{"title":"Using redundant DC power in high availability systems","authors":"R.V. White","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2006.1620638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2006.1620638","url":null,"abstract":"Telephone central offices have used redundant -48 Vdc power for many years. Recently, the increasing adoption of the Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture (ATCA), which requires equipment operate from redundant -48 Vdc power, has renewed interest in this powering scheme. This paper reviews the three main ways to combine redundant -48 Vdc power to create isolated power rails for the system's circuits: diode ORing, independent dc-dc converters and multiple input dc-dc converters. Each method is compared and contrasted to the others with regards to cost, complexity and fault tolerance. Example implementations of each are shown. The paper then looks at making the diode ORing input method, popular because of its relative low cost, fault tolerant. The conclusion is that there is no one best way for all systems. Instead each system designer must understand their application and the tradeoffs among the three methods.","PeriodicalId":263412,"journal":{"name":"Twenty-First Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2006. APEC '06.","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115969661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An inductance profile demodulator based observer for sensorless control of switched reluctance motors","authors":"Jinhui Zhang, A. Radun, C. Ferreira","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2006.1620554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2006.1620554","url":null,"abstract":"An alternative strategy to control the SRM without a position sensor is proposed. Sensing currents are injected into idle SRM phases. The sensing currents are then demodulated to generate an error function that is input to a state observer. This inductance profile demodulator based observer estimates rotor position and speed continuously and is capable of operation down to zero speed. The demodulator based observer's performance is analyzed and verified using simulation and experiments.","PeriodicalId":263412,"journal":{"name":"Twenty-First Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2006. APEC '06.","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124144869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A passive reduced rating output rectifier snubber for plasma cutting power supply","authors":"G. Kamath","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2006.1620520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2006.1620520","url":null,"abstract":"R-C snubber circuits are used to absorb the reverse recovery energy of a rectifier diode and limit the associated voltage spike across it as presented by MacMurray (1972). This circuit, while being simple and reliable is unsuitable for applications with power levels above 10 kW due to its high power dissipation. Existing alternatives efficiently recycle the diode reverse recovery energy into the load. However, these suffer from drawbacks such as excessive diode voltage stress or circuit complexity. This paper proposes a reduced rating diode snubber that limits the diode voltage stress over the entire load operating range while keeping the snubber power dissipation to a minimum. A simple circuit model is simulated to evaluate its operation over the entire power supply operating range. It is first experimentally verified with a proof-of-concept 7 kW prototype. Experimental results show a 60 % reduction in power dissipation in addition to a 30 % reduction in diode voltage overshoot when compared with the conventional R-C snubber under nominal operating conditions. Further experimentation with a 100 A, 150 V plasma cutting power supply shows that the output rectifier voltage stress is kept within reasonable limits over a wide load operating range verifying the robustness of the proposed circuit.","PeriodicalId":263412,"journal":{"name":"Twenty-First Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2006. APEC '06.","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114429675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Boeke, D. Itzenga, K. Rigbers, R. D. De Doncker
{"title":"Experimental analysis of a flyback converter with excellent efficiency","authors":"U. Boeke, D. Itzenga, K. Rigbers, R. D. De Doncker","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2006.1620660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2006.1620660","url":null,"abstract":"Power conversion modules in consumer products are optimised for cost and not for efficiency. On the other side, efficiency has a value when using renewable energies such as photovoltaic. A bidirectional active-clamped flyback converter has been investigated to identify its maximum possible conversion efficiency for the principal use as maximum power point converter. A power train efficiency has been measured from a 200 W prototype that is above 91 % between 10 % and 100 % of the rated power and reaches a peak value of 96 %.","PeriodicalId":263412,"journal":{"name":"Twenty-First Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2006. APEC '06.","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123423974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Esteve, J. Jordán, E. Dede, E. Sanchis-Kilders, E. Maset
{"title":"Induction heating inverter with simultaneous dual-frequency output","authors":"V. Esteve, J. Jordán, E. Dede, E. Sanchis-Kilders, E. Maset","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2006.1620739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2006.1620739","url":null,"abstract":"Induction surface hardening of parts with nonuniform cylindrical shape requires a multi-frequency process in order to obtain a uniform surface hardened depth. This paper presents an induction heating high power supply composed by a single inverter circuit and a specially designed output resonant circuit. The whole circuit supplies simultaneously both medium and high frequency power signals to the heating inductor.","PeriodicalId":263412,"journal":{"name":"Twenty-First Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2006. APEC '06.","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123626318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Investigating feedforward mechanism in current mode control","authors":"Jason Guo","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2006.1620661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2006.1620661","url":null,"abstract":"Voltage mode control with input voltage feedforward effectively eliminates the effects of the line voltage variations in a conventional voltage mode control, and is the preferred control topology for point of load applications running in single phase without module current share requirements. One may ask: is there a \"duality\" type of feedforward mechanism existing in conventional current mode controls in order to improve load regulation and load transient response? The answer is quite certain, and this paper will investigate, and prove how load current feedforward can be implemented in a conventional current mode controller (Guo, 2005).","PeriodicalId":263412,"journal":{"name":"Twenty-First Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2006. APEC '06.","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123955913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nonlinear digital control breaks bandwidth limitations","authors":"A. Soto, P. Alou, J. Cobos","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2006.1620619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2006.1620619","url":null,"abstract":"The bandwidth achievable by using linear control in SMPS is limited either by the switching frequency or by the robustness of the system. Fast transient response requires high switching frequency. However, lower switching frequencies could be more suitable to maximize efficiency. On the other hand, if high switching frequency is not a problem, high bandwidth is difficult to obtain because of noise, plant variation and non-idealities of the error amplifier. This paper proposes two different approaches based on the combination of nonlinear control with linear control to break these limitations. These strategies are applied for dynamic voltage scaling and two prototypes are built to validate the concepts.","PeriodicalId":263412,"journal":{"name":"Twenty-First Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2006. APEC '06.","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124014357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Grid-connected hybrid PV/wind power generation system with improved DC bus voltage regulation strategy","authors":"Yaow-Ming Chen, Chung-Sheng Cheng, Hsu-Chin Wu","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2006.1620673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2006.1620673","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this paper is to propose an improved dc bus voltage regulation strategy for the grid-connected PV/Wind power generation system. The proposed dc bus voltage regulation strategy can reduce the variation of the dc bus voltage and the size of the dc bus capacitor bank, significantly. Also, the change of the injected ac current amplitude will be moderate and the power quality of the utility can be improved. A 1.2 kW prototype system is built and tested to verify the feasibility of the proposed dc bus voltage regulation strategy. Hardware experimental results are shown to confirm the performance of the proposed dc bus voltage regulation strategy.","PeriodicalId":263412,"journal":{"name":"Twenty-First Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2006. APEC '06.","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124088451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A single-inductor multiple-output converter with peak current state-machine control","authors":"E. Bayer, G. Thiele","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2006.1620531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2006.1620531","url":null,"abstract":"An integrated single-inductor multiple positive/negative output dual-loop DC-DC converter with multiplexed rectifiers for TFT LCD display supply will be presented. The converter operates with a tiny chip-size inductor. Based on the physical behavior of the inductor a very robust power stage will be shown, which can service an unlimited number of positive and negative output channels with a single inductor. All the different voltage levels (positive and negative) will be regulated independently on a cycle by cycle base. There are two different types of regulation loops running in the converter. The control of the individual channels is managed by a state machine (first loop) which takes care of the power stage switching pattern and allows the hysteretic converter to run in a pseudo continuous current mode to guarantee a high power conversion capability. The second loop works as a variable peak current control to minimize the inductor current. It will be demonstrated why running with a controlled peak current also yields in a small output voltage ripple and how the state-machine can help to further control the amount of energy delivered into one output channel. To achieve even lower ripple voltages below 10mV and high accuracy the main output is post-regulated by a tracking current-mode LDO. Finally the whole TPS6512X architecture with the multi-output converter, LDO's and control circuitry will be shown. The converter with 4.5ksqmil chip-size fits in a 16-pin 3/spl times/3 QFN package. Due to the high maximum switching frequency of the device a single, inexpensive and ultra-thin 10/spl mu/H inductor can be used, which offers a very compact and small power supply solution to provide all voltage levels required by small form-factor TFT-LCD panels.","PeriodicalId":263412,"journal":{"name":"Twenty-First Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2006. APEC '06.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129955484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Constant resistance control of solar array regulator using average current mode control","authors":"J. Lee, H. Bae, S. Park, B. Cho","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2006.1620745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2006.1620745","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a single current control loop to perform the MPPT and battery charging control as well as the current sharing control for the parallel connected SAR is presented. It transforms the effective load characteristic of the SAR seen by the SA from the constant power load into the constant resistance load. Thus, the system becomes large-signally stable for the entire operation region of the SA. The proposed method is simple and flexible since it is not affected by the characteristic of the SAR. Although it uses the nonlinear control to transform the effective load characteristic of SAR, it can be easily implemented using digital controller, which may be already available for the MPPT controller without additional circuits. For the design and the stability analysis of the proposed method, the small signal analysis is performed and the Z.O.H effect is analyzed. The experimental results from a 180W prototype hardware show that the proposed control scheme has a simple implementation structure and can stabilize the system in the entire region of SA.","PeriodicalId":263412,"journal":{"name":"Twenty-First Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2006. APEC '06.","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128971049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}