Analele Banatului XX 2012最新文献

{"title":"Electoral practices in a changing world: study case of the Patriots’ Union Organization. Bihor county organization (1945-1947)","authors":"Gabriel Moisa","doi":"10.55201/pchb5996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/pchb5996","url":null,"abstract":"Situated in the category of “the traveler fellows” of the communists, the Patriots’ Union of Romania played an important role in the eff ort to conquer the power, along with other such structures as Plowmen Front, Hungarian People’s Union, Patriotic Defense etc.The Union of Patriots was founded by the communist circles in Romania as an illegal organization in the summer of 1942, in order to contribute to fi nalize a comprehensive internal opposition as against the war unleashed against the Soviet Union. After August 23rd 1944, its work was quickly redirected in order to un-fascism the country.","PeriodicalId":265051,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XX 2012","volume":"210 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124721399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Situaţia financiar-bancară în judeţul Severin (1944-1948) (III) / The Banking -Financial Situation In The Severin District(1944-1948) (III)","authors":"Eusebiu Narai","doi":"10.55201/elmo9707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/elmo9707","url":null,"abstract":"“Cărăşana”, saving-bank Lugoj, founded in the end of XIX century, was futher adapting to the economical climate from the area, owning semnifi cants participants at many enterprises from the country. Also it has been through hard times in 1939–1941, the savingbank has managed to help the development of agriculture, trade and local industries. # e process of „romanization”of Lugoj’s bank continued even in 1944–1948, jewis didnot took part of it’s shareholder. # e constantly support given by „# e Bank Of Timişoara”A.S., Timişoara aloud the development of the activity of the institute of credits from Lugoj after the second world war. Even if the society of „Cărăşana” became in the year of 1947, the only bank from Severin district that supposed to fi nance the industries from the county, all thanks to some aberrants measures and strong control from the state in crediting politics, the fi nancial situation got worse in the beginig of 1948, still has got cash and was capable of unfolding it’s activity in one onorable way. Even with all these, the case of abolition of the remembered bank was disposed. With similar problems others banks-institutions were dealing with in Severin district: „Poporal Bank”, „Institute of credits and savings, Caransebeş, „First Saving House”, „A.Sp. Caransebeş”, „Romanian Bank”, „A.S. Bucharestbranch of Caransebeş","PeriodicalId":265051,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XX 2012","volume":"48 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131244770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Traian Vuia – reprezentant de frunte al aviaţiei mondiale","authors":"Vasile Dudaș","doi":"10.55201/qsce7579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/qsce7579","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":265051,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XX 2012","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132390774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ceramic human head from Deta (Timiş County). About the La Tène vessels with anthropomorphic decoration from the Carpathian Basin","authors":"A. Rustoiu","doi":"10.55201/sdue1277","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/sdue1277","url":null,"abstract":"# e ceramic human head discussed in this article was discovered in 1904 at Deta by B. Milleker, being now preserved in the Museum of Vršac. # e main aim of this article is to identify the context of discovery, as well as the chronology and the type of this artefact. At the same time the analysis is taking into consideration the wider cultural signifi cance of the vessels decorated with anthropomorphic elements within the Late Iron Age context in the Carpathian Basin, as well as in connection with the relationships between Celtic communities and the eastern Mediterranean area. # e human head from Deta belonged to a vessel having anthropomorphic handles, a beaker or more probably a kantharos. # e artefact must have come from a destroyed grave. According to its context of discovery and taking into consideration other analogies, the piece can be dated to the La Tène C1, more precisely to the second half of the 3rd century BC. # e vessels with anthropomorphic handles are the result of the contacts between Celtic communities from the Carpathian Basin and the eastern Mediterranean region. # e appearance of these vessels with anthropomorphic details fulfi lled certain demands related to particular rituals and convivial practices, specifi c to the Carpathian Basin. # e contacts with the eastern Mediterranean area, their transmission through Macedonian and northern Balkans fi lters, as well as the local interpretation of these impulses lead to the appearance of certain aspects of culture and civilization specifi c to the eastern Celtic world, having certain inner Carpathians nuances.","PeriodicalId":265051,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XX 2012","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116730817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Historic geography and archaeological topography at Bulci and Căpâlnaş","authors":"Dumitru Țeicu","doi":"10.55201/lnqk7463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/lnqk7463","url":null,"abstract":"The Mureş Valley was alike a geographic and a cultural corridor lengthways of which people, ideas and goods have run since the prehistoric age till the dawn of the modern one. Obvious vestiges of ground and wall defensive structures that kept a check on that geographic corridor can be found throughout the river middle and lower stream.","PeriodicalId":265051,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XX 2012","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128280661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cotele obligatorii şi ţărănimea în judeţul Timiş – Torontal 1945 – 1948 / Compulsory Quotas And The Peasantry In Timiş-Torontal County 1945 – 1948","authors":"Ionuţ Raul Rus","doi":"10.55201/ehma1540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/ehma1540","url":null,"abstract":"! e present article aims to present – using archival information – a phenomenon newly appeared in the Romanian post-war society, phenomenon that seems to be typical rather for the times of war and occupation: the forced taking over of products (compulsory quotas) through which the State simply confi scated an important part from the harvest of the farmers and the reaction of the peasantry from Timiș-Torontal county at the collecting. ! e method was of Soviet inspiration, experienced since the civil war that troubled Russia at the end of the First World War. ! ey were for the fi rst time applied in Romania in the year 1945 to a peasantry impoverished by the years of war, by the requisitions performed by the Soviet troops of occupation, by the drought and hunger which haunted a great part of the country during 1946–1947.In the terms of dramatic decrease of the agricultural production caused by the war, the collecting off ered a quick answer at the feeding needs of the urban population and at the economic exploitation of the country by the Soviet occupation power, two diffi cult tasks which the bankrupt economic policy of the communist regime couldn’t satisfy. Above all, the collecting proved to be an instrument of the class struggle at the country side. ! e collecting system prepared the fi eld for the socialist agriculture structures installation, through deliberate decay of rich peasant establishments which resisted against collectivization and through reinforcement of the political control on the rural population. ! is exploitation system devitalized the rich peasant establishments, true engines of the rural economy, leading this way at the decay of the peasant communities. ! e collecting system was organized with the help of a developed legal framework, extremely repressive, that described accurately the obligations of the farmers and established severe punishments against those who refused to deliver the specifi ed quotas. It was implemented by the party machinery at the local level, supported by the local authorities, by militia and by justice.! e history of collecting can be divided into four distinct periods. ! e fi rst period, situated between the years 1945–1947, the second period between the years 1948–1952, the third period between the years 1953–1956 and the last period between the years 1957–1962, mark the transition from quotas to contracts, the pragmatism of the party policy in the matter of assuring the state fund through contracts strongly contrasted with the violent character of the collectivization after 1958.! e measure of introducing the compulsory quotas was received with discontent by the great majority of the peasants and the resistance at the phenomenon took diff erent shapes which are presented in this study together with the coercive measures brought into force by the state and party bodies on the peasants who refuse to deliver the imposed quotas.","PeriodicalId":265051,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XX 2012","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129517749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artileria cetăţii Timişoara la 1716 / The Guns Of The Fortress Of Timişoara (Temesvar) in 1716","authors":"Costin Feneșan","doi":"10.55201/xogs6388","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/xogs6388","url":null,"abstract":"On October 13, 1716, the ottoman garrison of Timişoara (Temesvar) surrendered after a 43 days lasting siege to fi eldmarshall prince Eugene of Savoy, commander in chief of the Habsburg army. According to the terms of capitulation, Mustafa pasha, the last governor (beylerbey) of Timişoara, was forced to hand over all the guns, shells and gunpowder located in the fortress. Until October 26, prince Eugene’s offi cers have made a full inventory-list (kept today in Vienna, at the Kriegsarchiv, and published by us) of the captured Ottoman artillery material. On this basis, we are now in position to rebuild the image of the Ottoman artillery at Timişoara in the eve of the siege from September-October 1716, as well as the losses suff ered during the 43 days of the battle.On August 31, being surrounded, the ottoman fortress of Timişoara – the largest in the region after the fortress of Belgrade – was defended by 156 guns: 123 bronze fi eldguns (with calibers ranging from a quarter pound to 48 pounds/weight of the shells), 16 iron fi eldguns (with calibers ranging from half a pound to 70 pounds), 9 bronze morters (with calibers ranging from 60 to l00 pounds) end 8 howitzers (with calibers ranging from one pound to 48 pounds). During the siege, 62 guns (41%) were completely destroyed, while 92 pieces (59%) survived, being used by the Imperials to defend Timi şoara. 120 guns (76,9% from the originally 156 were small caliber pieces (from a quarter pound to 12 pounds), 23 (14,8%) were medium caliber guns (from 15 to 36 pounds) and the remaining 13 were heavy caliber pieces (from 48 to 100 pounds). 84 guns of Timişoara (53,8%) were made in Ottoman gunneries, while the remaining 72 (46,2%) were German, Austrian and Transylvanian pieces from the 16th–17th centuries, seized by the Ottoman army during the battles with the Habsburgic troops. While 41 ottoman guns (48,9%) were completely des troyed during the siege, the remaining 43 (51,1%) have been kept by the Imperials to defend Timişoara. As for the occidental guns, only 5 pieces were prior to 1552, when the fortress of Timişoara was taken after an Ottoman siege. Other 8 guns were from the second half of the 16th century, among them 2 Transylvanian pieces, most probably seized by the Ottomans during the unsuccesful siege of Timişoara by prince Sigismund Bathory in 1597. Several pieces are marked with the name of the German, Austrian or Italian gunmaster (e.g. from Nürnberg, Augsburg, Pressburg, Salzburg, Cremona or Milan) and the date of their manufacture. & e 35 German and Austrian guns from the 17th century – most of them from the last two decades – landed in Timişoara as a result of the military clashes between the Habsburgs and the Ottomanic Porte, especially during the long war from 1683 to 1699. At the same time, we have to point out, that the Ottoman fortress of Timişoara was very well provided with shells and gunpowder. After its surrender, the imperial army captures here 13.022 diff erent shells, 2.823 c","PeriodicalId":265051,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XX 2012","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116023196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Activity of Air Vice Marshal Donald F. Stevenson, Head of the British Military Mission in Romania (1944–1945)","authors":"Marian-Alin Dudoi","doi":"10.55201/sffr5025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/sffr5025","url":null,"abstract":"# e Air Vice Marshal Donald F. Stevenson was the Head of the British Section in the Romanian Allied Control Commission [hereafter ACC], controled by the Soviet representatives, from the autumn of 1944 until the autumn of 1947; the War Offi ce and the Foreign Offi ce also called him during the activity in Romania with the title “Commissioner”; his military rank was equivalent to a two star General. According to the note prepared for the visit to his sovereign, King George VI, on the 13th of April 1945, his function was „the British representative on the Allied Control Commission and the Head of British Military Mission in Romania”. His character truly denoted the features of a gentleman and, because of that, he lacked the ability for compromises in politics. Stevenson had been Air Aide-de-Camp to King George VI (1939–1940).# e study was based on Foreign Offi ce microfi ches that were analysed at the Romanian National Archives. Stevenson reported to War Offi ce, but in most cases War Offi ce sent copies to Foreign Offi ce; the British Political Representative in Romania was a diplomat and reported to Foreign Offi ce. Concerning the name “Romania”, British spelt “Roumania” and the Americans “Rumania”.","PeriodicalId":265051,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XX 2012","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115850742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The end of the roman habitation at Buridava (Stolniceni, Vâlcea county)","authors":"Silviu I. Purece","doi":"10.55201/hink1677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/hink1677","url":null,"abstract":"# e fi ve archaeological levels identifi ed in the Roman baths complex area at Stolniceni, dated in the period of the existence of Dacia Province, were chronologically dated as following: the 1st level: Trajan- the fi rst part of Antoninus Pius’rule, the 2nd level: the last part of Antoninus Pius’rule up to Commodus’rule, the 3rd level: the Commodus – Caracalla period, the 4th level: the Caracalla – Philippus Arabs period and the 5th level: the Philippus Arabs-Aurelian period. # e end of these fi ve levels mentioned above was brought about by fi re and destruction, the most powerful ones were characteristic to the 3rd and 4th levels. Even if the archaeological information is scarce, we believe that we can rely on the supposition that some phenomena that were identifi ed in the thermae area might have had a great impact on the whole settlement. # e diff erence between accidental destructions and intentional destructions can be established due to a vast array of information obtained not only form the site in question but also from a larger area. # us, we consider that this approach should rely entirely on the historical information obtained as a result of a thorough analysis of the hoards horizon. Every hoards horizons represented in the region are associated with one destruction moment from the Roman baths, with one exception the horizon from the year 260. # is situation determine us to reevaluate the chronological situation and to establish that is very possible to place the end of the Roman Buridava not in the time of Aurelian but at the beginning of Gallienus reign as sole emperor.","PeriodicalId":265051,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XX 2012","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132381663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colecţia de iatagane a Muzeului Banatului Timişoara / The Yataghans Collection Of The Banat Museum","authors":"Zoran Marcov","doi":"10.55201/rnau8442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55201/rnau8442","url":null,"abstract":"! e yataghan falls into the category of large knives, usually presenting a curved blade, made of high quality steel. ! is kind of weapon consists of a single-edged blade, necessarily disposed inward. An important characteristic of the yataghan is represented by the hilt that stands out due to the specifi c pommels, that spreads at the top intosmall wings curved inwards, usually known as ‘ears’. ! e pommels are perfectly shaped to allow the weapon’s easy handling, the ears having the role to prevent the hilt slipping out of the hand when used in battle. If necessary, the yataghan’s ‘ears’ might prove themselves useful as bolsters for shooting the longrifl e. In time, specialized literature has presented some confusions regarding the name and the shape of the yataghan. Studying this type of weapon, many authors did not make a clear distinction between yataghans and handjars, often the term ‘yataghan’ being used erroneously to designate all oriental swords. Regarding the roots of this type of weapon, the yataghan is a sabre of Oriental origin, according to some sources originating from India wherefrom it was expanded through the whole East. ! e shape of the yataghans have not changed much in time, the specifi c characteristics of this kind of weapon contributing mainly in this respect: the remarkable force to strike and chop. Due to the weapon’s particular shape, the force of impact is concentrated at the tip of the blade. ! e yataghan was the perfect choice for a close fi ght but also during a skirmish. Even when fi rearms gained supremacy in the battlefi eld, the yataghan was also kept in the janissary standard harness especially due to its remarkable technical qualities. As it concerns the color and the material used to craft the pommels, the Serbo-Croatian-Bosnian specialized literature (excepting Constantinople, most of the Balkan yataghans were crafted in the former Yugoslav territory during the XVIII and XIX centuries, the most famous manufactory being at Foča – today in Bosnia and Herzegovina) classifi es yataghans as it followes: belosapce (having the pommels made of ivory or of other bones of light color), crnosapce (having ears made of buff alo black horn or of wood) and those with metallic hilts, often overlaid with silver. ! ere are also brass-hilted yataghans. Regarding the shape of the blades, yataghans can be classifi ed into straight blades and curved blades. ! ere were many manufactories in the Balkan Peninsula: Travnik, Foča, Sarajevo, Herceg Novi, Kotor, Risan, Užice, Prizren and Skopje. ! e yataghans produces in these manufactories were exclusively handicraft products. ! e collection of weapons held by ! e Banat Museum owns 30 yataghans, recorded in the History Department’s fi les. An important particularity of the museum’s collection is given by the great number (17 of 30 weapons) of crnosapci yataghans, horn-hilted or dark bone-hilted weapons. Unlike ! e Banat Museum collection, the belosapci with ears made of ivory or other t","PeriodicalId":265051,"journal":{"name":"Analele Banatului XX 2012","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122713295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}