Magna Scientia Advanced Biology and Pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"Anti-diarrheal effects of ethanol leaf extract of Eleusine Indica in Castor Oil induced diarrhea using mice model","authors":"Chima Ernest Orji, Nkemakonam Chinecherem Madu, Izunna Somadina Okwelogu, Josephat Chekwube Obasi, Chinenye Henrietta Nedum, Cyril Onyeka Ogbue, Victoria Nonyelum Olli, Jude Nnaemeka. Okoyeh","doi":"10.30574/msabp.2024.12.2.0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/msabp.2024.12.2.0031","url":null,"abstract":"Ancient civilizations employed medicinal herbs to treat ailments. Medicinal herbs are essential for treating chronic disorders. Different medicinal plants can treat comparable ailments, depending on the country. In many rural communities in developing countries, particularly in Africa, therapeutic medicines and remedies derived from indigenous plants are almost invariably the only readily available and cost-effective alternatives to traditional diarrhea medicines. The study aims to evaluate the anti-diarrheal activity of the Eleusine indica ethanol extract in mice. The study used fresh Eleusine indica leaves. The extracts were administered at concentrations of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg for 28 days. On the 29th, the rats were induced with diarrhea, and blood samples were collected through the retro-orbital plexus before being sacrificed. The serum from the collected blood was used to run hematological and electrolyte tests. The liver and kidney function tests were analyzed using standard methods. The determination of antidiarrheal activity was done using the following models: Castor oil (CO) induced diarrhea, CO induced enteropooling activity, and CO induced gastrointestinal motility. The 80% ethanol extract produced significant (p<0.001) antidiarrheal activity in all three models tested. The hematological, renal, hepatic, and electrolyte parameters of extract-treated mice were not significantly (p > 0.05) different from those of the control group. There was no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) in the chloride, sodium, potassium, calcium, and bicarbonate levels of the extract-treated groups when compared to the control group. The findings of the studies demonstrated the antidiarrheal activities of Eleusine indica leaves, which could be a therapeutic option against diarrhea.","PeriodicalId":263752,"journal":{"name":"Magna Scientia Advanced Biology and Pharmacy","volume":"9 34","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why preclinical testing of medical devices is important to health care communities?","authors":"King Solmon Ebenezer, Rekha Manivanan, Chidambaram Tamilselvan, Keerthana Namachivayam, Nishanthi Thirugnasambandham","doi":"10.30574/msabp.2024.12.2.0043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/msabp.2024.12.2.0043","url":null,"abstract":"Medical devices is a crucial to modern medicine because they aid in the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of a wide range of medical conditions. The effectiveness, biocompatibility, and risks of the devices need to be validated in animals before they could be successfully and safely implemented in clinical practice. In this preclinical evaluation stage, animal models continue to act as an essential bridge between in vitro experiments and human clinical trials. The basic biocompatibility tests and the significance of using animals in medical device testing are discussed in this communication.","PeriodicalId":263752,"journal":{"name":"Magna Scientia Advanced Biology and Pharmacy","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the ecological impact of fisheries management strategies in Georgia, USA: A review on current practices and future directions","authors":"David Oche Idoko, Mary Ofosua Danso, Toyosi Motilola Olala, Helena Nbeu Nkula, Manuel and Akan Ime Ibokette","doi":"10.30574/msabp.2024.12.2.0041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/msabp.2024.12.2.0041","url":null,"abstract":"Effective fisheries management is crucial for maintaining the ecological balance and sustainability of marine ecosystems. This review paper examines the current fisheries management strategies employed in the state of Georgia, USA, and evaluates their ecological impact. The review synthesizes existing research on the implementation and outcomes of various management approaches, including gear restrictions, catch limits, seasonal closures, and marine protected areas. It analyzes the efficacy of these strategies in conserving target species, mitigating bycatch, and preserving the overall health of coastal and estuarine environments. Furthermore, the paper identifies emerging challenges, such as the impacts of climate change and shifting species distributions, and explores potential future directions for fisheries management in Georgia. The findings of this review aim to inform policymakers, resource managers, and stakeholders about the strengths and limitations of current practices, and provide recommendations for developing more comprehensive and adaptive management frameworks to ensure the long-term ecological resilience of Georgia's marine ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":263752,"journal":{"name":"Magna Scientia Advanced Biology and Pharmacy","volume":"4 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141796091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possible alteration in serum ferritin level in malaria infected HIV seropositive individuals in Nauth, Nnewi, Nigeria","authors":"Kalu Anya Ofia, Nkiruka Rose Ukibe, Paul Isaac Emeje, Augustine Chinedu Ihim, Emmanuel Onyebuchi Ikeh, Ezinne Gloria Ukibe, Blessing Chinyere Ukibe, Ezennia Victory Ukibe","doi":"10.30574/msabp.2024.12.2.0040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/msabp.2024.12.2.0040","url":null,"abstract":"The role of Ferritin in monitoring disease progression in immune compromised HIV individuals with an underlying active infection like malaria is a subject of growing research. Ferritin being an acute phase protein, plays important role in assessing the range of damage due to inflammation in immunosuppressed patients leaving in highly endemic malaria regions. The levels of serum ferritin in malaria infected HIV positive individuals in Nnamdi Azikiwe University teaching hospital (NAUTH), Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria, was assessed. Questionnaire was used to obtain the demographic details of the participants, and to rule out other inflammatory infections. 88 participants of the age group 18 - 65 years, comprising 24 with HIV infection, 22 with HIV and Malaria co-infection, 22 with Malaria infection, and a control group of 22 individuals with neither HIV nor malaria infection were randomly recruited. Ferritin level was determined using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technique and a cross sectional prospective study design was used. A significantly high mean serum ferritin level was observed in HIV infected individuals with and/ or without malaria co-infection than in malaria positive and control group (p<0.05 respectively). Serum ferritin level was significantly higher in female participants than in male counterparts (p < 0.05). Serum ferritin level was significantly higher in individuals with CD4 count >500 than in CD4 count ≤ 500 (p < 0.05). Blood pressure was significantly higher in HIV infected and malaria positive individuals when compared with controls. The increased serum ferritin level and higher blood pressure in HIV infected participants suggests active inflammatory process, reduced immunity and hypertension which may have worsened by malaria co-infection. This may subsequently lead to vascular and endothelia damage causing disease severity.","PeriodicalId":263752,"journal":{"name":"Magna Scientia Advanced Biology and Pharmacy","volume":"4 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141795857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing early detection of pancreatic cancer by integrating AI with advanced imaging techniques","authors":"David Oche Idoko, Moyosoore Mopelola Adegbaju, Nduka Ijeoma, Eke Kalu Okereke, John Audu Agaba, Amina Catherine Ijiga","doi":"10.30574/msabp.2024.12.2.0044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/msabp.2024.12.2.0044","url":null,"abstract":"Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal malignancies, with a five-year survival rate of less than 10%, primarily due to late-stage diagnosis and rapid disease progression. Early detection is critical for improving patient outcomes, yet current diagnostic methods lack the sensitivity and specificity needed for effective screening. This review explores the integration of advanced imaging techniques with artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance the early detection of pancreatic cancer. Emphasizing a biological approach, we examine the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms that contribute to the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer and how they manifest in imaging data. Key imaging modalities, including high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT), and positron emission tomography (PET), are evaluated for their efficacy in visualizing pancreatic abnormalities. AI algorithms, particularly machine learning and deep learning, are discussed in the context of their ability to analyze complex imaging datasets, identify subtle biomarkers, and predict disease onset with high accuracy. We delve into the biological markers that AI algorithms can detect, such as changes in the tumor microenvironment, alterations in tissue architecture, and specific molecular signatures of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Furthermore, the integration of AI with molecular imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging (PET-MRI) and optical coherence tomography (OCT), is explored to provide a multi-faceted approach to early diagnosis. The review also highlights the potential of combining AI-driven imaging with liquid biopsies and genomics to create a comprehensive diagnostic framework. By leveraging the power of AI to interpret complex biological data, we propose a novel paradigm for the early detection of pancreatic cancer, aiming to improve screening protocols, enable timely therapeutic interventions, and ultimately enhance patient survival rates. In supposition, the integration of AI with advanced imaging techniques holds significant promise for revolutionizing the early detection of pancreatic cancer. Continued research and clinical validation are essential to translate these technological advancements into routine clinical practice, offering hope for better prognostic outcomes in patients with this devastating disease.","PeriodicalId":263752,"journal":{"name":"Magna Scientia Advanced Biology and Pharmacy","volume":"7 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141796289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"N-acetyl cysteine and zinc sulphate ameliorated crude oil-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar rats","authors":"Odiki Ochuko, Naiho Alexander Obidike, Oyovwi Mega Obukohwo","doi":"10.30574/msabp.2023.10.2.0072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/msabp.2023.10.2.0072","url":null,"abstract":"Even while crude oil offers many advantages, its toxic chemical composition has been shown to negatively interfere with the body's ability to maintain homeostasis. This investigation examined the effects of crude oil on the liver function of Wistar rats as well as the protective effects of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and zinc sulphate (ZnSO4). The experimental group and control group consisted of 42 Wistar rats, which were divided into groups of six each. The experimental group had six groups, while the control group only consumed food and water. In the experimental group, three groups received a diet contaminated with crude oil for two, three, and four weeks, respectively. In addition, another three groups received NAC (100 mg/kg), ZnSO4 (0.5 mg/kg), and a combination of NAC and ZnSo4 for three weeks each. Rats' body weights were recorded both before and after the administration of crude oil. Using commercial kits and histological examinations carried out using conventional histopathological methods, the liver's toxicity was assessed. As a result of eating food contaminated with crude oil, the results showed a significant drop (p < 0.05) in body weight. Additionally, there was liver cell injury. The levels of alkaline phosphatase and alanine transaminase considerably increased. Histological analysis revealed abnormal changes to the liver's typical structure. NAC and ZnSO4 therapy reduced the elevated Alanine transaminase and alkaline phosphatase levels. The study's findings highlight the negative impacts of crude oil and the therapeutic effects of NAC and ZnSO4.","PeriodicalId":263752,"journal":{"name":"Magna Scientia Advanced Biology and Pharmacy","volume":" 45","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139140040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Removal of dyes using chemically modified elephant grass in single and binary-component system","authors":"Oluwaseun Adekoya Adelaja","doi":"10.30574/msabp.2023.10.2.0074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/msabp.2023.10.2.0074","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigated the potential use of citric acid-treated Elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum), as an adsorbent for the removal of various dyes (Congo red, Erichrome black T, methyl red, and thymol blue) from aqueous solutions. The effects of initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, and temperature on the adsorption capacity of the dyes were evaluated. The results showed that Pennisetum purpureum had a high adsorption capacity for all dyes, with maximum adsorption efficiencies ranging from 74% to 98.92%, depending on the dye type and experimental conditions. The highest adsorption efficiency was recorded at 10 mg/L initial concentration for most of the dyes. The optimum adsorbent dosage was found to be 0.3 g for all dyes, except for Erichrome black T, which showed maximum adsorption capacity at 0.2 g. The maximum adsorption capacity for all dyes was observed at a temperature of 60°C, except for methyl red and thymol blue, which showed maximum adsorption at temperatures lower than 60°C. Overall, the results indicate that citric acid-treated Pennisetum purpureum has great potential as an effective and sustainable adsorbent for the removal of various dyes from wastewater.","PeriodicalId":263752,"journal":{"name":"Magna Scientia Advanced Biology and Pharmacy","volume":" 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139141772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of age and gender on malaria knowledge among people attending Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo and University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Southeast Nigeria","authors":"Emmanuel Okoro Enyi, Ifeanyichukwu Romanus Iroha, Moses Nkechukwu Ikegbunam, Charles Okechukwu Esimone","doi":"10.30574/msabp.2023.10.2.0076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/msabp.2023.10.2.0076","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria is responsible for most morbidity and fatality in Sub-Saharan Africa, with Nigeria having the highest proportion. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of age and gender on people’s knowledge towards malaria at Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, Imo and University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Southeast Nigeria. A hospital-based study was conducted on 500 participants attending health care. A well-structured questionnaire was administered to elicit information on socio-demographic characteristics and respondents’ knowledge on cause, signs and symptoms, and prevention of malaria. The socio-demographic variables for the respondents showed that 50.4% were male, while 49.6% were female; (34%, 66%) were < 11 years and ≥ 11 years respectively. The association of participants’ knowledge towards cause, signs and symptoms, and prevention of malaria with age was (< 11 years: Mean score = 28.8, 28.1, 34.9, SD = 3.8, 1.46, 11.2; ≥ 11 years: Mean score = 53.8, 63.3, 59.1, SD = 4.54, 0.91, 4.74) respectively. The association of respondents’ knowledge on malaria cause, signs and symptoms, and prevention with gender was (male: Mean score = 48.9, 50.47, 50.3 SD= 1.79, 0.58, 3.50; female: Mean score = 38.1, 40.9, 43.7, SD = 2.54, 1.48, 3.58) respectively. The older and the male study populace had better significant knowledge towards malaria with respect to cause, signs and symptoms, and prevention than their counterparts.","PeriodicalId":263752,"journal":{"name":"Magna Scientia Advanced Biology and Pharmacy","volume":" 46","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139141873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of antifungal botanical extracts on seed-borne fungi prevalence and germination of Terminalia ivorensis seeds in Ghana","authors":"Prince Cobbinah, John Doffour, Cosmas S. Abengmeneng, Ammal Abukari, Latif Iddrisu Nasare","doi":"10.30574/msabp.2023.10.2.0084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/msabp.2023.10.2.0084","url":null,"abstract":"The use of synthetic fungicides for the management of seed-borne pathogens are detrimental to human health and the environment. In view of this research was conducted to assess the effect of antifungal botanical extracts (garlic, neem and Senna alata) on seed-borne fungi prevalence and seed germination of Terminalia ivorensis seeds. Two major seed-borne fungi of two genera namely Aspergillus niger and Colletotrichum sp. were isolated from the seeds. There was a hundred percent incidence of seed-borne fungi infection of Terminalia ivorensis seeds. Aspergillus niger was predominant with an incidence of 91.7% while Colletotrichum sp. had an incidence of 8.3%. There were significant differences between treatments with respect to total seed-borne fungi prevalence. Seeds treated with Senna alata aqueous extract showed the highest 100.0% prevalence of total seed-borne fungi followed by seeds treated with neem (75.0%) whilst seeds treated with aqueous garlic extract recorded the least (8.3%) total seed-borne fungi prevalence. The highest (100.0%) prevalence of Aspergillus niger was recorded by seeds treated with Senna alata whilst the least (8.3%) recorded in seeds treated with garlic. Colletotrichum sp. was only prevalent on seed treated with Mancozeb 80% WP at 8.3%. Significant variations were observed between treatments regarding germination percentages of Terminalia ivorensis seeds. Seeds treated with garlic extract recorded the highest (50.0%) germination percentage whilst the lowest (21.7%) recorded by Senna alata. Treating forest tree seeds with garlic extract before sowing could inhibit the growth of fungal pathogens and therefore improve germination.","PeriodicalId":263752,"journal":{"name":"Magna Scientia Advanced Biology and Pharmacy","volume":" 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139139798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practice of breast self-examination and associated factors among female students of College of Health Technology, Aba, Abia State, Nigeria","authors":"Prince Ezenwa Ndubueze Onyemachi","doi":"10.30574/msabp.2023.10.2.0067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30574/msabp.2023.10.2.0067","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Breast cancer (BC) is a type of malignant tumor that starts in the cells of the breast and commonly occurs in women, particularly in low and middle-income countries. It has been described as the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women and the leading cause of cancer death globally. It demands immediate action to prevent and detect BC early through the different screening methods. To facilitate early detection of BC, practice on the screening methods is essential. Objective: To assess practice of breast self-examination and associated factors among female students of college of Health Technology, Aba, Abia State, Nigeria. Materials and methods: A descriptive-cross sectional study was conducted among female students of college of health technology Aba. Abia state. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain data from the female students which were entered into SPSS version 26 for analysis. Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify variables having a significant association with students’ knowledge. Results: The mean age of the respondents is 23±3.461, 398 (93.3%) students participated in the study with a non-responsive rate of 6.7%. Majority of the study participants 279 (70.1%) were in the 18-23 year-age group and 350 (87.9%) were single. The dominant tribe and religion were Igbo 380 (95.5%) and Christianity 387 (97.2%) respectively, 44 (11.1%) of them have children. One hundred and thirty-five (33.9%) had poor practice. Students’ aged ≤ 23 years (AOR; 5.210 p = 0.002), students’ husband educational level (AOR: 4.223, P=0.03), family history of breast cancer (AOR: 5.309, P=0.001) were statistically associated with students’ practice of BSE. Conclusion: Respondents had low level of practice of Breast self-examination. Husband’s educational level, marital status, family history of breast cancer age and were predators to knowledge of BSE.","PeriodicalId":263752,"journal":{"name":"Magna Scientia Advanced Biology and Pharmacy","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139201893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}