{"title":"Eductive Stability May not Imply Evolutionary Stability in the Presence of Information Costs","authors":"A. Naimzada, M. Pireddu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3381809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3381809","url":null,"abstract":"Founded on a Muthian cobweb model, this study extends the evolutionary setting in Hommes and Wagener (2010), by assuming that agents face heterogeneous information costs. We prove that the equilibrium, when globally eductively stable, may be unstable under evolutionary learning.","PeriodicalId":260073,"journal":{"name":"Mathematics eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131307111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Generalization of Quantum Theory","authors":"J. Chen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3370398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3370398","url":null,"abstract":"We generalize matter wave theory by replacing Planck’s constant with a general parameter. Then we solve for the existence of standing wave solutions in the hydrogen atomic system to recover Planck’s constant. The method can be applied to other physical systems to find their corresponding constants. For solar system, we use the corresponding constant to substitute Planck’s constant in Schrodinger equation and solve it to obtain the radius to the sun of the planets, which are consistent with empirical data. Quantum theory can be generalized to different physical systems by substituting Planck’s constant with their characteristic constants.","PeriodicalId":260073,"journal":{"name":"Mathematics eJournal","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123952972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deconstructing the Yield Curve","authors":"Richard K. Crump, Nikolay Gospodinov","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3368414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3368414","url":null,"abstract":"We investigate the factor structure of the term structure of interest rates and argue that characterizing the minimal dimension of the data generating process is more challenging than currently appreciated. As a result, inference procedures for yield curve models that commit to a parsimoniously parameterized factor structure may be omitting important information about the underlying true factor space. To circumvent these difficulties, we introduce a novel nonparametric bootstrap that is robust to general forms of time and cross-sectional dependence and conditional heteroskedasticity of unknown form. We show that our bootstrap procedure is asymptotically valid and exhibits excellent finite-sample properties in simulations. We demonstrate the applicability of our results in two empirical exercises: first, we show that measures of equity market tail risk and the state of the macroeconomy predict bond returns beyond the level or slope of the yield curve; second, we provide a bootstrap-based bias correction and confidence intervals for the probability of recession based on the shape of the yield curve. Our results apply more generally to all assets with a finite maturity structure.","PeriodicalId":260073,"journal":{"name":"Mathematics eJournal","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125342220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alessandro Pogliani, Federico Paganini, Marilena Rata
{"title":"The Implicit Constraints of Fundamental Review of the Trading Book Profit-and-Loss-Attribution Testing and a Possible Alternative Framework","authors":"Alessandro Pogliani, Federico Paganini, Marilena Rata","doi":"10.21314/JOR.2018.404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21314/JOR.2018.404","url":null,"abstract":"The Fundamental Review of the Trading Book (FRTB) is a relatively new regulatory framework, proposed by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision and dedicated to market risk. Its major innovation is the profit-and-loss-attribution (PLA) test, a tool designed to verify the alignment between theoretical changes in a trading desk portfolio’s value, based on an institution’s risk-measurement model (risk theoretical profit-and-loss (RTPL)), and hypothetical changes in a trading desk portfolio’s value, based on an institution’s accounting/front-office pricing model (hypothetical profit-and-loss (HPL)). The theoretical and numerical results presented in this paper highlight the very strong, implicit constraints embedded in PLA and the generally low probability of conducting a successful PLA test; these results support industry concerns related to the proposed regulatory requirements. Moreover, numerical tests aimed at assessing whether RTPL and HPL are sufficiently close show that the proposed alternative framework based on statistical hypothesis testing, together with the imposition of a minimum correlation level between RTPL and HPL, appears to be a robust approach in terms of statistical discriminatory power, reactivity and sensitivity to outliers.","PeriodicalId":260073,"journal":{"name":"Mathematics eJournal","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121484528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Welfare Egalitarianism in Surplus-Sharing Problems and Convex Games","authors":"P. Calleja, Francesc Llerena, Peter Sudhölter","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3355484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3355484","url":null,"abstract":"We show that the constrained egalitarian surplus-sharing rule, which divides the surplus so that the poorer players’ resulting payoffs become equal but not larger than any remaining player’s status quo payoff, is characterized by Pareto optimality, path independence, both well-known, and less first (LF), requiring that a player does not gain if her status quo payoff exceeds that of another player by the surplus. This result is used to show that, on the domain of convex games, Dutta-Ray’s egalitarian solution is characterized by aggregate monotonicity (AM), bounded pairwise fairness, resembling LF, and the bilateral reduced game property (2-RGP) a la Davis and Maschler. We show that 2-RGP can be replaced by individual rationality and bilateral consistency a la Hart and Mas-Colell. We prove that the egalitarian solution is the unique core selection that satisfies AM and bounded richness, requiring that the poorest players cannot be made richer within the core. Replacing “poorest” by “poorer” allows to eliminate AM.","PeriodicalId":260073,"journal":{"name":"Mathematics eJournal","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125349593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bias Regularization in Neural Network Models for General Insurance Pricing","authors":"Mario V. Wuthrich","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3347177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3347177","url":null,"abstract":"Generalized linear models have the important property of providing unbiased estimates on a portfolio level. This implies that generalized linear models manage to provide accurate prices on a portfolio level. On the other hand, neural networks may provide very accurate prices on an individual policy level, but state-of-the-art use of neural networks does not pay attention to unbiasedness on a portfolio level. In fact, this is an implicit consequence of using early stopping rules in gradient descent methods for model fitting. In the present paper we discuss this deficiency and we provide two different techniques that remove this drawback of neural network model fitting.","PeriodicalId":260073,"journal":{"name":"Mathematics eJournal","volume":"16 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125887493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Testing for Asset Price Bubbles: An Invariance Theorem","authors":"R. Jarrow, P. Protter, J. San Martín","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3348043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3348043","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides an invariance theorem that facilitates testing for the existence of an asset price bubble in a market where the price evolves as a Markov diffusion process. The test involves only the properties of the price process’ quadratic variation under the statistical probability. It does not require an estimate of either the equivalent local martingale measure or the asset’s drift. Various examples are provided that illustrate applications of the invariance theorem to stochastic volatility price processes in incomplete markets.","PeriodicalId":260073,"journal":{"name":"Mathematics eJournal","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129011619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Study on the Performance Impact of Garment Manufacturing Firms Based on Green Supply Chains","authors":"Jian Li, Yong-Seok Seo","doi":"10.16980/JITC.15.1.201902.57","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16980/JITC.15.1.201902.57","url":null,"abstract":"This study analyzes the situation of garment manufacturing in Jiangsu province, and the problems of green supply chain management based on the understanding of the present situation of green supply chain management theory at home and abroad in order to increase the understanding of cooperative supply chains between Korea and China. Through a questionnaire survey on the constraints of green supply chain management in the Jiangsu clothing manufacturing industry, the relationship between green supply chain management (green purchasing, green production, green recovery), green competitiveness, and the enterprise performance of the garment manufacturing industry in the Jiangsu coastal area are studied using the SPSS21.0 and AMOS21.0 statistical tools. It was found that there are significant positive effects between green procurement, green production, green recycling, and enterprise green competitiveness, significant positive effects between green procurement, green production, green recycling, and enterprise environmental benefits, and significant positive effects between green production, green recycling, and enterprise environmental benefits. Finally, some suggestions are put forward to promote green supply chain management in garment manufacturing enterprises.","PeriodicalId":260073,"journal":{"name":"Mathematics eJournal","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124088599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Perturbative Solution of GARCH(1,1) model within the Many-Body Theory","authors":"O. Sharia","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3332819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3332819","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we derive an approximate unconditional distribution for normal GARCH(1, 1) model by application of perturbation theory. We compute the characteristic function and distribution up to the fourth order approximation. Additionally, we derive an integral equation for the characteristic function. By application of Dyson equation, we develop a new method for calculating distribution from the characteristic function. Utilizing self-similarity transformation in parametric space, we improve the accuracy of our results, especially in the neighborhood of α + β = 1. Kullback-Leibler divergence, computed against simulated data shows good performance of the approximation.","PeriodicalId":260073,"journal":{"name":"Mathematics eJournal","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126520844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Determining Distribution for the Product of Random Variables by Using Copulas","authors":"S. Ly, Kim-Hung Pho, S. Ly, W. Wong","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3430862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3430862","url":null,"abstract":"Determining distributions of the functions of random variables is one of the most important problems in statistics and applied mathematics because distributions of functions have wide range of applications in numerous areas in economics, finance, risk management, science, and others. However, most studies only focus on the distribution of independent variables or focus on some common distributions such as multivariate normal joint distributions for the functions of dependent random variables. To bridge the gap in the literature, in this paper, we first derive the general formulas to determine both density and distribution of the product for two or more random variables via copulas to capture the dependence structures among the variables. We then propose an approach combining Monte Carlo algorithm, graphical approach, and numerical analysis to efficiently estimate both density and distribution. We illustrate our approach by examining the shapes and behaviors of both density and distribution of the product for two log-normal random variables on several different copulas, including Gaussian, Student-t, Clayton, Gumbel, Frank, and Joe Copulas, and estimate some common measures including Kendall’s coefficient, mean, median, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis for the distributions. We found that different types of copulas affect the behavior of distributions differently. In addition, we also discuss the behaviors via all copulas above with the same Kendall’s coefficient. Our results are the foundation of any further study that relies on the density and cumulative probability functions of product for two or more random variables. Thus, the theory developed in this paper is useful for academics, practitioners, and policy makers.","PeriodicalId":260073,"journal":{"name":"Mathematics eJournal","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115426907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}