American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of Changes in Physical Strength over Time in Recent School-Age Students: Proposal for Multi-year Span Evaluation Chart with the O Model","authors":"Ken-ichi Watanabe, K. Fujii, K. Abe, Yuki Kani, K. Mimura","doi":"10.11648/J.AJSS.20210901.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJSS.20210901.13","url":null,"abstract":"For school-age children to lead healthy lives, they need suitable physical abilities for those lives. Together with this, measurements of physical strength and motor ability to assess those abilities could be considered essential. The physical strength of children has declined in recent years, and City O in the Kansai area of Japan has implemented an action plan to address the problem. This action plan was developed from a survey continued over seven years of the physique, physical strength, and motor abilities of fifth grade elementary school students and second year junior high school (seventh grade) students. To assess the efficacy of City O’s action plan, this study analyzed trends in strength and motor ability over seven years to examine whether trends were rising or falling. The method adopted for this plan was to measure the same items as those in the strength and motor ability survey conducted by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology. The wavelet interpolation model was applied to the multi-year trends in the results obtained over seven years to examine whether they were improving or declining. An improving trend was seen with time in the physical strength and motor ability of second-year junior high school girls. One may infer that behind the improving trend over time were the effects from City O’s action plan. The background for the improving trend seen over the years seen in second year junior high school girls but not boys may include that girls were originally less active than boys and but were encouraged to be active by the action plan. Because the second year of junior high school is the period of late puberty for girls, and is a time when they are approaching their developmental peak in physical strength, it may be inferred that the increase in physical strength was affected by factors in the action plan. In this study, a new evaluation chart that considers trends over years was established using the wavelet interpolation model, and the efficacy of the multi-year span evaluation chart for physical strength is presented as the O model.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133143558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pattern of Injuries Related to Badminton among Elite Junior Badminton Players in Kandy District - Sri Lanka","authors":"V. Senadheera, Agampodi Liyanage Indrajith Prasanna, S. Mayooran, M. Wickramaratne","doi":"10.12691/AJSSM-9-1-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJSSM-9-1-2","url":null,"abstract":"Badminton is one of the most popular sports worldwide. The high physical demands for badminton suggest that badminton players may have frequent occurrences of badminton related injuries. The present study aimed to investigate the pattern of badminton related injuries among elite junior badminton players of Kandy district, Sri Lanka. A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted using an assessment form which consisted of two parts. Sixty two badminton players were included in the study. Among them, 34 players were males and 28 players were females. Age of the players was distributed from 8 years to 17 years. An overall injury prevalence of 33.87% was recorded. Injury prevalence among males was 44.12% and injury prevalence among females was 39.29%. When considering the injury pattern according to location of injuries, lower limb was reported as the most susceptible part for injuries (62.5%). Most of the injuries among males were ankle injuries (40%) and most of the injuries among females were back injuries (28%). Among the injuries 83.33% were acute injuries while 16.67% were chronic injuries. When considering the time of injury onset, 66.67% of injuries were recorded as practice injuries while 33.33% were recorded as competition injuries. Of all the recorded injuries, 79.17% of injuries were slight injuries while 12.5% were minimal and 8.33% were mild injuries. The junior elite badminton players of Kandy district Sri Lanka are at a risk of developing acute injuries during practice sessions. Therefore, injury prevention strategies during practice sessions should be implemented and continued to be monitored.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123904824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lateral Dominance Involving Hand Grip Strength among Soft Tennis Players, Swimmers, and General People","authors":"H. Aoki, S. Demura, Kenji Takahashi, Hidenori Shinohara","doi":"10.12691/AJSSM-9-1-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJSSM-9-1-1","url":null,"abstract":"Tennis players frequently use their dominant arm in training and games; hence, the difference between their left and right hand grip strength may be significant. This study aimed to examine lateral dominance in terms of hand grip strength among soft tennis players, swimmers, and general people. The subjects included 65 soft tennis players, 30 competitive swimmers, and 45 regular people, all of whom were male university students. The three groups did not show significant differences in mean age. The hand grip strength of their dominant and nondominant hands was measured twice. The results of the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (groups × dominant/nondominant hands) showed a significant interaction. Multiple-comparison tests showed that soft tennis players have stronger dominant-hand grip than swimmers and regular people. In addition, the hand grip strength was higher in the dominant hand than in the nondominant hand in all groups. In addition, the one-way ANOVA showed a significantly larger hand grip strength ratio (dominant hand/nondominant hand) in soft tennis players than in swimmers and regular people. In conclusion, soft tennis players have stronger dominant-hand grip than swimmers and regular people as well as a higher marked lateral dominance.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116172194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using a Standard Respiratory Air Filtering Device during Moderate Intensity Exercise does not Affect Post Exercise Pulmonary Function","authors":"K. Birkenhead, C. Barnett, C. Solomon","doi":"10.12691/ajssm-8-2-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajssm-8-2-5","url":null,"abstract":"Physical exercise requiring oxidative energy transfer increases pulmonary ventilation (VE). In an air polluted environment, the exercise-induced increase in VE increases the volume of toxic gases and number of toxic particles to which the pulmonary system is exposed. Using a respiratory air-filtering device (RAFD) during exercise decreases exposure to inhaled toxic gases and particles. However, a RAFD creates external resistance to inspiration and expiration which could decrease pulmonary muscle function and pulmonary volumes, and creates an external mechanical dead-space which produces fractional rebreathing which could increase pulmonary flowrates. This experiment tested the hypotheses that using a RAFD during exercise would; decrease post-exercise peak inspiratory pressure (PPI) and peak expiratory (PPE) pressure, FVC and FEV1, and increase post-exercise flowrates. Using a repeated-measures, counter-balanced design, six healthy moderately aerobically-trained, men (mean ± SD; age 24.7 ± 1.7 years; peak oxygen utilization [VO2peak] 42.8 ± 5.3 ml kg-1 min-1) completed two 30 min exercise test sessions at a power output equal to 75% VO2peak. One session was performed not using (NORAFD), and one using a RAFD (Moldex 8000) fitted with organic vapor cartridges and combined dust and mist pre-filters (inspiratory resistance = 0.216 kPa, expiratory resistance = 0.094 kPa at 85.0 l min-1). All pulmonary function tests were performed immediately pre-(Pre) and 0 (Post-0), 5 (Post-5), and 15 (Post-15) min post-exercise. There was a significant (p1, FEV1/FVC%, PEF, and FEF50% from Pre to Post-0. There were no other within or between condition differences in any of the pulmonary muscle pressures, volumes or flowrates. It was concluded that using a RAFD during moderate intensity medium duration exercise does not affect post exercise pulmonary function.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115964360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differences of Results between Women’s and between Men’s Finalists in the Running, Jumping and Throwing Disciplines of the Finalists of the World Championships","authors":"R. Pavlović, B. Petrović, M. Pupiš, E. Bendíková","doi":"10.12691/ajssm-8-2-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/ajssm-8-2-4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The Worlds Athletics Championships, along with the Olympic Games, represent the largest review of athletes in which they record top results, often projecting new world records. Any research that analyzes top athletes contributes to shedding light on a number of issues. It is especially interesting to analyze and compare the results of athletes from one time distance. The main goal of the research was to determine the result differences in sprint, jumping and throwing disciplines, between men's and women's finalists participating in the World Athletics Championships in Edmonton, 2001 and Doha in 2019. Methods: the current study included a total of 493 finalists (247 men's and 246 women's) of the World Championships in Edmonton, 2001 and Doha, 2019. The results in sprint, jumping and throwing disciplines were analyzed in order to determine the result differences in the championship finals. To obtain the necessary information, a t-test for independent samples was applied and the relevant statistical parameters were calculated. Results: the results were confirmed between the final evident differences in all disciplines. Men in Edmonton were successful in 41% of the discipline (400m, pole vault, discus throw, hammer throw, javelin throw), and in Doha 59% of the discipline (100m, 200m, 110H, high jump, long jump, triple jump), while in the category of women's finalists, participants in Edmonton were successful in 17% of disciplines (long jump, throwing the ball), while female athletes were successful in 83% of disciplines (100m, 200m, 400m, 110H, triple jump, high jump, high jump with a pole, Throwing a spear, throwing a discus, throwing a hammer). Statistically significant differences between male finalists were recorded only in the disciplines: 200m (t=2.318; p, throwing the ball (t= -2.939; p and hammer throw (t= -2.802; p, and in female finalists in the 200m disciplines (t=2.402; p, pole vault (t=-5.552; p and hammer throw (t= -6.410; p Conclusion: the consequences of this distribution of differences finalist can be found in various morphological, motor and biomechanical parameters, technical experience, neuromuscular movements, level of motivation and preparedness at the time of onset and other endogenous-exogenous factors.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131014358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examination Regarding Change of Differences in the Diet Effect with Age: Analysis Based on Wavelet Interpolation Model","authors":"K. Fujii, T. Ishigaki, Kohsuke Kasuya","doi":"10.11648/J.AJSS.20200804.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJSS.20200804.12","url":null,"abstract":"During diets, people basically try to change their living habits to lose weight, such as restricting caloric intake and increasing energy consumption through exercise and activity. This could truly be considered a hostile act against corpulence in modern society. For many women in particular, the act of dieting is essentially wishful thinking in their daily lives, and selecting easy diet food would seem to be an obvious way to achieve this wish. However, while the diet effect must be clear when selecting better diet products, there have been no findings on diet effect that consider the effects of age. In this study, we used product evaluation, sex, age, height, body weight before use, body weight after use, duration of use, and other factors in data from the T. M. Community Co., Ltd. (TMC) review site “Diet Cafe,” which specializes in diet products. We analyzed the changes in the diet effect with age by applying the wavelet interpolation model to the change in body weight and the percentage change in body weight in subjects aged from the 10s to 60s. In addition, with the curves describing the amount and percentage of the change in body weight, we investigated the inflection point (critical point) in the diet effect with age by deriving velocity curves as differentials. The WIM was applied to the age-related changes in the size of the diet effect, and the identification of the age of 30 as a critical point in the diet effect from the behavior of the velocity curve may be considered a finding derived for the first time. The slowing of the velocity then becomes consistent about 10 years after the critical point, at around the age of 40, from which it may be proposed that the age of 40 is a true transition phase for women.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132784921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regular Physical Exercise for Prevention and Treatment of Low Back Pain: A Systematic Review","authors":"Getu Teferi","doi":"10.11648/J.AJSS.20200803.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJSS.20200803.15","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Low back pain is one among the main health problems during life time with a high prevalence, which causes functional loss and reduced productivity. Low back pain specifically affects the lumbar region of the spine. The pain is usually related with mostly muscle tension, and often limits our range of movement. Low back pain (LBP) is a common problem involving the muscles, nerves, and bones of the back. Objective: The purposes of this review study are to describe about low back pain and to examine the most recommended exercise for prevention and management of low back pain, to review scientific evidence on the effect of physical exercise on low back pain and to review the risk factors which lead to develop low back pain. Methods: The review of related literature search strategy were used the terms in relation with LBP and exercise, exercise prescription for LBP, exercise testing for LBP, recommended exercise for LBP, the effect of exercise on back pain and etc. A search was conducted in the following databases: online research databases, web of knowledge, and science direct, sport discus, Google scholar and from other relevant citations. Results: Based on LBP analysis and outcome functions, can be categorized as acute (<6 wk), sub-acute (6-12 wk), and chronic. Risk factors associated with low-back pain include age greater than 34 years, degenerative diseases such as arthritis or osteoporosis, a family or personal history of back pain or trauma, a sedentary lifestyle, low job satisfaction, and low socioeconomic status, excess body weight, psychological stress or depression and physically hard work. Common symptoms of LBP: pain that is dull or achy, contained to the low back, stinging, burning pain that moves from the low back to the backs of the thighs, sometimes into the lower legs or feet, muscle spasms and tightness in the low back, pelvis, and hips, pain that worsens after prolonged sitting or standing, difficulty standing up straight, walking, or going from standing to sitting and pain that worsens with bending, lifting, standing or walking. Regular exercise particularly endurance and stretching exercises such as walking, biking, and swimming, has the good evidence of efficacy among exercise regimen, whether for whom with acute, sub-acute, or chronic low back pain. Generally, to reduce and manage LBP following low-impact endurance, strength and stretching regular exercises are advised.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122899179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methods of Biomechanical Performance Analyses in Sport: Systematic Review","authors":"Getu Teferi, Dessalew Endalew","doi":"10.12691/AJSSM-8-2-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12691/AJSSM-8-2-2","url":null,"abstract":"Biomechanical analysis involves the evaluation of techniques and tactics in sports. Qualitative method of analysis describes quality without the use of number. Quantitative analytical method entails the collection, measurement and evaluation of data involves the use of number. On average, athletes and coaches can only recall 30% of performance correctly. Performance analysis helps with the remaining 70% by providing accurate performance data. The main aim of this systematic review paper discusses the concept of biomechanics and the methods of biomechanical performance analyses used in sports. Sports Biomechanics professionals work with coaches and athletes to break down technique to help enhance performance and prevent injury. The objective of sport biomechanics is to provide information to coaches and athletes on sport skill techniques that will help them to obtain the highest level of athletic performance. Therefore, sport clubs, institutions, academies, managers, athletes and other concerned bodies working on development of sport and improving athletic performance for their coaching staff.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116601372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Arthroscopic Primary Repair of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament: A Literature Review","authors":"S. Rawahi, Humaid Al Farii, Sultan Al Maskari","doi":"10.11648/J.AJSS.20200803.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJSS.20200803.14","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is an important mechanical stabilizer of the knee joint and ACL injuries are commonly seen among athletes. The gold-standard treatment adopted worldwide for ACL injuries is arthroscopic ACL reconstruction. However, arthroscopic primary ACL repair has gained popularity recently. The aim of this review is to provide an overall update of the studies that looked at arthroscopic primary ACL repair. Methods: Electronic databases were searched for relevant studies linked to arthroscopic primary ACL repair. We excluded any nonsurgical treatment studies, cadaveric studies and review articles. Nine hundred ninety-five articles were identified for screening, and a total of 523 patients from 8 articles were included for the review. Results: The study included articles published between 1985 and 2019: 66.6% were male, median age was 27 years; and 97.7% had sport related injuries. Two-hundred and nineteen patients had acute arthroscopic primary repair with varying types of ACL fixation; 287 of them had concomitant injuries. Rehabilitation program varies from a study to another; average evaluation for return to sport was 6 months. Eleven cases of the primary ACL repair have failed. Overall, patients reported satisfactory to good results. Conclusion: Arthroscopic primary ACL repair is a promising procedure with advantages over ACL reconstruction. However, appropriate patients’ selection, surgical expertise and instrumentations, pre- and post-op rehabilitation programs are all contributing factors to successful outcomes.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130893923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advantages of Phase Angle in Evaluating Physical Vitality Level","authors":"K. Fujii, Yuki Takeyama","doi":"10.11648/J.AJSS.20200803.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.AJSS.20200803.12","url":null,"abstract":"Phase angle (PhA) has become a sudden focus of attention in recent years. However, much remains unknown about its relationship with health indicators. If it is an indicator derived through bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), its meaning as a simple health indicator can probably be established. In fact, an indicator of senescence called “vital age” has been proposed. However, this vital age is derived from multivariate factors and so cannot be called a simple indicator. Accordingly, while presenting the term physical vitality as one determinant of health, we defined physical vitality in the sense of conceptualizing the body’s internal control mechanism power that governs the life force. That power regulates health, which is an indicator of the driving force (life force) of human life. In this study we compared phase angle in high school sports club members and general student controls, and showed that the height of the phase angle in club members reflects their physical vitality. An attempt was then made to position phase angle as an indicator of physical vitality. Specifically, we evaluated the phase angles of individual club members by constructing a span evaluation chart with age of phase angle and applying individual club members to that evaluation chart, with general high school students as a control group. With this ability to evaluate the phase angles of individuals, rather than showing that phase angle was high in all club members we were able to grasp the physical vitality levels of health factors possessed by each individual.","PeriodicalId":261831,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Sports Science and Medicine","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125498084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}