Mohammad Nasim Reza, Shaybal Chanda, Mohammad Rahman
{"title":"A Comparative Study of Visual Choice Reaction Time of University Soccer and Basketball Players","authors":"Mohammad Nasim Reza, Shaybal Chanda, Mohammad Rahman","doi":"10.11648/J.AJSS.20180604.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJSS.20180604.11","url":null,"abstract":"Reaction time is a measure of how quickly an organism can respond to a particular stimulus. In sports, the reaction time is the ability to respond quickly with proper posture and control to a stimulus such as sound or light. Choice reaction time has multiple stimuli and multiple responses and reaction must correspond to the correct stimulus. Purpose of this study is to compare visual two-choice reaction time and scientifically understand the importance of visual choice reaction time, and the strongest and weakest limb between Soccer and Basketball players of the Universities of Bangladesh. Ten (10) subjects were selected randomly from each of the 4 teams qualified for the semifinal from the “Bangladesh Inter-University Football and Basketball Competition-2018” held from 30 March 2018 to 07 April 2018. Two-Choice Audio-Visual Reaction (AVR) time Machines used to collect data. Data collected from both the hands using subjects’ preferred figure and from both the legs using the thumbs. Average of all the 5 trials given by each limb was recorded as the final reaction time of the test and first 2 digits of millisecond considered for the study. Mean, Standard Deviation, t-test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used in the study and level of significance was p>0.05. A significant difference in two-choice reaction time found between Soccer and Basketball players’ strong hand, weak hand and strong leg and no significant difference observed in the weak leg. Soccer players’ total (four limbs) reaction time was better in compared to the Basketball players and there was a significant difference between them. Soccer players’ limbs mean visual choice reaction times of strong and weak hands were 24 ms and the strong and weak legs were 29 ms and 28 ms respectively. Basketball players mean two-choice visual reaction time of weak leg was best (Mean 27 ms), strong hand was poorest (Mean 34 ms), and weak hand and strong leg were similar (Mean 32 ms) and stood in-between. A significant difference observed among the limbs’ visual two-choice reaction time of the Basketball and Soccer players and found no similarities between the sports.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123826850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Multivariate Analysis of Vertical Jump Predicting Health-related Physical Fitness Performance","authors":"Peter D. Hart","doi":"10.12691/ajssm-6-4-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajssm-6-4-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123216604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recovery and Adaptation after Weight Training Sessions with Different Number of Sets to Failure","authors":"B. Giechaskiel","doi":"10.12691/AJSSM-6-3-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJSSM-6-3-5","url":null,"abstract":"Increases in strength and muscle mass can be achieved with weight training and adequate recovery (including nutrition and sleep). The time course of recovery and adaptation (super-compensation) for different number of sets has not been adequately investigated in the literature. A 40-year-old well-trained male exercised the chest with (a) 3 sets of bench press, (b) 5 sets of bench press, (c) 5 sets of bench press and 4 sets of dips, all to momentary concentric muscular failure during a 6 months body split program. The recovery was assessed by comparing the number of repetitions of the first bench press set to the previous training session. The results showed that with 3 and 5 sets to failure adaptation (+1 repetition) took place after 5 days. 9 sets needed 7 days for recovery and no adaptation took place. The adaptation was faster when exercising the chest without trainings the back and/or legs, indicating that Selye’s adaptation energy (resources potential) might be applicable to weight training as well. Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and motivation (mood) were found to be useful indexes of recovery. Implications on training volume and frequency and how the findings can be applied in practice are discussed.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122949192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Use of Loglinear Models to Investigate the Patterns of Association among Fitness Test Performances","authors":"Peter D. Hart","doi":"10.12691/ajssm-6-3-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajssm-6-3-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128397113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wangui Anthony Muchiri, Micky Olutende Oloo, Issah W. Kweyu, Esther Vurigwa
{"title":"Meaning of Physical Activities for the Elderly: A Review","authors":"Wangui Anthony Muchiri, Micky Olutende Oloo, Issah W. Kweyu, Esther Vurigwa","doi":"10.12691/ajssm-6-3-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajssm-6-3-3","url":null,"abstract":"Aging is a process of inherent change that has separate or joint effects on the individual identity. Aging brings about physiological, psychological and other kinds of changes to the human body. The frail elderly people present a clinical syndrome which comprises of unintentional body weight loss, muscle weakness, slow walking, self-reported exhaustion and low level of physical activity among the elderly people who are over the age of 65. When these changes occur the health benefits of fitness are retained and regress slowly. It is of importance to note that although some of the changes brought by aging can’t be controlled some can be controlled feasible in many of the body organs through exercise. The increasing use of preventive care, better medical management of mobility and changing lifestyles in older persons, exercise has beneficial effects on health and longevity. Psychological care plays useful part in coping with these situations. It also boosts self-esteem, self-confidence and self-worthy and therefore the purpose of this paper is to explore the importance of exercise to the aging persons and how the same helps reduce the effects of aging. This will be done by elaborating how exercise affects different body systems with age. In conclusion, the findings of this paper provide empirical evidence for the importance of supportive environments for the elderly people to continue performing meaningful occupations outdoors","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122308515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dauanda Silva, A. Esteves, F. Guerra, E. Soares, Denismar Alves Nogueria, P. Marques, W. C. R. Junior
{"title":"Chronic Use of Anabolic Steroids and the Effects on the Neuronal Density of the Cerebral Cortex and Hippocampus in Mice","authors":"Dauanda Silva, A. Esteves, F. Guerra, E. Soares, Denismar Alves Nogueria, P. Marques, W. C. R. Junior","doi":"10.11648/J.AJSS.20180603.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJSS.20180603.18","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzed the effects of the chronic use of these drugs on the neuronal density of mice cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Materials and methods: 40 male Swiss mice were used, divided into 4 groups (n=10): GI-Control (0,02ml/Kg/week of saline solution), GII- treated with anabolic steroid Durateston® (83,3mg/Kg/week) GIII- treated with anabolic steroid Deca Durabolin® (16,6mg/Kg/week) e GIV- treated with the two anabolic steroids, concomitantly. The mice were treated for sixty days (60) and practiced swimming three times a week. The brain fragments were processed following the standardized sequence in conventional histological procedures and stained using cresyl violet. For the neuronal density analysis, the simple random count methodology was used. Results: Data revealed a significant reduction in the neuronal density of the groups treated with anabolic steroids, the limbic area had an estimated decrease of 16.44% in group III and 29.21% in group IV; the motor area the groups II, III, and IV presented a reduction of 17.63%, 15.35%, and 12.23%, and in the sensory area 15.22%, 16.41% and 21.59%, respectively; the groups II, III, and IV of the Ca1 area of the hippocampus showed a neuronal loss of 23.5%, 27.8%, and 36.36%, while groups II, III and IV of the Ca2 area there was a reduction of 10.37%, 11.83%, and 16.34%. In conclusion, the chronic use of AAS can be harmful to the nervous system since the neuronal reduction can bring structural and functional damages with possible consequences the whole organism.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124577848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eon H Campbell, R. Irving, J. Bailey, L. Dilworth, W. Abel
{"title":"Overview of Psychophysiological Stress and the Implications for Junior Athletes","authors":"Eon H Campbell, R. Irving, J. Bailey, L. Dilworth, W. Abel","doi":"10.12691/AJSSM-6-3-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJSSM-6-3-2","url":null,"abstract":"Psychophysiological stress appears to be a significant parameter in youth competitive sport participation. Primarily because adolescent athletes are faced with the extreme pressurized scenarios, youth competitive sport offers. Numerous youth sport performers have not learned adaptive coping skills to ameliorate the effects of an inherently stressful environment. This oftentimes results in the elicitation of stress responses, which when prolonged cause an overproduction of hormones which can have severe negative psychological and physiological implications. The implications include a disruption of metabolism and cognitive functioning, as well as cell production in the immune system which may influence the course of chronic diseases and disorders. A detailed understanding of the molecular and genetic events underlying the association of stressors with the psychophysiological pathways is crucial for the design of psychological interventions tailored specifically for athletes so as to improve well-being and performance.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127644072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dental and Temporomandibular Joint Problems among SCUBA Divers in Jeddah, KSA","authors":"A. Aldakhil, A. Alshammari, S. S. Alshammari","doi":"10.12691/ajssm-6-3-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajssm-6-3-1","url":null,"abstract":"The recent increase in the popularity of scuba diving has emphasized the role of the dentist in the prevention and treatment of oralbarotrauma. Barotrauma is a physical injury that results from ambient pressure changes during flying, diving or hyperbaric oxygen therapy [1]. Pressure changes can induce otitis-media, sinusitis, headache or can be manifested as pain to the oral region [2]. Dental barotrauma can happen while ascending; upon surfacing after completing the dive, the diver may report that a tooth broke or has shattered [4]. Divers may also suffer from signs of tempromandibular disorder such as pain in tempromandibular joint (TMJ) and ears, TMJ clicking or crepitus, trismus and impaired TMJ mobility, headache and facial pain [5]. Hence, this article aims to Assessment of dental and TMJ problems in a sample of SCUBA divers in Jeddah Saudi Arabia,Assessment of dental complaints of divers, Assessment of TMJ problems associated with SCUBA diving and relate the previous problems to diving related characteristics such as the duration of practice, the number of dives and the frequency of diving per month. Material and methods: Divers at four dive centers at the Northern coast of Jeddah (Obhur) asked to complete a questionnaire that requested information regarding diving experience and facial pain and dental symptoms experienced during diving. Cross sectional study assessing the prevalence of dental and TMJ problems among divers. The total number was 60 SCUBA divers. Results: most of divers did not complain of sinusitis (75%). More than have of the sample complained of headache (65%). While facial pain was reported by (46.7%) of the sample. More than half did not experience dental pain (65%) while (35%) had dental pain during diving. More than half of the sample did not experience TMJ pain 70% while (30%) reported having TMJ pain during diving. Conclusions: Scuba diving is one of the fastest growing sports in the world. Since Jeddah is the main port of Saudi Arabia, diving has become an occupation as well a popular sport for many people. This attracted our attention to the importance of evaluating the oral problems related to this activity. It is inevitable that the general dental practitioner will have patients who participate in this sport and they should be aware of a number of problems that a diver can experience that are associated with the teeth and related structures. The dental team must educate the diver patient of the infectious potential of the mouthpiece and recommend using only a private one, and encourage maintenance by hygiene procedures after each use, similar to other removable oral devices. The diver should not dive in times of illness. Diving related TMD symptoms should be differentiated from barotitis symptoms.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128157050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Olympic Healthcare Legacy: A Study to Investigate the Perceptions of Relevant Stakeholders to See How the 2012 Olympics Have Affected the Health and Wellbeing of Children in East London by Use of Semi-structured Interviews","authors":"R. Chatterjee, S. Hemmings","doi":"10.12691/ajssm-6-2-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajssm-6-2-4","url":null,"abstract":"The six London Boroughs hosting the Games published plans for legacy in the Strategic Regeneration Framework (SRF), where their determination to have parity with the rest of London in various aspects of life including healthcare in children were outlined. There is a paucity of evidence to support the notion that hosting an Olympic games leads to an increase in participation in physical or sporting activities for host countries with also little evidence to suggest other health benefits. To date no research has been conducted to see what the perceptions of stakeholders involved in the healthcare of younger children in East London are, in terms of what healthcare legacy has been left from the 2012 Games. The key objectives were to determine what relevant stakeholders in the care of primary school aged children in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets understood by the term ‘healthcare legacy’, and to assess their views on the impact of the Olympics on the children and to provide recommendations on how the health and well being of the children may be improved. A qualitative semi-structured interview study design was used. The Framework Method was used to analyse results. 14 stakeholders (GPs, teachers, paediatric community nurses, councillors, youth centre worker) were interviewed and 10 themes were identified: general awareness of healthcare legacy, pre-Olympic status, funding, education, diet, non-tangible effects of the Olympics, Exercise, Social support, local regeneration and further recommendations. The investigation suggested that the Games did emanate a healthcare legacy of sorts. However the effects were largely transient. The multicultural and low socioeconomic nature of Tower Hamlets has made it difficult to establish a legacy. Future recommendations include education of both parents and children on the benefits of a healthy lifestyle.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122207893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Management Efficiency in Russian Super League Football Clubs in 2016 and 2017","authors":"A. Polozov, L. Brekhova","doi":"10.11648/J.AJSS.20180603.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJSS.20180603.17","url":null,"abstract":"The Russian Super League ranks sixth by its clubs' budgets while the Russian national team lags behind occupying the 60th place in the world rankings. Players’ salaries do not correspond to their actual on-pitch performance. The problem may lie in the low level of football management efficiency, more specifically, in the 'pay-levelling' system in Russian football, which does not incentivize players to improve their performance but instead puts them in the same position as civil servants.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"173 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131897705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}