Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal最新文献

Social Justice Movements: Fighting for a better tomorrow 社会正义运动:争取更美好的明天

Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.15173/sciential.v1i10.3345

Hassan Masood

引用次数: 0

The Relationship between β-blockers and Mental Health β受体阻滞剂与心理健康的关系

Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.15173/sciential.v1i10.3392

Y. Joshi, Bianca Mammarella

{"title":"The Relationship between β-blockers and Mental Health","authors":"Y. Joshi, Bianca Mammarella","doi":"10.15173/sciential.v1i10.3392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/sciential.v1i10.3392","url":null,"abstract":"Beta-blockers (β-blockers) are pharmacotherapeutics that have been used to treat patients with cardiovascular symptoms since their discovery in the 1960s. They work by targeting B1 and B2 receptors which are involved the stress response, which consequently lead to reduced activation of the “flight-or-fight mechanism”. It has also been noticed that β-blockers can be beneficial in treating anxiety disorders and other mental health complications. Currently, the only approved drugs for anxiety and other mental health conditions include benzodiazepines and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Historically, there has been strong resistance to the use of β-blockers in mental health treatment because of the prevalence of depressive symptoms during treatment. Recently, a growing number of studies have seen that there is no strong relationship between β-blockers and depression in patients. Although there are still other adverse effects related to the usage of β-blockers, investigating the relationship between depressive symptoms and β-blockers may suggest a potential therapeutic option in mental health treatments. This review explores the history of β-blockers, their mechanism of action, developments in their use as a mental health treatment and current approved pharmacotherapeutics for mental health. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":262888,"journal":{"name":"Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122590538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Blue Wavelength Light Treatment for Improving Sleep in Patients with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder 蓝色波长光治疗改善创伤后应激障碍患者睡眠

Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.15173/sciential.v1i10.3357

Hassan Masood

{"title":"Blue Wavelength Light Treatment for Improving Sleep in Patients with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder","authors":"Hassan Masood","doi":"10.15173/sciential.v1i10.3357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/sciential.v1i10.3357","url":null,"abstract":"Traumatic live events comprise the etiology of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD patients are known to face adverse impacts on their mental and physical health. Symptoms of concern relating to PTSD include heightened anxiety levels, intrusive memories, nightmares, and problems with sleeping. Disrupted sleep leads to exhausted brain function that impedes the daily activities of individuals and impacts their perceived quality of life. Therefore, researchers have sought to examine interventions that help improve sleep and circadian rhythms. Recently, blue-light therapy has been the target of clinical research to understand its role in alleviating PTSD symptoms. Results from clinical trials showed that patients receiving blue light showed significant reductions in daytime sleepiness and fatigue. Furthermore, these individuals showed faster reaction times and greater phase advances in circadian rhythms, leading to earlier sleep onset at night. As we work towards focusing our attention on addressing mental health issues, investigating the benefits of non-pharmacological interventions such as blue-light therapy can help improve the health outcomes of PTSD patients.","PeriodicalId":262888,"journal":{"name":"Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal","volume":"113 1-2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123245165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Sciential Issue 10 科学问题10

Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.15173/sciential.v1i10.3517

Sciential Journal

引用次数: 0

ComSciConCAN and the Positive Impacts on STEM Graduate Students’ Confidence and Sense of Belonging ComSciConCAN与STEM研究生自信心和归属感的正向影响

Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.15173/sciential.v1i10.3383

Saba Mostaghim, Katie Moisse, Adina Silver

{"title":"ComSciConCAN and the Positive Impacts on STEM Graduate Students’ Confidence and Sense of Belonging","authors":"Saba Mostaghim, Katie Moisse, Adina Silver","doi":"10.15173/sciential.v1i10.3383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/sciential.v1i10.3383","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although Science Communication (SciComm) is a growing field, there currently exist a large number of undergraduate- and graduate- level SciComm training programs worldwide. Two noted benefits of such programs are improvement in SciComm confidence and sense of belonging. ComSciConCAN is a graduate level SciComm conference; no studies have previously looked into the impacts of this conference, which encouraged us to initiate this study. \u0000Purpose: To explore the impacts of ComSciConCAN on the participants’ confidence in communicating with other scientists and the general public, and their sense of belonging in their current STEM programs and SciComm activities \u0000Methods: ComSciConCAN-2021 participants were asked to complete pre- and post- workshop surveys. Data analysis was done using Microsoft Excel, and unpaired t-test statistical analysis was conducted (when applicable) using Graphpad. \u0000Results: With regards to confidence, significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed in the mean levels reported for all three cases pre- versus post- conference. Regarding sense of belonging, 65% and 83% of the participants reported at least “somewhat agreeing” that the workshops will help improve this in their current STEM program and SciComm activities, respectively. \u0000Conclusion: The conference did have a positive impact on the participants’ SciComm confidence and senses of belonging.","PeriodicalId":262888,"journal":{"name":"Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal","volume":"161 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131826102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Efficacy of Scalp Cooling in the Prevention of Chemotherapy Induced Alopecia Among Breast Cancer Patients 头皮降温预防乳腺癌化疗性脱发的疗效观察

Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.15173/sciential.v1i10.3356

Hassan Masood

{"title":"Efficacy of Scalp Cooling in the Prevention of Chemotherapy Induced Alopecia Among Breast Cancer Patients","authors":"Hassan Masood","doi":"10.15173/sciential.v1i10.3356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/sciential.v1i10.3356","url":null,"abstract":"Alopecia refers to hair loss, which is a common side-effect of chemotherapy regimens for cancer. Anthracyclines and taxanes are the common anticancer drugs prescribed within chemotherapy that result in significant alopecia. Scalp cooling is identified to be an effective method that prevents chemotherapy-induced alopecia (CIA) in patients. This method has been present since 1974; however, novel technologies have enhanced the efficacy via modern scalp-cooling devices. By maintaining a low scalp temperature, vasoconstriction aids in the reduced absorption of anticancer drugs into the bloodstream, which reduces intrafollicular metabolism. Randomized controlled trials conducted recently found statistically significant results, evidencing the hair preservation and hair regrowth abilities yielded via scalp cooling. These results attracted the attention of researchers due to the treatment success and the patient safety aspect of the process. Extensive scientific research reveals that alopecia affects the perceptions of patients regarding their body image and lowers their self-esteem significantly. Furthermore, the quality of life of alopecia patients is reduced due to public stigmatization. The effectiveness of scalp cooling in preventing CIA is of high significance as it can help improve patient outcomes of patients undergoing chemotherapy and their mental well-being.","PeriodicalId":262888,"journal":{"name":"Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129201006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effects of knowledge about tuberculosis on its prevalence in Inuit communities in Nunavut, Northern Canada 结核病知识对加拿大北部努纳武特因纽特社区结核病流行的影响

Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.15173/sciential.v1i10.3347

Hassan Masood

引用次数: 0

Weighing the Benefits and Drawbacks of Testosterone Replacement Therapy 权衡睾酮替代疗法的利弊

Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.15173/sciential.v1i10.3364

Joseph Lawton, Muhammad Amjad

{"title":"Weighing the Benefits and Drawbacks of Testosterone Replacement Therapy","authors":"Joseph Lawton, Muhammad Amjad","doi":"10.15173/sciential.v1i10.3364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/sciential.v1i10.3364","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last few decades, the discussion surrounding men’s health issues has sparked an increased interest in the treatment of male hypogonadism—the deficiency of testosterone in the body—through testosterone replacement therapy, in order to improve patients’ quality of life. This makes it a worthwhile consideration for further research as many studies do not sufficiently explore the long-term benefits and drawbacks, which may tip the scales on whether it should be prescribed to patients moving forward. It is worth weighing the effects that the treatment offers, as well as examining which patients are most suitable for the therapy and why, from a health cost-benefit analysis. Many of the benefits that this review will touch on relate to the symptoms of hypogonadism, most notably decreased libido, muscle mass, and emotional well-being. This review will also consider the potential side effects of treatment through the investigation of short- and long-term studies that include observational, surveyable, and empirical data. Some of the drawbacks include increased risk of various organ cancers and systemic tissue damage. Holistically, this review will provide insight on the basics of testosterone replacement therapy, who benefits most, who is at risk, and how its understanding can be improved moving forward.","PeriodicalId":262888,"journal":{"name":"Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127056993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effect of Varying Eccentric Velocity on Muscle Hypertrophy 不同偏心速度对肌肉肥大的影响

Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal Pub Date : 2023-06-02 DOI: 10.15173/sciential.v1i10.3339

Muhammad Amjad, Randy Dumont

{"title":"The Effect of Varying Eccentric Velocity on Muscle Hypertrophy","authors":"Muhammad Amjad, Randy Dumont","doi":"10.15173/sciential.v1i10.3339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/sciential.v1i10.3339","url":null,"abstract":"Resistance training is essential to muscle hypertrophy as it fatigues fibres through time-under-tension (TUT). As myocyte energy depletes, metabolites accrete, leading to inflammation to increase cell size, so it is adapted for future stimuli. TUT can be measured by varying eccentric velocities: i.e., the rate at which a muscle lengthens under load. A longer period of lengthening will lead to greater metabolite accretion and inflammation. However, it is unknown whether TUT is a threshold or if it can gradually increase and lead to more muscle growth. Through a literature review and experiment, this project investigates the effect of varying eccentric velocity on muscle hypertrophy. Previous research in the field of muscle physiology and metabolism were explored, with an emphasis on eccentric training. The supplementary experiment measured shoulder growth in response to the medial deltoid exercise called lateral raises, where different eccentric velocities were assigned to groups. Individualistic daily calorie and protein intake were controlled to ensure that sufficient nutrients were available for recovery and performance. Surprisingly, post-experimental research suggested that high-velocity eccentric training was best for hypertrophy due to greater levels of force production. This was consistent with the experiment, which found that the group with a fast-velocity eccentric, a lower TUT, experienced greater growth. They also exhibited greater strength gain due to neuromuscular junction adaptation. These findings related to TUT are significant for designing exercise regimens that are optimal for the prevention and rehabilitation of musculoskeletal injuries and disorders. The review’s findings suggest that fast-velocity eccentric contractions are ideal for increasing muscle size and strength.","PeriodicalId":262888,"journal":{"name":"Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132446118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Interdisciplinary Review of the Qualities of Glioblastoma Multiforme 多形性胶质母细胞瘤性质的跨学科综述

Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal Pub Date : 2022-12-17 DOI: 10.15173/sciential.v1i9.3201

Rith Bal, Lauren Mutton

{"title":"Interdisciplinary Review of the Qualities of Glioblastoma Multiforme","authors":"Rith Bal, Lauren Mutton","doi":"10.15173/sciential.v1i9.3201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15173/sciential.v1i9.3201","url":null,"abstract":"Brain cancer, despite being one of the rarest forms of cancer, is one of the most substantially impactful cancers known to humankind. In this review, a comprehensive analysis of the multifaceted nature of brain cancer is conducted, with a particular focus placed on Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM). Epidemiology, prevention measures, treatment techniques, and determinants of susceptibility are investigated to gain a deeper understanding of GBM. Additionally, the biophysical concepts used in Computed Tomography (CT) scanning for tumour detection are explored. Radiation therapy as a treatment modality for GBM is examined using Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT). Furthermore, the mechanism of action of Temozolomide, the prevailing chemotherapeutic drug used to hinder GBM growth by methylating target DNA sites, was also analyzed. Additionally, a cell survival curve outlining a traditional fractionation schedule of 2.21 Gy installments was created to effectively model a conventional radiation treatment plan. As a result, we are able to gauge the efficacy of such radiation treatments. In summation, we present a broad synopsis of the current strategies, insight, and approaches used to detect, image, and treat the malignant growth of GBM.","PeriodicalId":262888,"journal":{"name":"Sciential - McMaster Undergraduate Science Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122249094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0