{"title":"Design towards higher integration levels in power electronics","authors":"E. D. de Jong, J. Popovie, L.A. Ferreira","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2006.1620642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2006.1620642","url":null,"abstract":"A giant leap forward for converters in the power electronic industry is possible by increasing the level of integration, i.e. by integrating the function performed by several discrete parts (electrical, thermal, mechanical, packaging, etc.) into one single integrated part. By incorporating these multi-functional parts and components, instead of conventional discrete component technology, a converter can be put together using fewer parts and less manufacturing processes, reducing size and cost. To comment on the current level of integration of any given converter requires that the, often subjective, implementation of the three issues: packaging, integration and thermal management be scrutinized. Figures of merit are introduced here to provide a systematic way to perform exactly that, in order to advance towards designing converters for higher integration levels. If these figures of merit are adopted in converter design one can systematically design power electronics with higher integration levels resulting in cheaper, more power dense converters enabling the power electronic industry to meet the low cost and high performance demand","PeriodicalId":263412,"journal":{"name":"Twenty-First Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2006. APEC '06.","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116779709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Routimo, A. Makinen, M. Salo, R. Seesvuori, J. Kiviranta, H. Tuusa
{"title":"Flicker compensation with combined active and passive filters","authors":"M. Routimo, A. Makinen, M. Salo, R. Seesvuori, J. Kiviranta, H. Tuusa","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2006.1620697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2006.1620697","url":null,"abstract":"This paper concentrates on a solution for the voltage flicker problem caused by a resistance spot welding plant. Repetitive voltage changes causing the flicker are difficult to compensate, since the welding currents are high, and the length of the welding period, the delay time between the cycles, and the amplitude of the currents may vary. The solution presented in this paper is the use of an active filter together with fixed reactive power compensator capacitor banks. The simulation and measurement results presented show that voltage fluctuations and flicker levels can be greatly reduced. The dynamics of the combination is found to be fast enough to compensate the rapid variations in the reactive power of the plant. In the solution proposed the use of the passive filter provides a great reduction to the active filter ratings compared to the situation with the active filter as the only compensator. Further benefit is smoothed instantaneous active power drawn from the mains.","PeriodicalId":263412,"journal":{"name":"Twenty-First Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2006. APEC '06.","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124430581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Understanding the dominant field failure mechanism for DC power supplies","authors":"D. Divan, A. Bendre, H. Joha","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2006.1620635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2006.1620635","url":null,"abstract":"Billions of units of electrical equipment are deployed world wide. Recent work has shown that, for the vast majority of these devices, the input power supply can operate well outside the design safe operating area under line conditions that are frequently encountered. Discussions with several major equipment manufacturers, as well as tests with commercial equipment have confirmed that input power stage failure is the leading cause of field failure. Input stage failure has typically been attributed to voltage surges, and has led to the UL 1449 standard and test protocol being widely adopted by industry. This paper shows that current-inrush surges, and not voltage surges, are the leading cause of equipment failure. These current-inrush surges occur at the end of frequent voltage sag events, when the inrush current limiting circuits are bypassed and offer minimal protection. The paper presents definitive data on the statistics of power disturbances, detailed analysis of the failure mechanism for various types of input stages, and a methodology for predicting the susceptibility of equipment. The paper also proposes the concept of a Power Disturbance Safe Operating Area (PD-SOA) specification for electrical equipment, and the possible need for a new standard specifying equipment behavior under voltage sag conditions.","PeriodicalId":263412,"journal":{"name":"Twenty-First Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2006. APEC '06.","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121255880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Understanding thermal performance of DC/DC power modules","authors":"B. Narveson, G. Jones","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2006.1620640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2006.1620640","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores the significance of thermal deratings and explains how the industry has no standard thermal derating characterization process for isolated and non-isolated DC/DC power modules. The reasons why manufacturers measure thermal deratings and two commonly used measurement methods are presented. Moreover, the paper supports the assertion that the in-system performance of many DC/DC power modules falls far short of the output current rating on the front of the data sheet.","PeriodicalId":263412,"journal":{"name":"Twenty-First Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2006. APEC '06.","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121345807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unified steady-state computer aided model for soft-switching DC-DC converters","authors":"W. Al-Hoor, J. Abu-Qahouq, I. Batarseh","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2006.1620693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2006.1620693","url":null,"abstract":"A unified steady state Pspice/spl reg/ model is developed for soft-switching cells in this paper to facilitate the simulation and design of soft-switching cells and to provide designers, educators, and students with time domain response figures, accurate steady-state gain solution, and state-plane diagrams. The model concept and mathematical equations behind the model are discussed. Pspice implementation concepts are summarized and a simulation example with simulation results is presented.","PeriodicalId":263412,"journal":{"name":"Twenty-First Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2006. APEC '06.","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125168552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A sepic-type single-stage electronic ballast to achieve high power factor and reduce voltage stress","authors":"C. Shen, C. Chen","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2006.1620570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2006.1620570","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a sepic-type single-stage electronic ballast (STSSEB) is proposed. The ballast system can not only achieve high power factor but can reduce voltage stress, improve efficiency and lower cost. Since component stress is reduced significantly, the presented ballast can be applied to high input voltage system. Derivation of the STSSEB is first presented and analysis, design and practical consideration for the STSSEB are then presented. A 347Vac 60W prototype has been simulated and implemented. Simulations and experimental results have verified the feasibility of the proposed STSSEB.","PeriodicalId":263412,"journal":{"name":"Twenty-First Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2006. APEC '06.","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123565632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A new DC-DC converter for fuel cell powered distributed residential power generation systems","authors":"R. Sharma, Hongwei Gao","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2006.1620662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2006.1620662","url":null,"abstract":"Fuel cell powered distributed residential power generation systems are considered attractive because of their various advantages, such as high efficiency, low pollution, and low noise. A DC-DC converter having a high turn ratio transformer is needed in such a system, to boost the low voltage of the fuel cell to a high level, to enable the DC-AC conversion and to provide isolation. The high turns ratio of the transformer causes a high leakage inductance, and therefore, reduces efficiency, and increases difficulty in control of the DC/DC converter. In this paper a new DC-DC converter for fuel cell residential power generation systems is proposed. The proposed converter uses the leakage inductance for energy conversion, which not only reduces the problems of low efficiency and difficulty of control, caused by leakage inductance, but also eliminates the need for a separate inductor. Lack of a separate inductor helps reduce the cost of the DC/DC converter. Also, soft switching is employed for some of the switches to reduce the switching losses. Consequently, the proposed DC-DC converter has low cost and high efficiency. Simulation and experimental results are presented to verify the proposed DC-DC converter.","PeriodicalId":263412,"journal":{"name":"Twenty-First Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2006. APEC '06.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115527276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A hybrid fuel cell power supply with rapid dynamic response and high peak-power capacity","authors":"Zhenhua Jiang, R. Dougal","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2006.1620699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2006.1620699","url":null,"abstract":"Fuel cells provide clean, safe and quiet power to the users; however, one main week point of the fuel cell is its very slow dynamics. To overcome this limitation, this paper presents a hybrid power supply system that consists of three individual sources with different power-density characteristics - fuel cell, battery, and supercapacitor - which are connected to the same voltage bus through appropriate dc-dc power converters and controls. The proposed hybrid power supply features high peak-power capacity and provides fast response to the load power change, with three energy components meeting the load power demands in hours, minutes and seconds respectively. The system can automatically adjust the fuel cell current to manage the battery state of charge, vary the battery current to regulate the bus voltage by delivering or adsorbing some amount of peak power, and, if necessary, trigger the supercapacitor to supply or accept excess peak power so as to limit the battery current. This concept is verified on by numerical simulation, and simulation results show that the proposed system can rapidly respond to the load power variations and adequately meet high peak power demand of the load.","PeriodicalId":263412,"journal":{"name":"Twenty-First Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2006. APEC '06.","volume":"284 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116583198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Passive component integration in a ZVS flyback converter","authors":"J. Claassens, I. Hofsajer, K. de Jager","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2006.1620591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2006.1620591","url":null,"abstract":"A ZVS flyback converter is used as a case study to illustrate the use of PCB integration technology. Most of the power components with the partial exception of the input and output filter capacitors are integrated in the multilayer PCB structure. The functionality of the integration process is described with reference to the structure as well as the circuit functions. The integrated structure is evaluated with an experimental prototype operating at a power level of 65W. The problematic transmission of common mode EMI across the planar transformer is partly mitigated by a charge balancing shield on both primary and secondary windings","PeriodicalId":263412,"journal":{"name":"Twenty-First Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2006. APEC '06.","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129526021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Designing a wide range high performance T5HO electronic ballast platform","authors":"Zan Huang, T. Ribarich","doi":"10.1109/APEC.2006.1620668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2006.1620668","url":null,"abstract":"T5HO lamps introduce new issues in electronic ballast designing such as requirements for higher ignition voltage, End-of-Life protection, etc. Also it is usually desired to have universal input voltage with wide range of output for T5HO electronic ballasts. Step by step, this paper goes through the design issues and as conclusion, defines a wide range high performance electronic ballast platform for T5HO lamps.","PeriodicalId":263412,"journal":{"name":"Twenty-First Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2006. APEC '06.","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129711698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}