Egyptian Journal of Obesity, Diabetes and Endocrinology最新文献

{"title":"Study of the C-reactive protein and tumor necrosis factor-α levels in the elderly before and after resistance exercise training","authors":"Noha El-Sabbagh, Enas A. E. Shahin, Nany Abo El Makarem, R. Swelem, Shaymaa AbdElMoneim","doi":"10.4103/2356-8062.159984","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2356-8062.159984","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Aging results in chronic low-grade inflammation that is associated with an increased risk for disease, poor physical functioning, and mortality. The biomarkers that are mostly related to inflammation such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and C-reactive protein (CRP) are created to stimulate and activate the immune system in response to inflammation. Strategies that reduce age-related inflammation may improve the quality of life in older adults. The benefits of regular exercise for the elderly are well established, whereas less is known on the impact of low-intensity resistance exercise on this chronic low-grade inflammation in the elderly. Aim of the study To study the level of TNF-α and CRP before and after programmed resistance exercise in Egyptian elderly individuals. Patients and methods Thirty healthy elderly individuals aged 60 years or older, of both sexes, participated in 4 weeks of resistance exercise training (RET). Circulating levels of TNF-α and CRP were measured before and after the exercise training. Results This study found that both inflammatory markers, TNF-α and CRP, were statistically significantly decreased (P = 0.036, 0.009), respectively, in comparison with the previous starting level measured before the exercise in the same individuals. Conclusion There was a negative correlation between TNF-α and CRP levels and the RET, which indicated that RET represents a low-cost strategy that may reduce age-related inflammation and may thus improve the quality of life in older adults.","PeriodicalId":260758,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Obesity, Diabetes and Endocrinology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124016326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autoimmune thyroid disorders in seropositive versus seronegative rheumatoid arthritis","authors":"Mohamed Ghitany, E. Soliman, M. Bondok, S. Elmaadawy","doi":"10.4103/2356-8062.159997","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2356-8062.159997","url":null,"abstract":"Background Autoimmune diseases are chronic conditions initiated by the loss of immunological tolerance to self-antigens; they represent a heterogeneous group of disorders that afflict specific target organs or multiple organ systems. Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is a common organ-specific autoimmune disorder affecting mostly middle-aged women. AITD is a term that includes various clinical forms of autoimmune thyroiditis; among these diseases, Hashimoto′s thyroiditis and Graves′ disease are the two most common types and share many features immunologically. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to severe disability and premature mortality. Given the same pathogenic mechanisms, autoimmune diseases tend to cluster together, and hence this study was designed to investigate the relationship between AITD and RA, particularly seropositive versus seronegative subtypes. Patients and methods The study included 70 patients with evidence of RA. Their diagnosis was based on the 2010 American College of Rheumatology (ACR)-EULAR classification criteria, and they were subclassified into two groups: group I, comprising 35 patients with seropositive RA (positive to one or both seromarkers), and group II, comprising 35 patients with seronegative RA (negative to both seromarkers). Twenty healthy age-matched and sex-matched controls constituted group III. All of the studied participants underwent detailed history-taking and physical examination, focusing on RA duration of illness, clinical features suggestive of thyroid dysfunction, and disease activity score (DAS28). We determined the complete blood count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), serum total T3 (TT3), serum total T4 (TT4), rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP), anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), thyroglobulin Ab, and TSH receptor antibody (TRAb) levels, and also performed a neck ultrasound. Results It was found that erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, RF, and anti-CCP were significantly higher in RA patients versus controls, particularly in seropositive versus seronegative patients. No significant difference was found between the studied groups as regards TSH, T3, and T4 levels; however, hypothyroidism was found to be more common than hyperthyroidism in RA patients (29 vs. 3% in group I and 9% in group II). Anti-TPO and antithyroglobulin were significantly higher in RA patients versus controls (P < 0.001) and specifically in seropositive (1301.9 ± 1716.0 and 1750.0 ± 1866.2, respectively) versus seronegative patients (799.4 ± 1597.7 and 898.1± 988.11, respectively). TRAbs were detectable in a small subset of RA patients (6% regardless of the serostatus) with significant difference between patients and controls (P = 0.006). Ultrasonographic features of thyroiditis were significantly evident in RA pati","PeriodicalId":260758,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Obesity, Diabetes and Endocrinology","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130625936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of vitamin D level in type 2 diabetic patients before and after treatment with pioglitazone","authors":"M. Halaw, M. A. Abu Shady, Y. Eid, A. EL Sherbeney, W. Mohamed","doi":"10.4103/2356-8062.159994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2356-8062.159994","url":null,"abstract":"Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate vitamin D level in type 2 diabetic patients before and after treatment with pioglitazone and assess any possible relationship with type 2 diabetic patients who are pioglitazone naive. Participants and Methods The study included 50 female participants; of them, 20 were healthy female participants who served as controls and 30 were pioglitazone-naive diabetic patients. All individuals were subjected to history taking and clinical examination, including fasting blood sugar, 2 h postprandial, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile test (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides), kidney function tests (serum creatinine and calculated glomerular filtration rate), and evaluation of serum calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase and serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (by enzyme linked immunosorbant assay) before (basal) and after 3 months of treatment with pioglitazone. Results There was an nonsignificant elevation of vitamin D in group 2b (diabetic patients after using pioglitazone for 3 months), in comparison with vitamin D level in group 2a (diabetic patients before using pioglitazone) (P = 0.117). Vitamin D levels were found to be inversely associated with HbA1c levels in type 2 diabetic patients (P = 0.000 linear regression analysis); it was also found to be inversely associated with fasting and 2 h postprandial blood sugar levels (P < 0.000). Conclusion Vitamin D could impact glycemic control in terms of the inverse relation of vitamin D with HbA1c%, and at the same time poor glycemic control could impact vitamin D status in uncontrolled diabetic patients. Thiazolidinediones do not have significant effect on vitamin D level in female diabetic patients.","PeriodicalId":260758,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Obesity, Diabetes and Endocrinology","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128626229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemerin is associated with diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes","authors":"M. Halawa, Abeer Abdullah, N. Ibrahim, Ahmed El-Sabawy","doi":"10.4103/ejode.ejode_26_17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ejode.ejode_26_17","url":null,"abstract":"Background Chemerin is a novel adipokine, which is suggested to play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its chronic complications. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes, caused by diabetic microvascular lesions. Objective To investigate the relationship between serum chemerin level and DR in T2DM. Study design Eighty participants were enrolled in the study and were divided into three groups: group I included 40 patients with T2DM complicated with DR, and this group was further subdivided to proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR); group II included 20 patients with T2DM not complicated with DR; and group III included 20 apparently healthy patients representing control group. Anthropometric and laboratory measurements including serum chemerin levels were assessed, and values were analyzed to compare the differences among the groups. Results Chemerin level was significantly higher in group I than that in both group II and group III (158.4±25.7 vs. 127.4±20.1 and 116.6±20.3 ng/dl, respectively; P<0.01). Moreover, chemerin level was significantly higher in the PDR group than that in NPDR group (167.7±28.4 vs. 152.2±22.2 ng/dl; P<0.05). Otherwise, no significant difference of chemerin level between group II and group III was found (P=0.135). Conclusion Serum chemerin levels were elevated in patients with T2DM with DR than those without DR and were elevated in patients with PDR than NPDR, suggesting that chemerin may be involved in the development of PDR.","PeriodicalId":260758,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Obesity, Diabetes and Endocrinology","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114878924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interleukin-33 in systemic sclerosis: correlation with clinical manifestations and disease subset","authors":"Magdy Zohairy, A. Raya, A. Deghady, Riham Soliman","doi":"10.4103/2356-8062.197578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2356-8062.197578","url":null,"abstract":"Background Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a generalized connective tissue disorder characterized by sclerotic changes in the skin and internal organs. Interleukin-33 (IL-33) is a newly reported cytokine of the IL-1 family. Aim of the work The aim of this study was to determine serum levels of IL-33 in SSc patients and evaluate its association with clinical manifestations and disease subset. Patients and methods The patients in this study were divided into group A and group B. Group A included 30 adult patients with SSc, which was subdivided into diffuse systemic sclerosis (dSSc) and limited systemic sclerosis (lSSc). All cases were diagnosed according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria for SSc. Group B included 15 healthy adults (age and sex matched) who served as controls. Serum IL-33 levels were examined by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 30 patients with SSc and in 15 healthy individuals. Skin assessment was done using the modified Rodnan skin score. Results IL-33 was increased in all SSc patients compared with controls. The levels of IL-33 were significantly higher in the dSSc subset compared with the lSSc subset. IL-33 is highly correlated to the presence of pulmonary fibrosis, Raynaud’s phenomenon, pitting scars and ulcers, pulmonary hypertension, joint contracture, and modified Rodnan skin score. Thus, IL-33 levels were increased in SSc patients and correlated with the extent of skin sclerosis and the severity of pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, IL-33 possibly plays a role in cutaneous and pulmonary fibrosis in SSc patients. Conclusion IL-33 may have a significant role in the pathogenesis of SSc. IL-33 serum levels paralleled the severity of the disease subset. Understanding of IL-33 functions is important for the development of new therapeutic approaches including IL-33 inhibitors and IL-33 receptor blockers as a therapeutic target.","PeriodicalId":260758,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Obesity, Diabetes and Endocrinology","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126611316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 as a marker of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients","authors":"Magdy El-Zohairy, A. Abou-Raya, A. Degady, E. El-Said, M. Adel","doi":"10.4103/2356-8062.178338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2356-8062.178338","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic disease that primarily targets the synovium, leading to synovial inflammation and proliferation, loss of articular cartilage, and erosion of juxta-articular bone. Objective The aim of the work was to assess the role of serum monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) as a marker of disease activity in RA and its correlation with different disease parameters. Patients and methods We assessed serum MCP-1 level in 40 RA patients and 20 age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls. We also assessed different clinical and laboratory disease parameters in RA patients - namely, swollen joint count, tender joint count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein (CRP), rheumatoid factor, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (ACCP), and 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS-28) (CRP). We correlated serum MCP-1 with disease activity and different disease parameters. Results Serum MCP-1 was significantly higher (P = 0.001) in the patient group (mean = 414, SD = 508.97) than in the control group (mean = 77.25, SD = 16.58). Serum level also correlated significantly with rheumatoid factor (P = 0.004), swollen joint count (P = 0.004), and with DAS-28 CRP score (0.034). There was no significant correlation between MCP-1 and tender joint count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, CRP, or radiographic changes. Conclusion Serum MCP-1 is a useful biomarker in monitoring RA activity.","PeriodicalId":260758,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Obesity, Diabetes and Endocrinology","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126706681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of serum endocan as a marker of diabetic nephropathy","authors":"Rania Bahriz, Amr Elprawy, MohamadS Abd Alhamid Aladlany, Mohamed Atwa","doi":"10.4103/ejode.ejode_9_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/ejode.ejode_9_21","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":260758,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Obesity, Diabetes and Endocrinology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126118645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of serum apelin and its relation to obesity-associated hypertension","authors":"S. Assaad, A. El-Aghoury, E. El-sharkawy, E. Azzam, M. Salah","doi":"10.4103/2356-8062.159990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2356-8062.159990","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Over the past few decades obesity has become a major burden on health worldwide. The prevalence of hypertension has increased with a significant increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Recent studies indicate an important role of adipose tissue hormones called adipokines in obesity-associated complications. Apelin has recently been added to the family of adipokines. One of the physiologic functions of the apelin/APJ system is regulation of the cardiovascular function. The aim of this study was to determine the relation of serum apelin to obesity-associated hypertension as well as to myocardial performance. Patients and methods The study included 30 obese hypertensive patients, 30 obese nonhypertensive patients, and 25 age-matched and sex-matched controls. In all studied participants we determined the lipid profile, serum insulin, fasting blood glucose level, HOMA-IR, serum apelin, and echocardiographic results of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function. Results Higher levels of fasting blood glucose, fasting serum insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein were detected in obese hypertensive and nonhypertensive patients. Left ventricular mass index (LVMI) was increased in both obese hypertensive and nonhypertensive patients in comparison with healthy individuals. Left ventricular ejection fraction and E/A ratio were significantly lower in hypertensive obese versus nonhypertensive obese individuals (P = 0.004 and <0.001, respectively), whereas LVMI was higher in hypertensive versus nonhypertensive patients (P < 0.001). Apelin levels were significantly equally higher in obese hypertensive and nonhypertensive patients (6.10 ± 1.88 and 6.40 ± 1.60 ng/ml) compared with controls (4.22 ± 0.86 ng/ml, P < 0.001). In hypertensive obese individuals, serum apelin correlated negatively with left ventricular ejection fraction (P = 0.02) and directly with E/A ratio (P = 0.03). Conclusion Apelin levels are significantly higher in obese hypertensive and nonhypertensive patients. This increase might be a compensatory mechanism against myocardial dysfunction with obesity.","PeriodicalId":260758,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Obesity, Diabetes and Endocrinology","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123563002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of the association of the adiponectin gene single-nucleotide polymorphism 45T/G with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Egyptian diabetic patients","authors":"S. Ooda, M. Elbelbesy, Nargues M. Hassanein, Ola Elgaddar, Hassan M Bachlah","doi":"10.4103/2356-8062.184402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2356-8062.184402","url":null,"abstract":"Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common multifactorial genetic disease. Adiponectin is a hormone produced solely by adipocytes and is a regulator of glucose and energy homeostasis. A number of genes and polymorphisms have been reproducibly associated with T2DM in a variety of studies. The gene ADIPOQ, encoding adiponectin, was found to be the main locus contributing to variations in adiponectin serum levels. Objective The aim of the work was to investigate the association between single-nucleotide polymorphism in exon 2 (45T/G) of the adiponectin gene with serum adiponectin level, and the occurrence of T2DM, which could allow proper management and genetic counseling for the high-risk carrier. Patients and methods The study included 40 patients with T2DM and 40 normal individuals with no family history of diabetes mellitus. BMI, serum fasting and postprandial glucose, lipid profile, fasting insulin, and adiponectin were measured. Molecular study for adiponectin 45T/G gene polymorphism was carried out. Results There was no statistically significant difference found when either genotype or allele frequencies were compared between the two groups. Conclusion Single-nucleotide polymorphism 45T/G of adiponectin gene was not associated with T2DM.","PeriodicalId":260758,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Obesity, Diabetes and Endocrinology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124727469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of different biochemical markers and imaging modalities in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with and without albuminuria","authors":"A. Ebeid, D. Hashad, M. Sadaka, Mohamed A. Elshafie, M. Sakr, Samah Idris","doi":"10.4103/2356-8062.197572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/2356-8062.197572","url":null,"abstract":"Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of albuminuria on different biochemical markers, different target organs, and subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Patients and methods Sixty T2DM patients were divided into three equal groups according to their levels of albuminuria − namely, normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria, and macroalbuminuria. Renal function tests, glycemic status markers, serum electrolytes, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, fibroblast growth factor 23, vitamin D, intact parathyroid hormone, and fractional excretion of phosphate (FePO4) were measured. Patients also underwent renal arterial duplex, Doppler echocardiography, and estimation of the carotid intima–media thickness. Results Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine clearance were significantly higher in patients with albuminuria. Fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin levels were significantly higher in patients with albuminuria. There were no statistically significant differences among the studied groups as regards serum electrolytes. Fibroblast growth factor 23 levels were significantly higher in patients with albuminuria. In patients with macroalbuminuria, vitamin D levels were significantly lower, whereas intact parathyroid hormone and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels were significantly higher. There were no statistically significant differences among the studied groups as regards FePO4. There were no statistically significant differences between the studied groups as regards renal resistive indices, presence or absence of left ventricular hypertrophy, or carotid intima–media thickness. Left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly lower in patients with albuminuria. Conclusion In T2DM patients with albuminuria (especially macroalbuminuria), several markers of renal complications are elevated, denoting a high-risk population for the development of end-stage renal disease. Moreover, markers of asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction were observed, denoting a higher risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.","PeriodicalId":260758,"journal":{"name":"Egyptian Journal of Obesity, Diabetes and Endocrinology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126377224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}