New Nigerian Journal of Clinical Research最新文献

{"title":"Mandible in personifying the identity of individuals in mass disasters: An original study with forensic interest","authors":"A. Nayyar, F. Kapil, P. Sinha, V. Borse, K. Sirisha, Purnachandra Naik, Neetu Punhani","doi":"10.4103/NNJCR.NNJCR_23_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NNJCR.NNJCR_23_16","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Disaster is an unforeseen and sudden event that causes great destruction, damage, and human suffering. The World Disaster Report published in 2012 showed that the total number of people affected by disasters had significantly increased in the last few decades. This signifies the role of forensic anthropologists in personifying the identity of individuals during mass disasters. The age and sex of an individual can be determined by means of skeletal indicators when soft tissues are not available for analysis. Pelvis is the best skeletal indicator for sex determination. Next to pelvis, skull and head of femur are the next most important skeletal indicators. Furthermore, when the entire skull is not available for analysis, mandible plays a vital role as it is one of the strongest bones in the skull showing dimorphism. Various studies conducted in the past have proven the accuracy of panoramic radiographs in providing anatomical measurements helpful in the identification of individuals. The present study was conducted using digital orthopantomographs (OPGs) for the same. Aim: This study aims to measure and compare various measurements of the ramus in mandible on digital OPGs and to assess the usefulness of such measurements in personifying the identity of individuals by forensic anthropologists during mass disasters. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, observational study was done using 500 digital OPGs taken with the help of SIRONA Digital Panoramic and Cephalometric System, and specific measurements of mandibular rami were carried out using the SIDEXIS-XG software. The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis. The determination of sex was done by discriminant function analysis. Statistical Analysis: The data were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 13, SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA. Results: All the variables studied in the present study were found to be significant predictors of sex although variables C, D, and E were found to be highly significant with P values obtained being <0.001. Conclusion: The present study concluded that significant sex-related dimorphism was evident in rami of the mandibles indicating their potential in personifying the identity of individuals during mass disasters.","PeriodicalId":261902,"journal":{"name":"New Nigerian Journal of Clinical Research","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122996703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Choosing dentistry as a career: A matter of concern – a survey","authors":"Himanshu Bhagwani, S. Mishra, N. Yadav","doi":"10.4103/NNJCR.NNJCR_20_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NNJCR.NNJCR_20_16","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Choosing career is one of the most important decisions in life. Choosing dentistry as a career is one of the difficult and stressful decisions among dental students in India due to the uncertainty of the career and fear of unemployment. Purpose of Study: The purpose of this study is to investigate the motives behind choosing dentistry as a career option and as well as to determine the awareness regarding the future prospectus of dentistry. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive survey. A questionnaire comprising of both close- and open-ended questions were distributed among the 208 undergraduate, intern, graduate, postgraduate, and lecturers in dental colleges in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh. The response to the questionnaire so obtained was analyzed. Results: Data were analyzed using counts and percentages. Nearly 44% dentist were not satisfied with their income, 60% opted for dentistry because they could not secure a medical seat, 41% of budding dentist do not want to go for postgraduation because of less government seats and more fees in private colleges. The drastic result is that 31% dentist interested in changing the profession. Conclusion: The present scenario can be uplifted by increasing the Postgraduate seats and decreasing the Undergraduate seats in all dental colleges and to increase the job opportunities by creating more jobs in governmental sector. Counseling cell in each and every dental college to combat the stress among dental students should be established.","PeriodicalId":261902,"journal":{"name":"New Nigerian Journal of Clinical Research","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131148081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of family functionality status among patients with mental illness at a tertiary health facility in rivers state, Nigeria","authors":"C. Okeafor, D. Chukwujekwu","doi":"10.4103/NNJCR.NNJCR_47_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NNJCR.NNJCR_47_16","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Family functionality is the extent to which the patterns of family are effective and useful in achieving cordial relationship. A functional family relationship is vital for coping with mental stress. Aim: This study aimed to assess the family functionality status of patients with mental illness. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional design was employed in this study. Patients with mental illness were selected through systematic sampling from the mental health outpatient clinic of the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital in Rivers State. Materials and Methods: Family functionality status was assessed using the family adaptation, partnership, growth, affection, and resolve questionnaire, a validated and study instrument. Statistical Analysis Used: Univariate and bivariate analyses were performed using Predictive Analytics Software version 20. A P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The study consists of 151 patients, with a male–to-female ratio of 1:1.2. Functional family relationship was reported in 99 (65.6%) patients while severely and moderately dysfunctional relationships were noted in 12 (7.9%) and 40 (26.5%) patients, respectively. The prevalence of dysfunctional family relationship was highest among patients with mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use (58.3%). The differences in proportions of family functionality status across the diagnostic categories were not significant. Conclusions: The presence of dysfunctional family status among patients with mental illness in this study highlights the need to implement family therapies to promote functional family relationship in patients with mental illness.","PeriodicalId":261902,"journal":{"name":"New Nigerian Journal of Clinical Research","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124498656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linear regression formula to predict chronological age through digital orthopantomographs and canine pulp/tooth area ratio in Vidarbha population","authors":"S. Gandhi, A. Nayyar, V. Borse, K. Chalapathi, K. Sudheer, Rahul A Gandhi, Neetu Punhani","doi":"10.4103/NNJCR.NNJCR_22_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/NNJCR.NNJCR_22_16","url":null,"abstract":"Context: Age is one of the essential factors of forensic odontology and is essential in establishing the identity of an individual. Estimation of the human age is a procedure adopted by anthropologists, archaeologists, and forensic scientists. Aim: The aim of this study was to develop a method for estimating the chronological age in Vidarbha population based on the relationship between age and various morphological variables of left mandibular canine tooth as obtained using digital orthopantomographs (OPGs). Subjects and Methods: Digital OPG of 200 patients was selected, and radiographic images of the left mandibular canine in each case were processed using a computer-aided designing program AutoCAD-2008. Regression equations were developed to estimate age from morphological variables. Results: Kappa statistics showed that the intraexaminer agreement score (κ = 0.91) was without a significant error in terms of reproducibility. Pearson's correlation coefficients between observed age and predictive morphological variables in males, females, and in the total sample population were highly significant and inversely correlated for AR (pulp/tooth area ratio) and c (pulp/root width ratio at midroot level) (P < 0.001). The participants' ages were modeled as a linear function of the morphological variables (predictors). Conclusions: There was observed a linear relationship of pulp/root width ratio at the midroot level and pulp/tooth area ratio of the left mandibular canine with chronological age in the Vidarbha population. Age of participants could, therefore, be estimated with a good degree of accuracy using regression equations.","PeriodicalId":261902,"journal":{"name":"New Nigerian Journal of Clinical Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116746636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of hepatitis a virus and hepatitis e virus in the patients presenting with acute viral hepatitis at a tertiary care hospital Jaipur Rajasthan","authors":"A. Mittal, R. Bithu, Nitya Vyas, R. Maheshwari","doi":"10.4103/2250-9658.197436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2250-9658.197436","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes a self-limiting viral infection, transmitted by feco-oral route. These infections are major health problem worldwide, with a higher incidence in developing countries. Exposure rate of HAV and HEV over a period are different in different parts of country. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of HAV and HEV, its seasonal trend and their correlation with serological markers of liver damage at a tertiary care hospital Jaipur Rajasthan. Materials and Methods: A total of 3093 serum samples were tested for IgM HAV and IgM HEV. Relevant data were also collected. Results: A total of 3093 patients were included in the study. Of the 3093, 1654 and 1439 serum samples were tested for IgM HAV and IgM HEV, respectively. Of these, 7.67% and 14.9% were positive for IgM HAV and IgM HEV, respectively. Range of elevated bilirubin in both type of acute hepatitis varied from 1.4 mg% to 37 mg%. In IgM HEV positive patients, bilirubin level was increased in 70.69% cases, whereas aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels were elevated in 68.37%, 58.13%, and 31.16% cases, respectively and in IgM HAV positive patients bilirubin level was increased in 57.48% of patients whereas AST (or serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase), ALT (or serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase) and ALP levels were elevated in 55.11%, 59.84%, and 42.51% of patients, respectively. Conclusions: The best means of reducing the spread of infection is by promoting simple measures of personal and community hygiene. However, these data will be useful for planning of future vaccination strategies and for better sanitation program in country.","PeriodicalId":261902,"journal":{"name":"New Nigerian Journal of Clinical Research","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126701048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Turret exostosis of proximal phalanx of thumb","authors":"G. Dharmshaktu, T. Pangtey","doi":"10.4103/2250-9658.197441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2250-9658.197441","url":null,"abstract":"The osteochondromatous lesion of the skeleton is common occurrences and may have many variants, the knowledge of which is crucial for identification and treatment. Acquired osteochondroma, also known as Turret exostosis is one such lesion. The clinico-radiological picture often mimics that of a solitary osteocartilagenous exostosis, but the history of minor trauma as triggering event and histopathological correlation concludes the ubiquitous diagnosis. We present a case of Turret exostosis of thumb proximal phalanx on medial aspect with appropriate management.","PeriodicalId":261902,"journal":{"name":"New Nigerian Journal of Clinical Research","volume":"167 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121712045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subepithelial connective tissue graft with coronally advanced flap for the treatment of miller class-III gingival recession; Case report with review of literature","authors":"M. Khan, Saket Banchhor, Priyanka, Deepti Chandra, V. Krishnan","doi":"10.4103/2250-9658.197433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2250-9658.197433","url":null,"abstract":"Mucogingival surgery involving gingival reconstruction has become an integral part of the current periodontal practice. Gingival recession, either localized or generalized, associated with one or more surfaces, causes clinical and functional problems such as attachment loss, root exposure, poor esthetic, and poor plaque control. This case report describes a clinical case of Miller Class III gingival recession which has been successfully treated by subepithelial connective tissue graft with coronally advanced flap for complete root coverage.","PeriodicalId":261902,"journal":{"name":"New Nigerian Journal of Clinical Research","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116807329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transversus abdominis plane block as an adjuvant in multimodal postoperative analgesia: Relevance and applicability in Nigeria","authors":"H. Idehen, Charles Imarengiaye","doi":"10.4103/2250-9658.197432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2250-9658.197432","url":null,"abstract":"Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is a new regional anesthesia technique and very recent in Nigeria. Availability and access to opioids in Nigeria are erratic coupled with its associated side effects; there has been need for alternatives to the use. TAP block has been suggested as an adjunct in multimodal strategy. It provides analgesia mainly for somatic pains for procedures on the anterior abdominal wall excluding visceral pains and therefore may not be too useful as a sole anesthetic technique. TAP block can be instituted using the anatomical (landmark) approach, ultrasound-guided technique, or surgeon′s assisted approach. Ultrasound-guided approach is most effective with minimal adverse outcome; wholesale adoption and adaptation would expand the options for balanced anesthesia and pain management. Thus, this article documents the clinical usefulness of TAP block in postoperative pain management so as to encourage the routine use of the technique in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":261902,"journal":{"name":"New Nigerian Journal of Clinical Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131255690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical profile and management outcome of diabetic foot ulcers in a tertiary care hospital in Haryana","authors":"V. Mago, N. Kochhar","doi":"10.4103/2250-9658.197434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2250-9658.197434","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Diabetic foot ulcers are predisposing factor in 85% of lower limb amputations. This study was done to evaluate risk factors for the development of diabetes and associated foot problems in the rural area of Khanpur Kalan and adjoining villages of Haryana to educate the rural population for the promotion of healthy foot care and footwear habits. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine major risk factors and management outcome of diabetic foot ulcers to prevent amputation. Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Plastic Surgery, Bhagat Phool Singh Government Medical College for Women, Khanpur Kalan, Sonepat, from December 2013 to November 2015 in 64 patients who reported in our outpatient department and emergency. Results: Sixty-four patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled in the current study with different stages of diabetic foot presentations. They underwent different methods of surgical management: debridement, amputations, and skin grafting giving good and fast results. Eight patients underwent below-knee amputations, and six were subjected to forefoot amputation. Ten great toe amputations were performed. Two finger amputations were performed. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and management of diabetic foot ulcers can improve patient outcomes and reduce health-care costs.","PeriodicalId":261902,"journal":{"name":"New Nigerian Journal of Clinical Research","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117279222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effects of sociodemographic factors on depression management","authors":"J.W. Edefo, W. Udezi","doi":"10.4103/2250-9658.197440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2250-9658.197440","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To explore the effect of sociodemographic factors on response rate to antidepressants therapy in depression management. Methods: A prospective study design of 6 follow-ups per patient after the initial contact was employed. Follow-up was done every 4 weeks for up to the 24 th week per patient that completed the study. Degree of depression was determined using the International Classification of Disease-10 criteria, whereas severity of depression was assessed using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-depression (HADS-D) instrument. Outcome (depression-free) was measured at initial contact and also for each follow-up using HADS-D score. Chi-square and analysis of variance were used. Results: Fifty-one respondents out of 112 patients (46%) completed the study, and hence the sample size was 51 respondents. Females accounted for 65% (33) of the sample. Those who attained at least secondary level of education, and personal income as gave a P < 0.05 with regard to decrease HADS-D scores compare to when the study started, whereas the decrease HADS-D scores of sex and all age groups also gave a similar P < 0.05 as at the last follow-up of the study. Conclusion: Education status and personal income appear to affect the rate of response to antidepressant medications.","PeriodicalId":261902,"journal":{"name":"New Nigerian Journal of Clinical Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128508242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}