ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering最新文献

{"title":"Immobilizing Lead Ions via Supramolecular Sequestration Enables Efficient and Eco-Friendly Perovskite Solar Cells","authors":"Haoliang Cheng*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yaru Li,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Peng Mao,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jun Lv,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Mengyuan Li,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Shen Xing,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Po-Chuan Yang,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Yufei Zhong*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c08870","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c08870","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Solution processing renders perovskite solar cells low-cost and scalable, yet defect formation and lead-induced environmental toxicity hinder their practical application to date. Herein, we propose a synergistic strategy that mitigates the above issues. We introduce a ring-shaped supermolecule, containing functional groups that interact with lead ions in the perovskite lattice, into perovskite precursors. Particularly, we find that excessive unreacted PbI₂ is minimized due to the insertion of this molecule during two-step fabrication. Additionally, the multisite interaction between this molecule and perovskites renders defect passivation and improved film morphology. More importantly, the ring-shaped supramolecular structure immobilizes Pb ions in the perovskite lattice via host–guest sequestration, leading to substantially reduced ion leakage of the device in an aqueous immersion test. Eventually, this process yielded an inverted device with a high power conversion efficiency (25.13%) and excellent stability (&gt;90% retention after 1000 h of continuous illumination). Such results reflect the successful multifunctionality of our supermolecule and shed light on strategies for designing efficient additives toward environmentally friendly perovskite solar cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":25,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering","volume":"13 38","pages":"16204–16210"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145073034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Light-Induced Ion Transport and Energy Harvesting through Aramid Nanofiber-Functionalized Indium Selenide Nanochannels","authors":"Guoliang Yang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Lifeng Wang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yuxi Ma,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Tairan Yang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Qi Han,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jinqiu Chen,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yuyu Su,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yozelin Zavala-Galindo,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Weiwei Lei*,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Dan Liu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c03950","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c03950","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Nanopores and nanofluidic techniques have garnered significant attention over recent decades due to their vast potential in applications, such as ion sieving, energy conversion, and signal transmission. However, existing materials face challenges related to efficiency and stability, which impede practical applications. This study prepared freestanding aramid nanofiber-functionalized indium selenide (InSe) membranes designed to enhance ion transport and energy harvesting under light illumination. These composite membranes, which incorporate one-dimensional aramid nanofibers, exhibit superior mechanical strength compared with pure InSe membranes and demonstrate surface-charge-governed ion transport behavior. When exposed to light, ion migration is significantly enhanced due to the increased surface charge density of the nanochannels. Under blue light irradiation with a 3000-fold concentration gradient, the output power density of the membrane device increased by 56.4%. Consequently, InSe-based membranes exhibit great potential in light-induced ion transport for desalination, ion recovery, energy conversion, and other practical uses.</p>","PeriodicalId":25,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering","volume":"13 38","pages":"15839–15846"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145073046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Nonionic Surfactant-Mediated Butyric Acid Extraction through Fermentation Medium Salt Augmentation","authors":"Kristel M. Gatdula,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;August A. Gallo,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;William E. Holmes,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Andrei Chistoserdov,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Mark E. Zappi,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Rafael A. Hernandez,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Emmanuel D. Revellame*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c07911","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c07911","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Nonionic surfactant (NIS)-mediated extraction offers a promising approach to recover volatile organic acids like butyric acid from fermentation broths but often suffers from poor phase separation and selectivity. This study examines how salt type, concentration, and their interaction influence butyric acid recovery and distribution or partition coefficient (<i>K</i>_p) in an Ecosurf EH-3 NIS system. Results show that higher salt concentrations generally enhanced extraction of the acid with anion identity exerting the strongest effect, complemented by cation contributions, consistent with the Hofmeister series. Notably, FeSO₄·7H₂O and KH₂PO₄ exhibited synergistic salting-out effects. Response surface analysis identified optimal abiotic conditions (0.67 M KH₂PO₄ and 0.28 M FeSO₄·7H₂O), achieving 92.60% recovery and a <i>K</i>_p of 6.70. However, biotic tests revealed that moderate salt levels (0.20 M KH₂PO₄ and 0.05 M FeSO₄·7H₂O) best maintained <i>Clostridium tyrobutyricum</i> viability while delivering 70.97% butyric acid recovery, a <i>K</i>_p of 4.25, and a selectivity of 4.91, demonstrating the potential of salt augmentation for integrated fermentation-extraction systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":25,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering","volume":"13 38","pages":"16154–16164"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145073037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluoride-Promoted Recovery of Tungsten from Scrap in Na2WO4 Molten Salt: A Mechanistic Study","authors":"Jie Gao,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Liwen Zhang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Guangyue Li,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yun Gao*,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Xiaoli Xi*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c06178","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c06178","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Tungsten is widely applied in aerospace materials and precision machinery, but due to its high price and scarce resources, realizing the recovery and reuse of tungsten is urgent. The extraction of tungsten by Na₂WO₄ molten salt electrolysis is an emerging industrial route. In this study, the effect of fluoride on tungsten deposition is further investigated by adding NaF to the electrolysis system. The products of the cathodic attachment are characterized as tungsten monomers. Raman spectroscopic characterization verifies that the addition of fluoride enables the formation of the O–W–F bonds in the molten salt structure. The deposition potential of tungsten ions becomes lower with the increase of fluoride content, as demonstrated, and the reduction step is gradually turned from 3 steps to 1 step. Meanwhile, the deposition impedance of tungsten ions also decreases gradually, indicating that the fluoride can promote the deposition of tungsten at the cathode. DFT calculations and in situ Raman spectroscopy further verified the promotion of fluoride on the deposition of tungsten ions. This study provides theoretical support for the electrolytic recovery and recycling of tungsten.</p>","PeriodicalId":25,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering","volume":"13 38","pages":"16036–16045"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145073044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Designing of Bifunctional Ligand for Effective Cu(I)-Catalyzed C–N Cross-Coupling in Aqueous Micellar Conditions","authors":"Priya Mata,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Rajan Yadav,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Susanta Hazra*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c06245","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c06245","url":null,"abstract":"<p >We designed a hydrophobic, bifunctional ligand derived from 6-hydroxypicolinamide and harnessed its synergy with micelles to enable effective Cu-catalyzed C–N cross-coupling in water. A comprehensive investigation was conducted to elucidate the cooperative role of the micellar environment and the ligand to promote reaction efficiently. Micellar size and morphological evolution in the presence of a catalyst and substrate were analyzed using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). The formation and stabilization of the Cu catalyst in aqueous CNSL-1000-M were confirmed by UV–visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Notably, the micellar system outperformed conventional organic solvents─including DMF, 1,4-dioxane, DMSO, and toluene─in both catalytic activity and selectivity. Additionally, the aqueous CNSL-1000-M can be used as a recyclable reaction medium, and the broad applicability of this method was demonstrated across 33 substrates and further validated in a gram-scale reaction.</p>","PeriodicalId":25,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering","volume":"13 38","pages":"15763–15770"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145073035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxic Effect of Tin-Based Catalysts on Polymer Biodegradation","authors":"Alex Zappi,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Katharina A. Fransen,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Sarah H. M. Av-Ron,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Gabrielle Godbille-Cardona,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Natalie Mamrol,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Kristala L. J. Prather*,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Bradley D. Olsen*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c10454","DOIUrl":"10.1021/acssuschemeng.4c10454","url":null,"abstract":"<p >As the global plastic waste crisis intensifies, there is a growing need for the development of degradable materials to prevent the widespread environmental accumulation of plastics. As researchers have explored different chemical structures to find polymers with both favorable performance and biodegradability, little attention has been paid to residual polymerization catalysts and their effect on biodegradation. There has been some concern that residual transition metal catalysts could have a toxic effect on degrading microorganisms, especially in testing laboratory-synthesized polymers where higher catalyst loadings are used. This work explores the toxicity of three tin-based compounds widely used in the synthesis of biodegradable polyesters (tin(II)-acetate, tin(II)-octoate, and tin(II)-oxide) to common degrading species. In liquid cultures, catalyst toxicity can be observed to be as low as 0.025 mg/mL, while solid agar plates showed toxicity as low as 0.2 mg/mL, except for tin(II)-oxide, where no toxicity was observed. Using clear-zone assays, polymer biodegradation and species growth were not observed for residual catalyst concentrations above ∼1–2 mol %, demonstrating the enhanced toxic effect of these catalysts during biodegradation testing at industrially relevant concentrations. In all cases, toxicity was not observed equivocally; notably, <i>Paucimonas lemoignei</i>, a widely used polymer degrader, was strongly impacted by the presence of these catalysts.</p>","PeriodicalId":25,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering","volume":"13 38","pages":"15771–15779"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145073036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heteroatom-Bridged Covalent Organic Frameworks for Efficient Solar-Driven H2O2 Production through Tailored Electronic Structures","authors":"Xiaomin Wu,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Dandan Lin,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yanlei Zhou,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Yuting Xiao*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Shien Guo*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Peng Yu,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Renjie Song*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c06983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c06983","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) exhibit significant potential for solar-driven H₂O₂ synthesis but are intrinsically limited by inefficient charge separation and sluggish oxygen reduction reaction kinetics. In this study, we developed a heteroatom-bridging strategy for the precise atomic engineering of pyrene-based COFs (PX-COFs, X = C/O/S). The strategic substitution of bridging atoms with oxygen or sulfur effectively modulates the electronic configuration and optimizes reaction thermodynamics. The resulting PO-COF demonstrates an exceptional visible-light-driven H₂O₂ production rate of 3446.3 μmol g^–1 h^–1, surpassing the performance of most reported COF-based photocatalysts. Comprehensive characterization combined with density functional theory calculations reveals that the superior activity arises from synergistic effects: enhanced light harvesting, thermodynamically favorable O₂ adsorption coupled with a reduced energy barrier for *OOH intermediate formation, and accelerated interfacial charge transfer kinetics. Crucially, we establish a clear correlation between the electronegativity of the bridging heteroatom and the photocatalytic activity, identifying oxygen as uniquely capable of synchronizing light harvesting, charge separation, and surface catalysis. This work provides fundamental insights for the rational design of highly efficient COF-based photocatalysts to advance solar-to-chemical energy conversion.</p>","PeriodicalId":25,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering","volume":"13 37","pages":"15682–15692"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elevated Pressure Effects on Plasma-Driven Ammonia Synthesis: Insights from Experiments and Kinetic Modeling","authors":"Jintao Sun,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Weitao Wang,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Chunqiang Lu,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Xin Tu*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c06251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c06251","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Nonthermal plasma (NTP) presents a promising pathway for sustainable ammonia synthesis under mild conditions, enabling activation of nitrogen without the need for high thermal input. While most studies to date have focused on plasma ammonia synthesis under ambient pressure, the potential benefits of elevated pressure, such as improved thermodynamic favorability and enhanced compatibility with downstream ammonia separation technologies, remain underexplored. In this work, we investigate plasma-driven ammonia synthesis under elevated pressure by combining experimental measurements with detailed plasma chemical kinetics modeling. A dielectric barrier discharge plasma reactor was employed, with the system pressure controlled up to 3 bar using a high-pressure regulator. Contrary to thermodynamic expectations, the experimental results reveal that increasing pressure suppresses ammonia yield in the plasma environment, primarily due to a reduction in the reduced electric field (E/N), which diminishes the energy of electrons available for molecule activation. The underlying reaction mechanism was elucidated using in situ optical diagnostics and chemical kinetics simulations. Path flux analysis confirms that N₂ is dissociated by energetic electrons into N and excited N(²D) species, which are subsequently hydrogenated to form NH and NH₂ radicals. These intermediates recombine via NH₂ + H(+M) → NH₃(+M) and NH + H₂ + M → NH₃ + M to form ammonia. Notably, elevated pressure does not alter the dominant reaction pathways but significantly influences the reaction rates and plasma characteristics. Sensitivity analysis highlights that the electron-impact dissociation of N₂ [e + N₂ → e + N + N(²D)] is the rate-limiting step and has the greatest promoting effect on ammonia formation. These insights offer guidance for optimizing plasma operating conditions and advancing the practical application of plasma-assisted ammonia synthesis under pressurized conditions.</p><p >Nonthermal plasma presents a promising pathway for sustainable ammonia synthesis under mild conditions, enabling activation of nitrogen without the need for high thermal input. While most studies to date have focused on plasma ammonia synthesis at ambient pressure conditions, the potential benefits of elevated pressure, such as improved thermodynamic favorability and enhanced compatibility with downstream ammonia separation technologies, remain underexplored. In this work, we investigate plasma-driven ammonia synthesis under elevated pressure conditions by combining experimental measurements with detailed plasma chemical kinetics modeling.</p>","PeriodicalId":25,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering","volume":"13 37","pages":"15576–15587"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c06251","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Strong Acids for Enhanced Woody Film Production from Ball-Milled Wood","authors":"Yuri Nishiwaki-Akine*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Midori Tsukane,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Tomohiro Hashizume,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Takashi Watanabe,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c07063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c07063","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Our previous study on Japanese beech-derived films revealed that the raw wood material required long dissolution times (3–5 d) in formic acid upon stirring at room temperature. To accelerate this process, we studied the dissolution process of wood and revealed that the addition of a small amount of a strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, or cation-exchange resin, to formic acid shortened the dissolution time from a few minutes to 24 h at room temperature. Visual observations, viscosity measurements, and size exclusion chromatography measurements were conducted by varying the amount of hydrochloric acid and the stirring time, revealing that the higher the acid concentration and the longer the stirring time, the lower the degree of polymerization and molecular weight of the polymer. Tensile tests and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the films prepared from solutions with higher acid concentrations and longer stirring times were slightly more brittle than those made without the addition of strong acid. However, the films were sufficiently strong compared with common plastics. The developed method significantly reduced film-making time, representing a promising step toward the practical application of environmentally friendly wood-derived films.</p>","PeriodicalId":25,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering","volume":"13 37","pages":"15693–15701"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"N–S Codoped Strategy Enables Ultramicroporous Chitosan Activated Carbon for Selective Recovery of Li+/Mg2+ via Capacitive Deionization","authors":"Lijuan Men,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Bi Luo*,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Mingxing Shi,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Heng Guo,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Shuyao Feng,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jiaying Chen,&nbsp;, ,&nbsp;Jiafeng Zhang,&nbsp;, and ,&nbsp;Yefeng Zhou*,&nbsp;","doi":"10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c03923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.5c03923","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Biomass-derived activated carbon electrodes for capacitive deionization (CDI) enable the sustainable extraction of lithium from salt lakes, thereby avoiding the generation of chemical pollutants. However, the insufficient ion selectivity and limited charge storage capacity of conventional activated carbon electrodes hinder their practical application in industry. Herein, we develop a uniformly N–S codoped ultra-microporous chitosan-based activated carbon (NSAC) as a CDI electrode via a green synthesis method for selective recovery of Li⁺/Mg²⁺ from salt lakes. Specifically, NSAC prepared at 800 °C for 1 h exhibits an ultra-microporous structure (average pore size: 0.349 nm via CO₂@273 K) with N and S doping ratios of 11.12% and 1.57%, respectively. The unique ultra-microporous structure of NSAC can filter out large-radius ions and thereby selectively adsorb small-radius ions such as Li⁺ and Mg²⁺. Moreover, adsorption energy calculations demonstrate that N–S codoped carbon layers can significantly enhance the adsorption of Li⁺, Mg²⁺, and Na⁺ while greatly inhibiting the adsorption of Ca²⁺ and K⁺. Owing to the synergistic effect between its ultra-microporous structure and N–S codoping, the NSAC electrode can achieve selective adsorption of Li⁺/Mg²⁺ in salt lakes. Consequently, the NSAC electrode exhibits a Li⁺ adsorption capacity of 53.59 mg g^–1 and an ion removal rate of 18.89% in natural salt lakes. This work develops an eco-friendly CDI electrode material exhibiting excellent Li⁺/Mg²⁺ selectivity and homogeneous heteroatom distribution, which demonstrates promising potential for sustainable lithium extraction applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":25,"journal":{"name":"ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering","volume":"13 37","pages":"15319–15330"},"PeriodicalIF":7.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145104119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}