Four Kingdom Motifs before and beyond the Book of Daniel最新文献_第2页

Expressions of Empire and Four Kingdoms Patterns in the Aramaic Dead Sea Scrolls 阿拉姆语死海古卷中帝国与四国模式的表达

Four Kingdom Motifs before and beyond the Book of Daniel Pub Date : 2020-11-16 DOI: 10.1163/9789004443280_007

Andrew B. Perrin

{"title":"Expressions of Empire and Four Kingdoms Patterns in the Aramaic Dead Sea Scrolls","authors":"Andrew B. Perrin","doi":"10.1163/9789004443280_007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004443280_007","url":null,"abstract":"As archaeologists sift through layers of forgotten ancient sites they often aim to detect social, political, and cultural shifts reflected in the rubble and remains of the material finds buried beneath. Discernable changes in the stratum of a site at times tell tales of dramatic upheavals, displacement, destruction, or reoccupation. In many instances, these layers attest to clashes of peoples existing under and against the long chain of empires that ruled from the Mediterranean basin to modern day India. One after another, powers ascended, expanded, and inevitably toppled to the emerging empire on deck. Empires, however, not only impacted physical landscapes and cultural heritage but also left impressions on the literary imaginations of ancient scribes and communities. One prominent way writers reflected on their relation to the imperial powers of the past, present, and future was by fitting world history into four kingdoms schemes. Ancient texts featuring this motif reveal a conceptual and chronological stratigraphy, idealized and ideologically charged historiographies, and the diverse responses, reactions, and reflections of cultures clashing with overturning empires. In short, akin to the tells excavated by archaeologists, four kingdoms chronologies in ancient literature reflect memories of social, political, and cultural transitions through tiers of time. When put in the panoramic perspective of writings across cultures and corpora, it is clear that speculation on the waxing-and-waning of empires in periodized chronologies was a far-reaching historiographical enterprise. As already established in the history of research, before Daniel beheld a four-tiered statue or watched in shock as four mythic beasts emerged from the sea, there are clear antecedents for this style of historiography in both Hellenistic and","PeriodicalId":258140,"journal":{"name":"Four Kingdom Motifs before and beyond the Book of Daniel","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125003403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Four (Animal) Kingdoms: Understanding Empires as Beastly Bodies 四(动物)王国:将帝国理解为野兽的身体

Four Kingdom Motifs before and beyond the Book of Daniel Pub Date : 2020-11-16 DOI: 10.1163/9789004443280_005

A. Frisch

{"title":"The Four (Animal) Kingdoms: Understanding Empires as Beastly Bodies","authors":"A. Frisch","doi":"10.1163/9789004443280_005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004443280_005","url":null,"abstract":"Put simply, Daniel is a book of empires.1 The first half of the book (chapters 1–6) contains six stories that advocate cooperating with foreign kings as Daniel achieves success in an imperial world.2 In contrast, the second half of the book (chapters 7–12) details apocalyptic visions, which, in large part, center around the end of empires and their replacement with a divine kingdom. Post-biblical interpreters recognized the imperial focus of the book and similarly used Daniel—whether it be with implicit allusions, explicit references, or entirely rewritten passages—when they wanted to say something, even tangentially, about empires. This deployment of the book of Daniel and its motifs became what I have termed elsewhere as the “Danielic discourse.”3 An important part of this discourse was the four kingdoms motif, which was a larger Near Eastern motif depicting a series of empires and which was originally distinct from Daniel. In Daniel, both the narrative and the apocalyptic imagery incorporate a series of empires. The royal court shifts from that of the Babylonians (Daniel 1–5) to Darius the Mede’s (Dan 5:31) and then, finally, to Cyrus the Persian’s (Dan 6:28). The same three imperial settings repeat in Daniel 7–12.4 Beyond the historical setting of the chapters, there are visions in Daniel 2 and 7 that portray a four-part imperial series consisting of Babylonia, Media, Persia, and Greece. Daniel 2 does so with a human-like statue and","PeriodicalId":258140,"journal":{"name":"Four Kingdom Motifs before and beyond the Book of Daniel","volume":"233 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131315364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The Generation of Iron and the Final Stumbling Block: The Present Time in Hesiod’s Works and Days 106–201 and Barnabas 4 铁的产生和最后的绊脚石:赫西奥德的作品和日子中的现在106-201和巴拿巴4

Four Kingdom Motifs before and beyond the Book of Daniel Pub Date : 2020-11-16 DOI: 10.1163/9789004443280_009

Kylie Crabbe

引用次数: 0

The Four Kingdoms of Daniel in Hippolytus’s Commentary on Daniel 希波吕图斯《但以理注释》中但以理的四个王国

Four Kingdom Motifs before and beyond the Book of Daniel Pub Date : 2020-11-16 DOI: 10.1163/9789004443280_010

K. Bracht

引用次数: 0