Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal最新文献_第2页

Sciential Issue 9 科学问题9

Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal Pub Date : 2022-12-17 DOI: 10.15173/sciential.v1i9.3313

Sciential Journal

引用次数: 0

Comparison of Progressive and Conservative Representations of Men’s Mental Health in Written News Media 新闻媒体中男性心理健康的进步与保守表现比较

Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal Pub Date : 2022-12-17 DOI: 10.15173/sciential.v1i9.3193

Julia Solina Angelyca Pagotto, Manvir Kaur Chima, Sashini Buddima Kosgoda

{"title":"Comparison of Progressive and Conservative Representations of Men’s Mental Health in Written News Media","authors":"Julia Solina Angelyca Pagotto, Manvir Kaur Chima, Sashini Buddima Kosgoda","doi":"10.15173/sciential.v1i9.3193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/sciential.v1i9.3193","url":null,"abstract":"Men’s mental health has long been stigmatized in Western society. The media plays a substantial role in emphasizing the importance of mental health; however, a gender disparity exists as men are often less highlighted than women in regard to this subject. This study investigated whether a difference in men’s mental health portrayal exists between progressive and conservative news media in the United Kingdom. Using Factiva, eight news articles were analysed; these included: The Guardian, The Daily Mirror, The Daily Telegraph, and The Times, yielding a sample size of 32. Five criteria were established to score the articles on a Yes (1) or No (0) scale. An ANOVA and a t-test were used to determine the statistical significance of the results. The analyses showed significantly higher scores for progressive news media than conservative news media, whereby The Guardian had the highest percentage of articles that included criteria 1 through 4. The findings revealed a significant difference between how men’s mental health is portrayed in progressive versus conservative news media. Specifically, there was a better representation of men’s mental health in progressive news outlets. Since a limited number of papers were analysed, further research should be conducted to better understand the portrayal of men’s mental health in the media.","PeriodicalId":262888,"journal":{"name":"Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127397012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring the Effectiveness and Accessibility of Lay Summaries in Four Open-Access Journals 四种开放获取期刊论文摘要的有效性与可及性探讨

Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal Pub Date : 2022-12-17 DOI: 10.15173/sciential.v1i9.3183

Manvir Kaur Chima

{"title":"Exploring the Effectiveness and Accessibility of Lay Summaries in Four Open-Access Journals","authors":"Manvir Kaur Chima","doi":"10.15173/sciential.v1i9.3183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/sciential.v1i9.3183","url":null,"abstract":"Lay summaries are an important aspect of research, as they aim to summarize scientific findings in a manner that is accessible to a lay audience. However, lay summaries often incorporate scientific and technical jargon, which makes it difficult for the public to understand research that they are indirectly funding. This study aimed to analyze lay summaries published in four open-access journals to compare differences in effectivity and accessibility when authors summarize the key points of a research study. Four open-access journals, PLOS Medicine, PNAS, Sage Open, and Frontiers in Psychology were analyzed using McMaster University’s LIFESCI 2AA3: Introduction to Topics in Life Sciences rubric. This rubric was created by Dr. Katie Moisse, assistant professor of curriculum and pedagogy at McMaster University, School of Interdisciplinary Science. The rubric judges for an accurate summarization of the study rationale, knowledge gap, methods, results, conclusions, limitations, and next steps, while ensuring accessibility and clarity. Results indicate that total scores are statistically significant between PLOS Medicine and PNAS, SAGE Open, and Frontiers in Psychology, but not between PLOS Medicine and Frontiers in Psychology. A lack of cohesion between journal instructions along with a decreased emphasis on scientific and technical jargon may allude to the disparity seen amongst scores for these four journals. This research depicts specific disparities between open-access journals, which may help revise journal guidelines to ensure cohesiveness and lay audience understanding.","PeriodicalId":262888,"journal":{"name":"Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116014688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact and Effectiveness of Science Communication Training in the Honours Life Sciences Program at McMaster University 麦克马斯特大学荣誉生命科学项目中科学传播训练的影响和有效性

Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal Pub Date : 2022-12-17 DOI: 10.15173/sciential.v1i9.3209

David Rodrigues

{"title":"Impact and Effectiveness of Science Communication Training in the Honours Life Sciences Program at McMaster University","authors":"David Rodrigues","doi":"10.15173/sciential.v1i9.3209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/sciential.v1i9.3209","url":null,"abstract":"Proper training in science communication (scicomm) skills are consistently falling short of requirements in higher education. This highlights the need to examine a curriculum as a whole as opposed to a course level view. This study investigates whether or not students in their current undergraduate level are comfortable with performing various scicomm skills, in addition to exploring if the dedicated scicomm courses are effectively teaching students the necessary skills. We administered a survey to students on topics regarding scicomm, and asked them to rate their level of comfort, agreement, ranking of importance, and open-ended questions. Four scicomm skills that had the greatest increase in comfort; Argumentative Writing (12%), Literature Review (15%), Public Lecture- Style Presentation (19%), and Oral Presentation (30%). Alternatively, four scicomm skills had the greatest increase in discomfort; Debate (15%), Audio (18%), Policy Communication (19%), and Public Debate (22%). Upon completion of the scicomm courses, there was an increase in comfort for; oral science communication (22%); selecting and using the appropriate written, oral, and multimedia tools (24%); communicating science in written forms (26%); and personal knowledge of written, oral, and multimedia tools (50%). A small sample size, missing data (voluntary questions), omittance of Life Sciences research seminar courses, and uncertainty if academic level implied one took the course(s) in the same year, were limitations . These findings can inform changes to the existing curriculum in order to facilitate the development of scicomm skills for science students as they progress through their undergraduate degrees.","PeriodicalId":262888,"journal":{"name":"Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129845601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dexamethasone's Connection to COVID-19 地塞米松与COVID-19的关系

Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal Pub Date : 2022-12-17 DOI: 10.15173/sciential.v1i9.3198

Bianca Mammarella, Sarah Damiani

引用次数: 0

Historical Analysis of Prevalence and Public Perception of ADHD in Adults Within International News Coverage 国际新闻报道中成人ADHD患病率和公众认知的历史分析

Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal Pub Date : 2022-12-17 DOI: 10.15173/sciential.v1i9.3194

Hassan Masood, Ryan Ziae, Waslat Waizi, Nia Katani

{"title":"Historical Analysis of Prevalence and Public Perception of ADHD in Adults Within International News Coverage","authors":"Hassan Masood, Ryan Ziae, Waslat Waizi, Nia Katani","doi":"10.15173/sciential.v1i9.3194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/sciential.v1i9.3194","url":null,"abstract":"Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a mental health disorder characterized by the inability to focus or control impulsive, hyperactive behaviour. The research manuscript investigates how the prevalence and language use of media coverage has changed in reporting ADHD among adults. Quantitative data was obtained from news articles published from the Nexis Uni database every 5-years from 2000 to 2020. The prevalence of the articles was determined by inspecting the number of publications during each respective period. The study investigated the language use of ADHD in adults by using the ADHD Descriptive Language (ADL) scale from 1 (derogatory) to 3 (respectful). Results showed an increase in the number of news articles published within each 5-year time frame: 62, 86, 119, and 161 news articles between 2000-2005, 2005-2010, 2010-2015, and 2015-2020, respectively. Language use, determined from the ADL scale, showed a relative percent increase of 4.55%, 9.38%, and 14.6% between each period, respectively. The trend observed for the descriptive language is associated with improved public perception used for the disorder in adults. Further research is necessary to raise awareness and decrease existing prejudice regarding the prevalence and language use of adult ADHD in the media.","PeriodicalId":262888,"journal":{"name":"Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115627041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impacts of Air Pollution on the Respiratory System of Adults in Relation to Socioeconomic Status 空气污染对成人呼吸系统的影响与社会经济地位的关系

Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal Pub Date : 2022-12-17 DOI: 10.15173/sciential.v1i9.3200

Kleiton Strobl, Syed Irfan, Shane Shrikanth, Layla Halwagi

{"title":"Impacts of Air Pollution on the Respiratory System of Adults in Relation to Socioeconomic Status","authors":"Kleiton Strobl, Syed Irfan, Shane Shrikanth, Layla Halwagi","doi":"10.15173/sciential.v1i9.3200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/sciential.v1i9.3200","url":null,"abstract":"Air pollution has a significant impact on respiratory health, yet comprehensive summaries of specific impacts are limited. This study reviews previous research done on this link, while connecting it to socioeconomic factors. Common air pollutants, such as particulate matter, have a large impact on respiratory health and can exacerbate diseases and medical conditions, such as coughing, wheezing, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, and cystic fibrosis. Specifically, PM10 pollutants can deposit in the upper airways, and PM2.5 can reach deep into the lungs, leading to many complications. The efficacy of measures taken to combat these issues are also discussed. In recent years, governments have introduced national climate policies and green-space designs in urban municipalities to reduce negative health outcomes. These measures accomplish this goal to a limited degree but require further investment and development. To outline how socioeconomic status impacts air pollution-related respiratory illnesses, our study discusses five studies investigating socioeconomic disparities in air pollution exposure in various parts of the world. Evidence shows that low-income people typically reside in areas with high air pollution because housing is more affordable. This provides an opportunity for new research in social determinants of health to better understand its connection with human health.","PeriodicalId":262888,"journal":{"name":"Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal","volume":"206 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132194497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma – A Brief Review and Discussion 非小细胞肺癌的简要回顾与讨论

Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal Pub Date : 2022-04-30 DOI: 10.15173/sciential.vi8.2967

Bianca Mammarella, Carly Burow

{"title":"Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma – A Brief Review and Discussion","authors":"Bianca Mammarella, Carly Burow","doi":"10.15173/sciential.vi8.2967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/sciential.vi8.2967","url":null,"abstract":"Lung cancer is the development of cancerous cells within the lung tissue and/or the airway that has potential to further spread. The diagnosis of lung cancer is a multifaceted issue requiring innovative approaches, detection technologies and treatments. Understanding lung cancer’s epidemiology provides insight into lung cancer's high prevalence. As most are diagnosed at further developed stages, recognizing the associated factors will provide a better understanding of how to approach treatment.1Genetic components such as germline mutations and over expression of epidermal growth factor have been analyzed. Advancements in traditional computed tomography (CT) scanning has contributed to an increased survival rate due to the ability to locate tumours in the most dis-crete locations.2 Early detection can occur using a spiral CT scan allowing physicians to perceive the lung cavity from multiple perspectives.3 Early identification of lung cancer is critical in determining the survival of the patient. Treatments for lung cancer that are declared most effective are radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or chemoradiotherapy.4Brachytherapy is an emerging form of radiation therapy that provides radiation in the closest proximity. Cisplatin is the standardized agent, analyzed for its efficiency in the treatment of various stages of lung cancer.5This discussion will explore the epidemiology, detection methods, and one of many available treatment methods to understand therapies and prevention mechanisms for stage three-A NSCLC.","PeriodicalId":262888,"journal":{"name":"Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126529780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Stopping Aging: Dream or Reality? 阻止衰老:梦想还是现实?

Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal Pub Date : 2022-04-30 DOI: 10.15173/sciential.vi8.3035

Syed Irfan

引用次数: 0

Cardiovascular Health - Why We Need An Intersectional Sex and Gender Approach 心血管健康-为什么我们需要交叉性和性别方法

Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal Pub Date : 2022-04-30 DOI: 10.15173/sciential.vi8.3037

Ibreez Asaria, Armaan Kotadia, Dalraj Dhillon

{"title":"Cardiovascular Health - Why We Need An Intersectional Sex and Gender Approach","authors":"Ibreez Asaria, Armaan Kotadia, Dalraj Dhillon","doi":"10.15173/sciential.vi8.3037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/sciential.vi8.3037","url":null,"abstract":"A sex and gender perspective in research involves an appreciation for the intersectionality between sex, gender, and other social factors (i.e. sexuality, socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, etc.) with the risk and development of disease. This piece argues for the greater adoption of a sex and gender perspective in cardiovascular (CV) research. The absence of a sex and gender perspective has led to an underrepresentation of women and LGBTQ+ populations in studies and an underappreciation for both the biological and psychosocial impacts of sex and gender on pathogenesis.1,2 As a result of this insufficient understanding, these populations have faced a greater disease burden, poorer outcomes, and inequitable health interventions.3 The incorporation of a sex and gender lens in CV research will serve to lessen the burden of disease on these underserved populations through developing a greater understanding of the unique differences in the risk and progression of disease. Accordingly, this opinion piece hopes to illustrate the need for a sex and gender perspective in CV research in order to urge researchers, journal publishers, and supporting bodies to include sex and gender as a priority in future research.","PeriodicalId":262888,"journal":{"name":"Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128451912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0