url":null,"abstract":"Traffic flow estimates are very important in the planning and designing process for all aspects of the road. Basically, it is the observer of the moving vehicles that counts the number of oncoming vehicles passing through a road of a certain length. If the average speed of the moving vehicle, length of road and trip time is known, then the flow rate can be calculated. This study investigated the feasibility and accuracy of using this method for urban roads, many of which have low flow rates. A risk analysis approach was used to simulate moving observer surveys on roads with low flow rates. The Results show that this method does not provide an accurate flow unless you run a large number of unrealistic moving observers. The present study extends the basic concept of linear, Logarithmic and exponential method for speed-density relation to mixed traffic condition and attempts to develop speed equations for different categories of vehicles generally found on an urban road in Erbil. The space mean speed values observed between 21 and 79 Km/hr for the data MVM on road sections. All models obtained from MVM data are also of significant relation between parameters (values) on all sections and their range of densities is 5 to 75 pc/km/lane. The free flow speed is not of significant difference except on sections (3-4) and (4-3) which might be due to peak hour work (8 to 10) am and (16 to 18) pm and the nature of this location being in commercial zone.","PeriodicalId":265954,"journal":{"name":"2022 8th International Engineering Conference on Sustainable Technology and Development (IEC)","volume":"2011 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127371436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IEC 2022 Cover Page","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/iec54822.2022.9807453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/iec54822.2022.9807453","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":265954,"journal":{"name":"2022 8th International Engineering Conference on Sustainable Technology and Development (IEC)","volume":"470 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123660441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of Gate Openings and Lip Shapes on Upstream Pressure Coefficient of Dam's Vertical Lift Tunnel Gate","authors":"T. Ahmed","doi":"10.1109/IEC54822.2022.9807546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEC54822.2022.9807546","url":null,"abstract":"The vertical lift gates of the dam tunnel are exposed to the challenges of pressures due to reservoir different high heads and flow conditions, which accordingly, may have affected its performances and safety. In the current paper, the pressure distribution on the upstream face of dam tunnel gates was estimated experimentally using an arbitrary hydraulic model. The measurements were recorded, and the upstream pressure coefficient was assessed by integrating the measured pressure distribution surface area. Several variables that could influence the values and distributions of the upstream pressure coefficient were examined. The six different gate lip inclinations were subjected to the impact of full flow condition and the upstream pressure coefficient are evaluated for different stationary gate openings. The results showed that, for small gate opening ratios (Y/Yo) up to 30 %, the upstream pressure coefficients are high and generally increased as the gate height ratios (Z/Zo) increased. In addition, the use of lip gate shape (θ=45o) causes positive values of pressure coefficient, which reduces the possibility of cavitation phenomena.","PeriodicalId":265954,"journal":{"name":"2022 8th International Engineering Conference on Sustainable Technology and Development (IEC)","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117201041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Network Load Balancing in Teleconferencing Systems","authors":"Sanabil A. Mahmood, Marwa J. M. Zedan","doi":"10.1109/IEC54822.2022.9807468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEC54822.2022.9807468","url":null,"abstract":"Load balancing techniques are useful for efficient networking systems. In teleconferencing systems, it is not an easy job to balance the loads and obtain efficient performance. The current study tries to suggest a network-based approach for load balancing in teleconferencing systems. The aim is to make use of the concepts of graph theory in practicing and simulating teleconferencing systems. In the suggested approach, each computer in the network is considered as a vertex, an edge will be created between two vertices if they are accessible to each other. The weight of the edge between the two computers specifies the cost of access from one vertex to another. The task of transferring happens between the shortest ways of the two nodes taking into consideration the deadline time of the tasks. In terms of the number of the missed deadline tasks, the proposed approach reflected effectiveness in comparison with other approaches. Using the proposed, it is guarantee to obtain a smooth conferencing among users, which is beneficial for the teleconferencing and e-learning as well. Finally, this proposed method is useful for securing smooth conferencing during further lockdown situation (i.e., COVID situation).","PeriodicalId":265954,"journal":{"name":"2022 8th International Engineering Conference on Sustainable Technology and Development (IEC)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132885284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Performance Analysis of Multi-Rate Coherent BPSK-OCDMA Network for Multimedia Applications","authors":"M. A. Morsy","doi":"10.1109/IEC54822.2022.9807589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEC54822.2022.9807589","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the performance analysis of a coherent homodyne Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) network has been presented based on the Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) as a modulation scheme and Multi-Length Weighted Modified Prime Code (ML-WMPC) as a spreading code for multimedia applications. The Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and Bit Error Rate (BER) of this homodyne system has been proved as a function of the number of active users for different code lengths according to the provided media by the network such as audio, voice, and video. Besides, the Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) has been utilized as external phase modulator in homodyne detection. Furthermore, the receiver noise and Multiple Access Interference (MAI) are taken into consideration in the BER calculations. Finally, the results showed that the BPSK-OCDMA network can support more than 126 users from different media at the same time based on the use of ML-WMPC compared with 46 supported users in case of the existing Optical Orthogonal Code (OOC) is utilized.","PeriodicalId":265954,"journal":{"name":"2022 8th International Engineering Conference on Sustainable Technology and Development (IEC)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131018362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}