Urban & Regional Resilience eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Self-Reported Weather Shocks and Extreme Weather Data: Evidence From Vietnam","authors":"Trung-Thanh Nguyen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3507541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3507541","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of rural vulnerability to weather shocks requires an accurate exposure record. Both self-reported and weather data records have been used with potential biases. We are the first to evaluate these biases by constructing two comparable records: self-reported weather shocks from a rural household panel dataset and measured weather shocks from weather data. Despite their positive relationship and similar average welfare effects, the two records display a large discrepancy. Being endogenous, the self-reported record introduces the attenuation bias in analysing non-farm diversification in response to shocks. We suggest to instrument the self-reported shock with the measured shock for better analytical quality.","PeriodicalId":265524,"journal":{"name":"Urban & Regional Resilience eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129514443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Evaluation of Public Transportation System: Analyzing the Case of Dhaka, Bangladesh","authors":"R. Ahasan, A. Kabir","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3560667","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3560667","url":null,"abstract":"Performance evaluation of the public transportation system is gaining substantial importance and becoming a prerequisite to making the emerging urban life sustainable. Despite the presence of public transportation since the 1960s, efforts had never been made to evaluate the efficiency of the system in Dhaka city, the capital of Bangladesh. This research was conducted using performance measurement indicators that are detailed and indispensable in appraising the socio-economic condition of Dhaka city to assess the existing condition and performance of the public transportation system. Service and system efficiency, along with cost, utilization, and network efficiency were measured from both passengers and operator’s perspective for the evaluation process. The quality and the Level of Service found to be meager, which is the same in the case of efficiency for the system, network, and cost. The exception was observed only with the utilization of some system features. The single major cause related to every other problem of the existing transportation situation in the city found to be the congestion in the streets. However, the promising fact about the present system is the initiation of mass rapid transit options and the preparation of separate policy for the public transportation system of Dhaka.","PeriodicalId":265524,"journal":{"name":"Urban & Regional Resilience eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132846357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Governing the 'Good Citizen' and Shaping the 'Model City' to Tackle Climate Change: Materiality, Economic Discourse and Exemplarity","authors":"Roger Berquier, Delphine Gibassier","doi":"10.1108/sampj-02-2018-0038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/sampj-02-2018-0038","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000Cities are key actors in the fight against climate change. They have developed integrated strategies harnessing the power of information and communication technologies (ICT) as part of the move towards smart(er) cities. In spite of our knowledge of the role of technological infrastructure in tackling climate change, the role of governance mechanisms to actively pursue environmental sustainability is often understated. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyse governmentality mechanisms developed by a small town in Europe to render energy savings and new energy sources visible and to create new identities with which the citizen and other cities could then identify with, thereby participating in the fight against climate change.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Data were gathered through non-participant observation, interviews and access to internal data from the city’s energy control project.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The outcome of these governmentality mechanisms was to create two new identities: the “good citizen”, responsible to lower his impact on climate change, and the “model city”, a laboratory that would serve as a guide for future policies to tackle climate change at the city level. While the “model city” was successful and identification happened with other small cities taking example from it, the “good citizen” failed and inhabitants did not identify with this role model that was defined for them as a way to participate in the fight against climate change.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000This case study is a concrete example, based on a longitudinal study, of a city’s strategy and actions on climate change. Other small cities will be able to use this case study to gauge their possibilities for action on climate change. Notably, it is an example of how a network of mechanisms can achieve results in CO2 emissions reduction. It also demonstrates the difficulty to enrol citizens into an environmental sustainability scheme.\u0000\u0000\u0000Social implications\u0000This paper has implications for how climate change can be tackled in rural areas by small cities. While the role of organizations and large cities (e.g. C40 city network) has been acknowledged, there is a possibility for smaller local actors to act upon grand challenges with local strategies and their own governmentality mechanisms.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The case study contributes to the literature on cities, bringing new insights into how they can become actors of climate change beyond acting on internal controls, and the literature on governmentality by demonstrating how mechanisms can act upon a population without being calculative.\u0000","PeriodicalId":265524,"journal":{"name":"Urban & Regional Resilience eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133273211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Change and the Public Trust Doctrine in Oregon: A Law Professors' Amicus Brief","authors":"M. Blumm, M. Wood","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3420549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3420549","url":null,"abstract":"This brief to the Oregon Supreme Court supports youth plaintiffs' claims that the state's failure to develop and implement a scientifically based plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to avoid a climate catastrophe violates the state's public trust doctrine. The brief reviews the history and application of the state's public trust doctrine in some detail. One-hundred and seven law professors from all over the country and the world signed on to the brief.","PeriodicalId":265524,"journal":{"name":"Urban & Regional Resilience eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129416031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reassessing Sampling Bias in Climate-Conflict Research","authors":"Cullen S. Hendrix, Tasia Poinsatte","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3440207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3440207","url":null,"abstract":"Is research into the links between climate change and conflict biased, and does this bias undermine our ability to draw conclusions about climate-conflict links? Adams et al. (2018, henceforth AIBD) argue the literature on climate-conflict links suffers from endemic sample selection bias. Because of this, the literature overstates links between climate change and conflict. In this article, we revisit the issue of sampling bias in climate-conflict research using a broader measure of scholarly interest based on bibliometric data from Google Scholar searches of some leading journals in the climate-conflict literature. We find i) weaker evidence of sampling on the dependent variable (armed conflict), but some sampling on types of conflict that fit with posited mechanisms and conflict typologies in the climate-conflict literature, and argue that some oversampling of conflict-prone cases may be a warranted; ii) researchers are sampling on the independent variable, with countries more exposed to climate stress receiving more attention; and iii) even stronger evidence of a streetlight effect, with former British colonies and countries of more general interest to scholars and the international community — as proxied by country-specific studies indexed by the Library of Congress and UNESCO World Heritage Sites — receiving greater attention. Thus, our findings both confirm and challenge existing conclusions in the debate over sampling bias in climate-conflict research. While researchers are sampling on climate change stress, the streetlight effect is stronger than previously suggested. This streetlight effect poses significant challenges for research and policy communities: how confidently can we generalize from well-studied cases? Does the streetlight effect diminish our ability to identify the specific economic, political, and social contexts in which climate-related conflicts occur? And finally, should funding agencies take the accumulating evidence for a streetlight effect into account when making funding decisions and prioritizing particular countries and world regions?","PeriodicalId":265524,"journal":{"name":"Urban & Regional Resilience eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123791629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paying for Mitigation: How New Zealand Can Contribute to Others’ Efforts","authors":"Suzi Kerr, Catherine Leining","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3477065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3477065","url":null,"abstract":"Purchasing international emission reductions (IERs) can help New Zealand make a more ambitious and cost-effective contribution toward global climate change mitigation and support developing countries in accelerating their low-emission transition. However, New Zealand must avoid past mistakes by ensuring international purchasing does not derail its own decarbonisation pathway. Furthermore, the Paris Agreement has fundamentally changed how countries will trade IERs over the 2021–30 period. This working paper, which evolved under Motu’s ETS Dialogue process from 2016 to 2018, focuses on how we can balance our international and domestic mitigation efforts. It explores how many IERs we may want, how we should integrate international mitigation support with participants’ obligations under the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme (NZ ETS), and what mechanisms we can use to fund international mitigation effectively. Fundamentally, the New Zealand government will need to ensure that all IERs counted toward its targets and accepted in the NZ ETS have environmental integrity and are both approved and not double counted by seller and buyer governments. This paper presents a working model for New Zealand’s purchase of IERs, in which the quantity is controlled by government, purchasing is managed by government for the foreseeable future (with potential participation by private entities), and the quantity is factored into decisions on the NZ ETS cap and price management mechanisms. If NZ ETS participants are able to purchase IERs in the future, then a quantity limit should apply as a percentage of the surrender obligation and the volume should offset other supply under the cap. The paper also highlights an innovative “climate team” mechanism for international climate change cooperation that could facilitate purchasing by the New Zealand government. Two companion working papers address interactions between decisions on international purchasing and the choice of NZ ETS cap and price management mechanisms. The three working papers elaborate on an integrated proposal for managing unit supply, prices, and linking in the NZ ETS that was presented in Kerr et al. (2017).","PeriodicalId":265524,"journal":{"name":"Urban & Regional Resilience eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123700881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Change and Sustainable Development: Special Context to Paris Agreement","authors":"P. Sharma, P. Payal","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3356829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3356829","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainable development is basic requirement to cope up with the hazardous nature of climate change. Climate change and its consequences in our daily lives have been a universally recognized major problem since decades. We are experiencing varying weather patterns, rising sea levels, and extreme climate conditions day by day. It is rising due to excessive emissions of Greenhouse gases from several human development activities which is now at its highest level. The Paris Agreement brought the nations closer for the first time into a common cause of determined actions to combat climate change and encouraging enhanced support to developing countries in this regard. The Paris Agreement central aim is to strengthen the global response to the threat of climate change. This paper is majorly focusing on governance of Goal 13 of SDGs which has been a matter of multi-decadal debate. After various significant agreements on climate change, Paris agreement 2015 was adopted by countries at COP 21 in Paris which underwent a great hostility of nations. This paper also includes the economic impact of Global Warming in the world.","PeriodicalId":265524,"journal":{"name":"Urban & Regional Resilience eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123204212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal and Periodic Autoregressive Time Series Models Used for Forecasting Analysis of Rainfall Data","authors":"S. Kaur, Madhuchanda Rakshit","doi":"10.34218/ijaret.10.1.2019.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.34218/ijaret.10.1.2019.023","url":null,"abstract":"The amount of rainfall received over an area is an important factor in assessing availability of water to meet various demands for agriculture, industry, irrigation, generation of hydroelectricity and other human activities. In our study, we consider seasonal and periodic time series models for statistical analysis of rainfall data of Punjab, India. In this research paper we apply the Seasonal Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average and Periodic autoregressive model to analyse the rainfall data of Punjab. For evaluation of the model identification and periodic stationarity the statistical tool used are PeACF and PePACF. For model comparison we use Root mean square percentage error and forecast encompassing test. The results of this research will provide local authorities to develop strategic plans and appropriate use of available water resources.","PeriodicalId":265524,"journal":{"name":"Urban & Regional Resilience eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115059459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future Climate Wealth of Nations","authors":"Julia M. Puaschunder","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3275029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3275029","url":null,"abstract":"A 3-dimensional climate justice approach introduces to share the benefits and burden of climate change in an economically efficient, legally equitable and practically feasible way around the globe. Climate justice within a country pays tribute to low- and high income households carrying the same burden proportional to their dispensable income through consumption tax, progressive carbon taxation and a corporate inheritance tax. Climate change burden sharing between countries ensures those countries benefiting more from a warmer environment bear higher responsibility regarding climate change mitigation and adaptation. Climate justice over time is proposed by an innovative bonds climate change burden sharing strategy (Puaschunder, 2018, forthcoming).","PeriodicalId":265524,"journal":{"name":"Urban & Regional Resilience eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127108832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Analyzing and Measuring Dynamic Economic Resilience","authors":"A. Rose, N. Dormady","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3271921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3271921","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter places into the broader context of an analytical framework recent research findings and policy initiatives relating to dynamic economic resilience, which is usually defined as speeding up and/or shortening the duration of recovery from disasters. Our purpose is to offer insights into the operation and implications of both of these innovations. The first pertains to research that indicates that accelerating the pace of economic recovery has much greater potential for reducing disaster losses than does compressing its duration. The second pertains to supplementing the constructing and protecting of the built environment with the resilience strategy of embedding ways of repairing and reconstructing it more quickly in the aftermath of a disaster. We first provide a context for the analysis. We next explain why the standard definition of dynamic economic resilience should be augmented to consider the entire time-path of recovery. We then explain the concept of inherent dynamic economic resilience and indicate how both innovations help clarify its definition. We conclude with an outline of our ongoing research to measure dynamic economic resilience.","PeriodicalId":265524,"journal":{"name":"Urban & Regional Resilience eJournal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125840875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}