Gayana. Botánica最新文献

{"title":"Aspectos reproductivos, arquitectura y fenomorfología de Maytenus boaria Molina (Celastraceae) en Chile central","authors":"M. Godoy, Luz María de la Fuente, Miguel Gómez, R. Ginocchio","doi":"10.4067/S0717-66432020000200152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-66432020000200152","url":null,"abstract":"Maytenus boaria Molina (Celastraceae) is an evergreen native tree which is widely distributed in Chile. It has a high economic potential due to its medicinal value, among others. Despite this, biological information about the species is scarce and often confusing. The objective of the study was to broaden the knowledge about reproductive aspects and the sexual system of M. boaria, along with its modular architecture and pheno-morphology. The study was conducted from August through December of 2016, with adults plants (n=17) selected in urban areas of the Region Metropolitana. A pollination test was performed and the sex of the flowers of each selected tree was identified. In addition, a pheno-morphological diagram of the species was made through the modular interpretation of its architecture and the identification of its phenophases. Results showed that M. boaria is a dioecious and andromonoecious species; it has a low autonomous autogamy and is non-apomictic species that needs pollination vectors for seed production. It has four architectural modules in its crown: dolichoblast of apical bud, dolichoblast of axillary bud, inflorescence and reproductive temporary brachyblasts which are distributed in two architectonic units. The floral biology and pheno-morphology of this species indicate that it would be in an evolutionary process regarding the functionality of hermaphroditic flowers, which has been proposed as an intermediate step from hermaphroditism to dioecy. Further knowledge of these topics will allow for a better understanding of the autoecology of the species in order to have an appropriate and productive management of it.","PeriodicalId":262382,"journal":{"name":"Gayana. Botánica","volume":"33 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125716388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nuevos registros de hongos desertícolas en los Parques Nacionales Nevado Tres Cruces y Pan de Azúcar, Región de Atacama, Chile","authors":"S. Troncoso, Angélica Casanova-Katny, C. Marin, Goetz Palfner","doi":"10.4067/s0717-66432020000100067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-66432020000100067","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":262382,"journal":{"name":"Gayana. Botánica","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122191786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Opportunities and challenges for research in systematic and evolutionary botany in Latin America","authors":"T. Stuessy","doi":"10.4067/s0717-66432020000100001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-66432020000100001","url":null,"abstract":"The floras of countries of Latin America offer research opportunities on numerous significant themes, such as: adaptation in diverse habitats, island biogeography, speciation in high mountain ecosystems, evolution in lowland tropical zones, and impact from Pleistocene glaciation. Because these biological perspectives transgress country borders, collaboration among investigators is essential. Latin America contains approximately 110,000 native vascular plant species, or 29% of the world’s flora. A more precise inventory is needed for construction of more predictive classifications and interpretation of macro- and microevolutionary processes. One solution for providing deeper inventorying would be employment of young and low-income parataxonomists on a massive scale, organized in a Cuerpo de Patrimonio Nacional within each country. Another priority is botanical monography, especially with a broad evolutionary focus. Literature accessibility and digital images of herbarium material from the Internet support monographic work more than ever before. Travel for monographic field work across borders is also most important so that relationships within entire natural plant groups can be revealed. The Internet offers opportunities for online publishing of monographs with deeper visual content and hence greater outreach for other sectors of society. Impact factors have become accepted world-wide for administrative evaluation of professional achievement, and it is recommended that strategies be adopted for maximizing their usefulness for career development. To stimulate cooperative work with scientists outside of Latin America, those within the region must become more proficient in English, including giving talks in this language at international meetings. English proficiency allows digestion of the international literature and opens doors to asking fundamental biological, rather than just regional, questions.","PeriodicalId":262382,"journal":{"name":"Gayana. Botánica","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133166110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cultivo y composición bioquímica de diatomeas marinas (Bacillariophyta) de la Bahía de Santa Lucía, Acapulco, México","authors":"Víctor A. Cervantes-Urieta, Donaciano Pérez-Castro, María A. Galeana-Parra, Eustacio Ramírez-Fuentes, Ma. Nieves Trujillo-Tapia","doi":"10.4067/s0717-66432020000100011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-66432020000100011","url":null,"abstract":"± ± ± a ± alternans celular x 3 células y de biomasa (219,9 mg L -1 ); considerándola una especie de diatomea con potencial para posteriores investigaciones con fines de productividad primaria. ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to identify, isolate and cultivate three species of marine diatoms in discontinuous scaling systems: Eupyxidicula turris , Trieres mobiliensis and Biddulphia alternans, from the Santa Lucia Bay of Acapulco, México. Identification of species was performed with binocular optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Likewise, the development of three species through growth kinetics and quantification of proximal biochemical content (lipids, proteins, carbohydrates and ashes) was evaluated. The species showed a maximum growth of 2.1, 3.0, and 8.5 cells mL -1 , and a specific growth rate >0,50 days, at the end of the exponential phase of the third scale; and a dry biomass yield of 139.6; 163.3 and 219.9 mg to E. turris, T. mobiliensis and B. alternans , respectively. Lipids content (11.1 ± 0.31 to 11.5 ± 0.18%), proteins (8.2 ± 0.25 to 8.8 ± 0.35%) and carbohydrates (10 ± 0.22 to 30 ± 0.21%), were similar for the three species. Nevertheless, Biddulphia alternans recorded better cell growth (16 x 10 3 daily cells) and higher biomass yield (219.9 mg L -1 ); considering it a diatom species with potential for further researches with biotechnological purposes.","PeriodicalId":262382,"journal":{"name":"Gayana. Botánica","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132174521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microalgal taxonomic diversity from shallow acidophilus freshwater bodies from the south of Chile","authors":"Mariela A. González, Ingrid Inostroza, V. Conforti, E. Ascencio","doi":"10.4067/s0717-66432019000200189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-66432019000200189","url":null,"abstract":"This research is the first taxonomic approach about the microalgae inhabiting shallow acidophilus freshwater bodies (Chapito pool, “small dam” and Tepual stream) within the Katalapi Park, X Region, Chile. A total of 80 taxa were identified based on morphocytological attributes, being the Streptophyta-Zygnematophyceae the most abundant group with a dominance of Desmidiaceae (47 species), follow by Cyanobacteria (14), Euglenophyceae (12), Chlorophyta-Chlorophyceae (5), and Dinophyceae and Ochrophyta-Raphidophyceae with one taxon each group. The genera with the higher number of species were Cosmarium (12), Closterium (11) and Staurastrum (8). The pH ranged from 5.0 to 6.1 during the recollection period. Most of the desmids species identified (70.2 %) are from acidophilus environments, 48.6 % are indicators of mesotrophy and 21.6% of meso-oligotrophic habitats. Twenty-four species are cited for the first time for Chile. Although the study was restricted to a relatively small area, the results suggest that a great diversity of microalgae might be also found in similar ecological areas within the country.","PeriodicalId":262382,"journal":{"name":"Gayana. Botánica","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121657503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Composición y diversidad florística de bosques secos en la Meseta de Cacaxtla, Sinaloa, México","authors":"G. Márquez-Salazar, Bladimir Salomón-Montijo, Álvaro Reyes-Olivas, Marisol Amador-Medina, Guillermo Millán-Otero","doi":"10.4067/s0717-66432019000200176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-66432019000200176","url":null,"abstract":"The floristic composition, richness ( S ), heterogeneity ( H’ ), evenness ( J’ ) and similarity were studied inside and between the tropical deciduous forest (BTC) and thorn scrub (BE) of four sites from the Area of Protection of Flora and Fauna Meseta de Cacaxtla, Sinaloa, and and 0.479. The comparison between Las Labradas (BE) and El Rancho Las Palomas resulted in a lower number of shared species, presenting the highest rate of species turnover between both dry forests. The floristic composition and diversity were high in the representative dry forests of the Meseta de Cacaxtla.","PeriodicalId":262382,"journal":{"name":"Gayana. Botánica","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132086629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respuesta temprana de la regeneración de plantas leñosas después del incendio forestal denominado “Las Máquinas” en la Región del Maule, Chile","authors":"Álvaro Promis, S. Olivares, S. Acuña, Gustavo Cruz","doi":"10.4067/s0717-66432019000200257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-66432019000200257","url":null,"abstract":"The post-fire woody plant species regeneration was assessed in a Nothofagus glauca dominated forest and a clearcutting of Pinus radiata. Native species showed a high vegetative regeneration capacity after wildfire. However, an invasion of seedlings of Pinus radiata is occurring, especially in the N. glauca forest.","PeriodicalId":262382,"journal":{"name":"Gayana. Botánica","volume":"93 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133292322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal patterns of growth phenology and nutrient dynamics in four matorral shrubs in Central Chile","authors":"P. Rundel, M. Sharifi, M. Vu, G. Montenegro, H. Mooney","doi":"10.4067/s0717-66432019000200208","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-66432019000200208","url":null,"abstract":"Chile is one of five global regions exhibiting a mediterranean-type climate regime characterized by evergreen sclerophyll shrublands. These matorral shrublands which dominate the foothills and slopes of the Coastal Mountains and foothills of the Andes in central Chile have received much less study than evergreen shrublands in other mediterranean-type climate regions of the world. Phenological development, growth, and nutrient dynamics of the four widespread matorral shrub species, Lithrea caustica (Anacardiaceae), Colliguaja odorifera (Euphorbiaceae), Kageneckia oblonga (Rosaceae), and Retanilla trinervia (Rhamnaceae), were monitored in central Chile from 1971 to 1975. The four study species all demonstrated growth dynamics and nutrient relations similar to chaparral shrub species of southern California. The species exhibited a sequential development of phenological stages in leaf components following fall precipitation. Colliguaja with relatively shallow root systems showed a sharp peak of new leaf production at the beginning of summer , dropping quickly as summer drought occurred. Another shallow-rooted species while Retanilla initiated leaf production in the late winter, earlier than the other two species, and presented a growth pattern dependent on soil moisture availability. Lithrea and Kageneckia, a more deep-rooted species, initiated leaf production in late spring and continued through the summer. Overall, Chilean shrubs exhibited higher nutrient contents than those of chaparral shrubs in California, suggesting a difference in soil nutrient availability. Reproductive tissues represent a significant portion of the new biomass and nutrient allocation in all four matorral shrubs. Biomass allocation of new tissues (i.e. new leaves, new stems and reproductive tissues) ranged from 8.2% in Retanilla to 16.7% in Colliguaja. Overall, the phenology and nutrient relations of matorral shrubs were similar to those found in chaparral, shrubs indicating that the similar climate regimes can lead to convergence in leaf traits, phenology, and nutrient relationships.","PeriodicalId":262382,"journal":{"name":"Gayana. Botánica","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130105938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic diversity and structure of the vulnerable species Prosopis chilensis (Molina) Stuntz in the Coquimbo Region, Chile","authors":"X. Moncada, D. Plaza, A. Stoll, Claudia Payacán, D. Seelenfreund, Enrique Martínez, A. Bertin, F. Squeo","doi":"10.4067/s0717-66432019000100091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-66432019000100091","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":262382,"journal":{"name":"Gayana. Botánica","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115764970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisión de Chorizanthe R. Br. ex Benth. (Polygonaceae) en Chile","authors":"S. Teillier, Jorge Macaya-Berti, Patricio Novoa","doi":"10.4067/s0717-66432019000100034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4067/s0717-66432019000100034","url":null,"abstract":"Chorizanthe was described on collections from Chile by G. Bentham in 1836 and included C. glabrescens Benth., C. macraei Benth., C. paniculata Benth., C. peduncularis Benth., C. vaginata Benth. and C. virgata Benth. In 1851, J. Rémy recognized Bentham’s species and added C. frankenioides J. Rémy and C. commissuralis J. Rémy. In a series of publications, (1864, 1873, 1895) R. A. Philippi described some sixteen species, of which, the following are accepted: C. dasyantha Phil, C. flavescens Phil., C. kingii Phil., C. umbellata Phil., and C. viridis Phil. In 2004, J. Reveal carried out a revision and recognized fourteen species as valid for Chile; however, it did not review the genus or provide keys of determination. In 2018, S. Teillier and J. Macaya described five species in the framework of a review for the “New Flora of Chile” project: C. gajardoi Teillier & Macaya, C. mieresii Teillier & Macaya, C. navasiae Teillier & Macaya, C. novoana Teillier & Macaya and C. rosasii Teillier & Macaya. In this paper, we describe a new species, C. limariensis, and we provide a review of the Chilean species where we propose a hypothesis about the taxonomy of the genus. For this treatment, classical methods have been used, comparing types, herbarium material and specimens in the field. These results result in a genus that comprises 19 species; 18 species of subshrubs and perennial herbs (subgenus Chorizanthe) and an annual herb (C. commissuralis in subgenus Amphietes). We propose also lectotypes for C. fasciculata Phil., C. kingii Phil., C. parviflora Phil., C. rosea Phil. and C. viridis Phil. Finally, a key to species, morphological descriptions, and photographs are presented.","PeriodicalId":262382,"journal":{"name":"Gayana. Botánica","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127629421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}