American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Brazilian Primary Care of T2D with Reactive-Homeostatic and Lifestyle Changing- Allostatic Approaches: A Cost-Effectiveness Data","authors":"M. Nakagaki, H. Kano, R. Burini","doi":"10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.15","url":null,"abstract":"The Brazilian Health System is committed to offer free of charge medications for Diabetes, with the expenditure with prescription drug being the increasingly large component of overall health care costs of the Ministry of Health. The program for Hypertension and Diabetes (HiperDia) provides distribution of more than 15 medications for those two diseases. However, besides this onerous pharmaceutical care, Brazil is facing a greater burden of T2D. The lack of discontinuing the soaring T2D might be due to the lack of knowledge of underlying epigenetics of insulin resistance and, consequently the principles for its treatment. The homeostasis model adopted by physicians in restoring the “low level” of plasma glucose probably has been inappropriate because if one signal is suppressed by a drug, the brain compensates by driving all the others harder. By adding more drugs to a complex system increases the frequency of iatrogenesis and costs. Alternatively, the allostasis model can explain insulin resistance without postulating any true defect because blood glucose fluctuates according to match the ever-shifting prediction of what might be needed. Insulin resistance would be caused by prolonged exposure to high glucose level that reduces its receptor number and sensitivity. Additionally, insulin and other hormones that regulate fuel supply are modulated rigorously from the brain by standard signals for vigilance such as cortisol. Cortisol related signals are elevated during states of hypervigilance and of hyposatisfaction. For people of lower socioeconomic status potential sources of satisfaction are less available, but food is abundant and cheap. Elevated cortisol raises appetite for carbohydrate and fat and shifts the distribution of fat deposits toward the viscera and reduces insulin sensitivity. The allostasis model suggests that the brain overrides local negative feedback (metabolic satiety signals) and people eat. Obesity contributes to T2D as well as to metabolic syndrome and atherosclerosis creating a profoundly lethal cascade, and all follow the familiar epidemiological pattern of disrupted communities. The guiding principle for rational treatment of T2D, would be to reduce the need for vigilance and to restore small satisfactions. Among population-based strategies, diet and physical exercise are the pillars of T2D treatment. In our community-based dynamic cohort, the lifestyle change protocol with dietary counseling and supervised walking-jogging exercises, reduced T2D by four exercise protocols such as high intensity (75%), Academy (71.3%), Mixed (78.6%) and Hydro-gymnastic (34.3%). Besides effective, this allostatic model experience showed to be also a money-saving alternative to be implemented by the government.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128914670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The world at their feet: a combined historical ranking of nations competing in football and futsal","authors":"Richard Moore, Girish Ramchandani, Steven Bullough, S. Goldsmith, Lee Edmondson, D. Berdejo-del-Fresno","doi":"10.12691/ajssm-6-2-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajssm-6-2-3","url":null,"abstract":"Some elite football players (e.g. Cristiano Ronaldo, Lionel Messi, Neymar and Andres Iniesta) endorse the benefits of futsal and express how it has helped them to develop as football players. This has contributed to an increase in futsal development activity, in some countries, leading to interest into the relationship between the two sports. A lack of research exists to explain the developmental relationship between the two sports, aside from anecdotal evidence from players, coaches and media commentators, some of whom acclaim futsal for its role in developing elite footballers. This study investigates the relationship which exists between the two sports, by providing the first ever combined historical rank of nations competing in futsal and football. The results highlight the most successful nations as well as a 'select group' that appear to be in an advantageous position to develop in future. It also provides indicative evidence as to the relationship between the two sports and recommends that both sports may be able to benefit from a more collaborative approach to development.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123189409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective Antecedents of Competitive State Anxiety Dimensions During High Stakes in Elite Competition","authors":"Hagan Jnr. John Elvis, Pollmann Dietmar, Schack Thomas","doi":"10.11648/J.AJSS.20180603.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJSS.20180603.14","url":null,"abstract":"This present study investigated the influence of competitive state anxiety antecedents on the intensity, direction, and frequency dimensions of elite athletes during high stakes in table tennis competition. Thirty-three (N= 33) purposively sampled elite table tennis players from Ghana completed the modified version of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2, incorporating the direction and frequency of intrusion subscales during breaks within competitive matches. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses on intensity dimension revealed that cognitive anxiety was significantly predicted by only the age factor while no predictors emerged for somatic anxiety. Self-confidence was significantly predicted by only competitive experience. For directional dimension, gender and age emerged as significant predictors of cognitive anxiety. However, none of the factors were found to significantly predict somatic anxiety and self-confidence. Regarding frequency dimension, cognitive anxiety was significantly related to competitive experience and age whereas no predictors emerged for somatic anxiety. Competitive experience factor was also significantly associated with self-confidence. Findings underscore the need to measure these anxiety dimensions concurrently because they are triggered by different antecedents. Psychological skills interventions should be idiosyncratic based, targeting more self-confidence management strategies in alleviating the effect of cognitive anxiety during competitive matches when demands are very high.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124121471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship between Family Intimacy, Adaptability and Depression of Private College Students","authors":"Jian Yong, Y. Chunlei","doi":"10.11648/J.AJSS.20180603.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJSS.20180603.13","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To study the relationship between family intimacy, adaptation and depression on private college students so as to provide theories to solve psychological problems of college students. Method: to apply stratified cluster sampling to 480 subjects from six private colleges in Chongqing, and to judge depression and family intimacy by CESD and FACESII-CV. Result: private college students’ family intimacy and adaptability differ with sex; ideal adaptability differs with grade, while the other three show no difference among grades. Scores of depression are higher, and those scores show no distinction between sexes or among grades, probably because there’s a large portion of depression. Conclusion: There is a negative correlation between family intimacy, adaptability and depression. Subjects with family intimacy and adaptability, especially ideal intimacy plays an important role in foretelling their depression. The aim is to provide the basis for psychological health guidance of college students.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124831259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Additional Surface on Force Platform’s Ground Reaction Force Data During Walking and Running","authors":"Shariman Ismadi Ismail, H. Nunome, Fatin Farhana Marzuki, Izzat Su’aidi","doi":"10.11648/J.AJSS.20180603.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJSS.20180603.12","url":null,"abstract":"This study compares the vertical ground reaction force exerted from walking and running movement on two different surfaces of a force platform. Five skilled male futsal players were recruited to perform the walking and running tasks over the force platform. In the first setting, the players moved directly in contact with the force platform’s bare surface while in the second setting, the players performed the same tasks on the force platform covered with a typical futsal pitch surface material. The force from the peak heel and peak forefoot strikes were recorded and used for further analysis. A paired t-test was conducted for comparison and the results indicated that there are no significant differences between the two force platform conditions in terms of the magnitude of peak heel strike and peak forefoot strike forces during walking and running. Results also showed that there is a significant difference (p<0.05) on the ratio of the heel and forefoot strike peak force during walking task (1.05 in force platform bare surface, 0.99 in force platform + futsal court surface). While the data obtained in this study suggests that an additional surface on the force plate has no significant effect on the magnitudes of vertical ground reaction force data, there were indeed some changes that occurred on the heel/forefoot strike force ratio in walking task. The result might suggest that an additional surface (futsal court material) on the force platform has some impacts on the movement pattern of the foot during walking task due to the different conditions of the shoe’s outsole-flooring surface interaction.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134410078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active Lifestyle Among Pregnant Women in Burundi","authors":"Ngayimbesha Adrien, Bizimana Jean Berchmans, G. M. Stella, Nzisabira Félix","doi":"10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20180603.11","url":null,"abstract":"Anatomical and physiological changes during pregnancy can alter balance, coordination capabilities and finally make some activities more uncomfortable. The present study used self-administrated questionnaire to assess Burundi’s pregnant women physical practice level and their knowledge regarding health benefits of physical exercise practice during pregnancy. Study outcomes show majority of Burundi women adopt sedentary lifestyle during pregnancy, and they have a negative apprehension on exercise and physical activity practice during pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134517975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Cross Taping as a Therapy for Delayed Muscle Soreness","authors":"Alla Al Frisany","doi":"10.11648/J.AJSS.20180602.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJSS.20180602.15","url":null,"abstract":"Background & purpose, Decrease muscle soreness by medical tape is supported by the literature. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of the cross tapes in muscle soreness. Twenty normal subjects ranging in age from 18 to 55 with no history of previous skin allergy from any tape and do not have any upper body injuries participated. Subjects will perform the lowering phase of a bicep curl exercise using a dumbbell consisting of 3 sets 25 repetition, followed 90 seconds rest between each set. A grid shaped adhesive, a little larger than a stamp, called a cross tapes will be applied in the bicep of the dominant hand and the other hand as control for one week. The range of motion and pain for both arms will be measured before and after applied the tape. The study findings show that there were statically significant difference between the range of motion and the pain (pre, post) when the procedure is carried out over a period of two consecutive weeks (1 day per week) with large effect size (0.2) and strong power (0.96). However; there were no significant differences between the two groups (right, left arms) with medium effect size (0.1) and weak power (0.33). Therefore, this study suggest that cross tapes may reduce delayed onset of muscle soreness, however more research is needed. Future studies should include a larger number of subjects, more diverse cohort, an exercise that applies a greater intensity, and expands the time of research. Cross tape is an advisable method to decrease delayed onset of muscle soreness and improved functional performance.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130117103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnography of Afar Koeso in Depth Study and Documentation","authors":"A. Tigabu","doi":"10.12691/AJSSM-6-2-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJSSM-6-2-2","url":null,"abstract":"Games are none formalized and formalized expressions of playing which allow people to go beyond immediate imagination and direct physical activity. Generally they will classify in two major groups like, low organized and minor (cultural) games and major games. Games have a power to capture the ideas and behaviors of people `imagination at one period of time and carry that through time to their descendants. Objectives of the study: - To assessing, organizing and documenting of Afar Koeso traditional sport games. Method: - descriptive method has been implemented on this study because of the study nature is inventory, the major sampling techniques was non-probability such assnow ball (networking) (for different groups) and purposive techniques (for different offices). The data collecting materials are in-depth interview, field observation, close and open ended questionnaires, oral information. The main data sources were clan leaders, elders, former and current Afar Koeso players, and different offices. Findings:- the major findings of this research are:- Afar Koeso; (History, types, Nature, Rules and Regulations, Necessary materials, Facilities, Equipment, Socio-cultural values, Team Classifications positions, Risks and benefits, Officials, faults and punishments, etc have been assessed. Conclusion:- According to in depth interview, different sources and practical observation of different Afar Koeso games, there is no clear bench mark about Afar Koeso when, how and who began it but it has long relation with Afar Community. Right now Afar Koeso game is not practicing more compared with previous time. In general Afar Koeso game is famous and has great social impact in the community according to social interaction, recreational activities, leisure time, physical strength etc.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115891651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Functional Fitness on Plasma Oxidation Level in Elders: Reduction of the Plasma Oxidants and Improvement of the Antioxidant Barrier","authors":"T. Gamberi, G. Gorini, T. Fiaschi, G. Morucci, S. Pratesi, Lucio Fittipaldi, M. Gulisano, P. Modesti, A. Modesti, F. Magherini","doi":"10.11648/J.AJSS.20180602.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJSS.20180602.14","url":null,"abstract":"Aging is characterized by a progressive decline in the physiological function due to the gradual alteration of molecules, cells and tissues. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are the by-product of aerobic metabolism, and their increase is physiologically counteracted by the activation of the antioxidant machinery. A typical hallmark of aging is the imbalance of such equilibrium, due to either an increase of the amount of radicals or a failure of the antioxidant system. Literature reports that physical exercise is able to restore and maintain the homeostasis of oxidants and antioxidants during aging. Recently, growing interest has been turned to functional fitness, a special physical activity aimed to enhance the ability to perform everyday tasks, such as dressing, climbing stairs and preparing meals. The aim of this work was to assess whether a 24 weeks-functional fitness program carried out on 28 elderly participants (57-86 years old) could be able to improve their oxidative status. For this purpose, dROMs (diacron Reactive Oxygen Metabolites) and BAP (Biological Antioxidant Potential) were analysed at the beginning and at the end of the study. Furthermore, both plasma and saliva protein carbonylation levels were explored through proteomics analysis.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129522011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Energy Expenditure During Incline Walking – Benefits of Integrating a Barometer into Activity Monitors","authors":"Armbruster Manuel, A. Panagiota, A. Stefan, R. Steffen, Neumann Rainer, Haertel Sascha, W. Alexander","doi":"10.11648/J.AJSS.20180602.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJSS.20180602.13","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aimed to compare different methods to determine energy expenditure (EE) on incline walking. Approach: The methods tested were a conventional triaxial accelerometer (GT3X), a versatile system (SenseWear), both utilizing single regression models, and a device equipped with a triaxial accelerometer and an air pressure sensor (move II). Twenty-five healthy participants wore the activity monitors and a portable indirect calorimeter (IC) as reference while walking up- and downhill as well as up- and downstairs. The accuracy of the three devices for estimating EE was assessed based on Pearson correlation, ICC, and Bland–Altman analysis. Main results: For GT3X and SenseWear the ICCs showed a weak correlation (between 0.42 and 0.08) and for move II a strong correlation (between 0.97 and 0.84) between the prediction of energy cost and the output from IC, respectively. Overall, the differences absolute to the IC values were 11 to 35 (12 to 30) times higher for the GT3X (SenseWear) than for the move II devices. Significance: The study showed that a device equipped with an accelerometer and an air pressure sensor had higher accuracy in predicting EE during incline walking than a conventional accelerometer or a versatile system.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134574036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}