{"title":"Wavelength Conversion by Difference-Frequency-Generation for Telecommunications Applications","authors":"S. Yoo","doi":"10.1364/nlgw.1998.nwd.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlgw.1998.nwd.1","url":null,"abstract":"Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) networks make very effective utilization of the fiber bandwidth and offer flexible interconnections based on wavelength routing. In high capacity, dynamic WDM networks, blocking due to wavelength contention can be reduced by wavelength conversion. Wavelength conversion also allows distributed management of the network and facilitates scalability and modularity of the network. Numerous wavelength conversion techniques have been proposed and demonstrated to date. Wavelength conversion by Difference-Frequency-Generation (DFG) offers a number of unique characteristics not available in other techniques. DFG offers full transparency to signal formats and protocols; DFG accommodates analog and digital signals, ASK and FSK modulation schemes. DFG is also free from classical noise such as Amplitude-Spontaneous-Emission (ASE) and allows simultaneous multi-channel conversion with no significant crosstalk.","PeriodicalId":262564,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Guided Waves and Their Applications","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114834270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Generalized Higher-Order Nonlinear Evolution Equation for Multi-Dimensional Spatio-Temporal Propagation","authors":"S. Blair, K. Wagner","doi":"10.1364/nlgw.1998.nwe.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlgw.1998.nwe.17","url":null,"abstract":"There is currently great interest in nonlinear spatio-temporal propagation phenomena. Advances [1] in short-pulse laser technology and in the measurement of pulse amplitude and phase [2] have allowed for the experimental study of phenomena that have been predicted theoretically using simple models of propagation. These studies have also revealed new phenomena, which have resulted in the development of new propagation models as well. Typically, one or more terms are added to the multi-dimensional nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS) equation in an attempt to explain these phenomena, but to date, no generalized higher-order spatio-temporal propagation equation has been obtained. Here, we present the results of the derivation of such a generalized envelope equation directly from Maxwell’s equations. This result uncovers physics that is not directly revealed in Maxwell’s equations in the form of higher-order terms in the NLS equation which allow for the description of the propagation of optical radiation with large spatial and temporal bandwidths.","PeriodicalId":262564,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Guided Waves and Their Applications","volume":"88 2-3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132041255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. W. Street, N. Whitbread, C. Hamilton, B. Vögele, J. Aitchison, D. Hutchings, J. Marsh, G. Kennedy, W. Sibbet
{"title":"Bandgap Engineering for the Control of Second Order Non-linearities in GaAs/AlGaAs Asymmetric Multiple Quantum Well Waveguides","authors":"M. W. Street, N. Whitbread, C. Hamilton, B. Vögele, J. Aitchison, D. Hutchings, J. Marsh, G. Kennedy, W. Sibbet","doi":"10.1364/nlgw.1996.fc.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlgw.1996.fc.3","url":null,"abstract":"Second order non-linear optical effects in quasi-phase-matched structures have been the subject of much research activity in recent years. In particular, cascaded χ(2):χ(2) interactions can give rise to non-linear phase shifts which may be employed in an all-optical switch device [1]. Here we are concerned with a novel quasi-phase-matching scheme which relies on the fact that an asymmetric MQW waveguide has associated with it significant second-order susceptibility tensor components which are not present for a symmetric QW structure [2]. By periodically intermixing an asymmetric MQW waveguide along its length therefore, these second-order non-linearities can, in theory, be modulated to achieve domain-disordered quasi-phase-matching. In this paper we shall present experimental evidence to demonstrate the feasibility of realising such a device in GaAs/AlGaAs for operation at 1.55µm. Un-phase-matched second-harmonic conversion efficiencies have been observed for disordered and non-disordered waveguides which suggest that the nonlinearity associated with asymmetric QWs is significantly reduced by intermixing. Experimental results also indicate that the spatial resolution of the impurity-free vacancy diffusion (IFVD) QW intermixing process [3] used throughout this work is sufficient for first-order quasi-phase-matching of the second harmonic generation.","PeriodicalId":262564,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Guided Waves and Their Applications","volume":"214 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132528499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Higher-order quasi-solitons of an adapted dispersion profile","authors":"C. Paré","doi":"10.1364/nlgw.1998.nwe.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlgw.1998.nwe.4","url":null,"abstract":"Some years ago, Tajima [1] suggested that the solitonic balance between nonlinearity and dispersion could be maintained in a lossy fiber by a proper (exponential) tailoring of the dispersion profile. Since then, the idea has been generalized to include higher-order effects [2]. More recently, Kumar and Hasegawa [3] introduced the concept of \" quasi-soliton \", a chirped soliton adapted to a novel dispersion profile. The pre-chirping of the input soliton has the advantage of limiting the emission of radiation and reducing the pulse interaction [4]. In this paper, we discuss of the existence of higher-order quasi-solitons that can propagate along the same dispersion profile with the same evolution of their parameters. Analytical expressions are presented for the pulse shapes, as well as the appropriate grating parameter required for long-haul transmission.","PeriodicalId":262564,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Guided Waves and Their Applications","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130146452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Assanto, G. Leo, W. Torruellas, B. Lawrence, R. Fuerst, G. Stegeman
{"title":"All-optical steering of spatial solitary-waves through cascading in KTP","authors":"G. Assanto, G. Leo, W. Torruellas, B. Lawrence, R. Fuerst, G. Stegeman","doi":"10.1364/nlgw.1996.sac.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlgw.1996.sac.2","url":null,"abstract":"Solitary-waves of the quadratic nonlinearity have been recently revisited due to the renewed interest in coherent effects via second-order cascading [1-3] and the experimental observations of spatially confined field distributions in bulk KTP crystals. [4-5] Most investigations, however, have dealt primarily with such waves in the framework of scalar interactions between fields at the involved frequencies. [6-9] In this Communication we report on the angular steering of solitary waves formed in 2+1 dimensions through a vectorial or Type II Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) process in a bulk crystal of KTP. Steering was already observed with similar soliton-like waves in KTP by injecting a coherent SH seed of specified input phase.[5] On the contrary, we are able to control the beam lateral displacement after propagation by acting upon the relative intensities of two orthogonally-polarized input fields at the fundamental frequency (FF), i.e. without resorting to a phase controlled input at the second harmonic. Such an approach to phase-insensitive steering of two-dimensional solitary waves allows the implementation of reconfigurable interconnects through an input intensity imbalance at the (fundamental) frequency of relevance, eliminating the need for an additional (coherent) signal at the SH.","PeriodicalId":262564,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Guided Waves and Their Applications","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130247867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Soliton-based RZ Transmission over Transoceanic Distances using Periodic Dispersion Compensation","authors":"Masatoshi Suzuki","doi":"10.1364/nlgw.1996.fa.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlgw.1996.fa.1","url":null,"abstract":"5Gbit/s transoceanic optical submarine cable systems using EDFA repeaters and NRZ signals will be in service in 1995-1996 in the Pacific and the Atlantic Ocean[1]. Research interest is now being directed toward the development of optical amplifier systems with a transmission capacity of multi-ten Gbit/s or more. To increase an aggregate system capacity, both the wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) transmission scheme using NRZ signals and soliton signals have been intensively studied[2]-[5]. Recently, the feasibility of 100Gbit/s transmission over 6300km by using 20-channel 5Gbit/s NRZ WDM signals[2] and 80Gbit/s transmission over 10,000km by using 8-channel 10Gbit/s soliton WDM signals[3] have been demonstrated. Soliton transmission systems are expected to carry higher bit rate (per channel) than NRZ systems[4]-[11], and thus soliton-WDM transmission with a channel bit rate of more than 10Gbit/s is quite attractive for transmission systems with ultra large capacity[4],[5].","PeriodicalId":262564,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Guided Waves and Their Applications","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130252285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Yamada, Yuko Yamaguchi, T. Otsubo, K. Miyagi, A. Taniguchi
{"title":"Nondegenerate Four-Wave Mixing in Tensile Strained MQW Semiconductor Optical Amplifier","authors":"A. Yamada, Yuko Yamaguchi, T. Otsubo, K. Miyagi, A. Taniguchi","doi":"10.1364/nlgw.1995.nsac4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlgw.1995.nsac4","url":null,"abstract":"To realize an ultrahigh speed optical transmission system, applications of nonlinear phenomena have recently been investigated for optical DEMUX with four-wave mixing(1), (2) or dispersion compensation(3). If an optical fiber is employed as a nonlinear device, the fiber need to be very long for high efficiency because of the very small nonlinear effect ion of the fiber. This causes the system to become unstable. The use of a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) as the nonlinear device, however, have an advantage in this point. With such function as a switching device, the SOA is expected to play a major role as the nonlinear device. We investigated the characteristics of the Nondegenerate four-wave mixing (NDFWM)(4) with the input signal power and the device length on these SOAs. The devices which are used in this measurement are polarization independent SOAs using tensile strained quantum wells.","PeriodicalId":262564,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Guided Waves and Their Applications","volume":"554 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134004180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Coupled-mode equations for deep quadratically nonlinear gratings","authors":"A. Arraf, C. D. de Sterke","doi":"10.1364/nlgw.1998.nsnps.p7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlgw.1998.nsnps.p7","url":null,"abstract":"The coupled-mode equations for light propagating through deep quadratically nonlinear gratings are derived by expanding in the Bloch functions of the linear structure. Our results show that these equations differ from those for shallow gratings in that the coefficients have different values, and that additional nonlinear terms appear.","PeriodicalId":262564,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Guided Waves and Their Applications","volume":"553 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134026509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hironobu Yamamoto, T. Sugiyama, Jaehoon Jung, T. Kinoshita, K. Sasaki
{"title":"Waveguide SHG Device Using an Organic Crystal Isopropyl-4-acetylphenylurea","authors":"Hironobu Yamamoto, T. Sugiyama, Jaehoon Jung, T. Kinoshita, K. Sasaki","doi":"10.1364/nlgw.1995.nfa22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlgw.1995.nfa22","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient blue and green SHG devices are important for high-density optical recording, laser printing and optical measurement systems as a high energy photon source. In particular, waveguide device is advantageous because of its high conversion efficiency, compactness, and variety of phase-matching technique. Organic SHG materials have been potentially attractive due to their large χ(2)[1]. However, practical disadvantages of organic materials remain such as efficiency/transparency trade-off and undeveloped device-processing technology.","PeriodicalId":262564,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Guided Waves and Their Applications","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131494334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modulational instability induced by quadratic nonlinearities","authors":"Paolo Ferro, S. Trillo, A. Buryak, Y. Kivshar","doi":"10.1364/nlgw.1995.nfa16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1364/nlgw.1995.nfa16","url":null,"abstract":"The large nonlinear phase shifts obtained with cascaded nonlinearities [1] has attracted renewed interest in the parametric interaction of a fundamental frequency (FF) beam with its doubled frequency (DF) [2]. A pure phase-shift, not accompanied by any energy transfer, may be achieved at any phase mismatch, by exploiting the nonlinear eigenmodes of the interaction [3,4]. These are symbiotic pair of phase-locked FF and DF cw’s which propagate without mutually exchanging energy but independently experiencing a nonlinear phase-shifts. Here we predict that when dispersion is taken into account this cw eigenmodes are subject to modulational instability (MI) [5]. This entails that two sideband pairs, equally detuned by the most unstable perturbation frequency from the FF and DF, may spontaneously grow from noise. MI is commonly believed to occur only in cubic media through four-photon interactions involving the decay of two pump photons into down and up-shifted photon twins. Conversely we anticipate that MI may occur with cascaded nonlinearity via combined three-photon processes. A photon at frequency 2ω0 produces a photon pair at frequencies (ω0 − Ω, ω0 + Ω), whereas photons at the sideband frequencies 2ω0 ± Ω are created by annhilating two photons at frequencies ω0 and ω0 ± Ω, respectively.","PeriodicalId":262564,"journal":{"name":"Nonlinear Guided Waves and Their Applications","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132847303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}