Veterinary Evidence最新文献

{"title":"Can straw based enrichment treat tail biting in pigs?","authors":"Abigail Liston","doi":"10.18849/ve.v7i3.458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18849/ve.v7i3.458","url":null,"abstract":"PICO question \u0000Can straw based enrichment be used successfully as a treatment intervention to reduce tail biting injuries in weaner to finisher pigs housed in indoor farming systems? \u0000  \u0000Clinical bottom line \u0000Category of research question \u0000Treatment \u0000The number and type of study designs reviewed \u0000Three papers were critically reviewed. All three papers answered the PICO question and matched the inclusion criteria for this Knowledge Summary, providing moderate evidence. One non-randomised controlled trial and two randomised controlled trials. \u0000Strength of evidence \u0000Moderate \u0000Outcomes reported \u0000Veit et al. (2016) found that straw based enrichment can reduce tail biting, similarly, Larson et al. (2018) found straw based enrichment could reduce tail biting, however, other factors contribute more so to reducing tail biting. Haigh et al. (2019) did not find evidence to suggest straw-based enrichment could reduce tail biting. Triggers for tail biting injuries are multifaceted, therefore enrichment alone will not eliminate pen mate manipulation \u0000Conclusion \u0000In view of the strength of evidence and the outcomes from the studies the following conclusions have been made; it is expected that these findings provide enough evidence to encourage farmers to introduce novel straw based enrichment as a treatment measure, however it would be most effective if other husbandry factors could be considered in addition \u0000  \u0000How to apply this evidence in practice \u0000The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources. \u0000Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care. \u0000  \u0000","PeriodicalId":257905,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Evidence","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122681146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When treating medial patellar luxation in dogs is a block trochleoplasty superior over a wedge trochleoplasty?","authors":"Maria Norell Candetoft","doi":"10.18849/ve.v7i3.517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18849/ve.v7i3.517","url":null,"abstract":"PICO question \u0000As part of the surgical correction for medial patellar luxation in dogs, which procedure results in a better outcome for the patient: block or wedge recession trochleoplasty? \u0000  \u0000Clinical bottom line \u0000Category of research question \u0000Treatment \u0000The number and type of study designs reviewed \u0000Three studies satisfied the inclusion criteria for answering the PICO; one cadaver study, one retrospective observational study and one clinical case series \u0000Strength of evidence \u0000Weak \u0000Outcomes reported \u0000Postoperative complications including reluxation rates. \u0000Ex vivo: Trochlear groove depth, patella articular contact, percentage of recessed trochlear surface area, resistance to medial patella luxation \u0000Conclusion \u0000There is only weak evidence to support block recession trochleoplasty over wedge recession trochleoplasty as part of the surgical correction for medial patella luxation in dogs. Both procedures are associated with a good clinical outcome. There are some proposed benefits to trochlear block recession made from an ex vivo study comparing the two procedures. These include an increased patellar volume under the trochlear ridges when the stifle is extended. The articular contact and recessed trochlear surface area were also increased in the trochlear block recession group when compared to trochlear wedge recession. However, the clinical relevance of these perceived benefits remains unproven. In practice, and until prospective randomised controlled trials are carried out, veterinary surgeon preference and previous experience remain relevant factors in choosing which procedure to perform \u0000  \u0000How to apply this evidence in practice \u0000The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources. \u0000Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care. \u0000  \u0000","PeriodicalId":257905,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Evidence","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122331539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of supraglottic airway devices versus endotracheal intubation for use in rabbit anaesthesia","authors":"Sarah Daphne Foo","doi":"10.18849/ve.v7i3.563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18849/ve.v7i3.563","url":null,"abstract":"PICO question \u0000In domestic rabbits undergoing anaesthesia, how does the use of supraglottic airway devices compare to endotracheal intubation for ease of use in achieving a patent airway and maintaining a stable anaesthesia? \u0000  \u0000Clinical bottom line \u0000Category of research question \u0000Treatment \u0000The number and type of study designs reviewed \u0000Five papers were reviewed to answer this clinical question including four randomised controlled trials, one of which was a randomised crossover trial and one peer-reviewed conference proceeding \u0000Strength of evidence \u0000Moderate \u0000Outcomes reported \u0000There is evidence to support that supraglottic devices were easier and faster to insert than endotracheal tubes and were used effectively to achieve and maintain a patent airway and anaesthesia. They were however, more easily displaced and took up more space in the oral cavity. Evidence also supports endotracheal intubation can be used to effectively achieve a patent airway and maintain a stable anaesthesia however, can result in more damage to tracheal mucosa when attempted blindly and required higher doses of induction drugs to use \u0000Conclusion \u0000Based on current available evidence, endotracheal intubation is an excellent option for maintaining a patent airway and anaesthesia in rabbit patients as it is a tried and tested method, however, can cause tracheal damage if conducted blindly. Supraglottic airways devices can be used as an alternative where endotracheal intubation is unsuccessful. They can also be used where speed of obtaining a patent airway is imperative such as in an emergency as they may be easier and faster to apply, especially in inexperienced practitioners without the necessary equipment for safe endotracheal intubation. Supraglottic devices are unsuitable for procedures that require access to the oral cavity and / or patient movement, due to the size and easier loss of seal during movement potentiating risk of aspiration. Both supraglottic devices and endotracheal intubation are superior to face masks which evidence shows have more leakage, dead space and increased risk of hypercapnia \u0000  \u0000How to apply this evidence in practice \u0000The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources. \u0000Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care. \u0000  \u0000","PeriodicalId":257905,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Evidence","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116569407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does treatment with clomipramine reduce cat psychogenic alopecia?","authors":"A. Griesser","doi":"10.18849/ve.v7i2.573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18849/ve.v7i2.573","url":null,"abstract":"PICO question \u0000In cats with psychogenic alopecia, is overgrooming reduced by the use of clomipramine compared to untreated cats? \u0000  \u0000Clinical bottom line \u0000Category of research question \u0000Treatment \u0000The number and type of study designs reviewed \u0000One pseudo-randomised controlled study \u0000Strength of evidence \u0000Weak \u0000Outcomes reported \u0000Effect of clomipramine using owner report of number, intensity, and / or duration of grooming episodes, owner reported clinical improvement, and veterinary measured alopecia, extent of tissue damage, and hair regrowth \u0000Conclusion \u0000The only controlled study found no evidence that clomipramine alone is effective in reducing grooming episodes, alopecia, or improved hair regrowth. Further research with randomised, double blind controlled trials and limitation of confounding factors is required to determine the efficacy of clomipramine alone or in addition to behavioural / environmental therapies \u0000  \u0000How to apply this evidence in practice \u0000The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources. \u0000Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care. \u0000  \u0000","PeriodicalId":257905,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Evidence","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132338268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In dogs with atopic skin disease, is lokivetmab more effective than oclacitinib in reducing the score of a recognised scoring system?","authors":"B. Cheung","doi":"10.18849/ve.v7i2.569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18849/ve.v7i2.569","url":null,"abstract":"PICO question \u0000In dogs with atopic skin disease, is lokivetmab more effective than oclacitinib in reducing the Canine Atopic Dermatitis Lesion Index score (or some other recognised scoring system)? \u0000  \u0000Clinical bottom line \u0000Category of research question \u0000Treatment \u0000The number and type of study designs reviewed \u0000One randomised controlled trial and one before and after study were critically appraised \u0000Strength of evidence \u0000Weak \u0000Outcomes reported \u0000One randomised controlled trial studied the effects of lokivetmab and oclacitinib and found that both drugs were similar in reducing the Canine Atopic Dermatitis Lesion Index (CADESI-03) score. \u0000An additional study was evaluated but had non-standardised data as it was a before-and-after study on use of lokivetmab. The paper noted that dogs’ response to oclacitinib can be used to predict how well these dogs respond to lokivetmab. This study also reported a reduction in Pruritus Visual Analog Scale (PVAS) score between before and after lokivetmab administration \u0000Conclusion \u0000In view of the strength of evidence and outcomes from the studies, there is insufficient quality of evidence to answer the PICO question and so further comparative study is required \u0000  \u0000How to apply this evidence in practice \u0000The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources. \u0000Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care. \u0000  \u0000","PeriodicalId":257905,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Evidence","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134401531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Erratum to: Clinical audit of POM-V / POM prescriptions by remote consultation via a veterinary video telemedicine smartphone application","authors":"Sheila Smith, Tamsin Day, Samantha Webster, Sam Davies, T. Hardcastle, Adele Williams","doi":"10.18849/ve.v7i2.627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18849/ve.v7i2.627","url":null,"abstract":"The original version of the article has been corrected, please see the full text for details of the correction.","PeriodicalId":257905,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Evidence","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122418190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing delayed versus on-arrival administration of a modified live viral vaccine in feedlot cattle","authors":"A. Ambs, H. Moberly, S. Capik","doi":"10.18849/ve.v7i2.502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18849/ve.v7i2.502","url":null,"abstract":"PICO question \u0000In auction market calves at high risk of developing bovine respiratory disease (BRD), does delayed (14–30 days) vaccination with a modified live vaccine (MLV) for viral respiratory pathogens versus administration of MLV on-arrival (within 24 hours of arrival) to the feedlot, result in a decreased percentage of calves with BRD morbidity diagnosed based on visual signs and rectal temperature >40 degrees Celsius? \u0000  \u0000Clinical bottom line \u0000Category of research question \u0000Treatment \u0000The number and type of study designs reviewed \u0000Two papers were critically reviewed. Both are randomised complete block designs \u0000Strength of evidence \u0000Weak \u0000Outcomes reported \u0000Delaying administration of a modified live respiratory vaccine to feedlot cattle may result in lower BRD retreatments \u0000Conclusion \u0000In feedlot calves, delaying modified live vaccine administration for viral respiratory pathogens may result in lower BRD retreatment rates than cattle receiving the vaccine on arrival to the feedlot. Significant statistical data from one study supported this conclusion while another showed numerically less retreatments in calves vaccinated on arrival versus delayed vaccination \u0000  \u0000How to apply this evidence in practice \u0000The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources. \u0000Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care. \u0000  \u0000","PeriodicalId":257905,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Evidence","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115051887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Should we prescribe oral metronidazole or probiotics for acute gastroenteritis in dogs?","authors":"Emily Moore, W. Gordon-Evans","doi":"10.18849/ve.v7i2.393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18849/ve.v7i2.393","url":null,"abstract":"PICO question \u0000In dogs with acute gastroenteritis, is metronidazole faster, slower, or comparable in resolving clinical signs when compared to probiotic administration? \u0000  \u0000Clinical bottom line \u0000Category of research question \u0000Treatment \u0000The number and type of study designs reviewed \u0000Five studies total, all were blinded, randomised controlled trials \u0000Strength of evidence \u0000Moderate \u0000Outcomes reported \u0000The use of probiotics as a treatment for acute, uncomplicated diarrhoea in dogs may improve clinical signs faster when compared to a placebo, but showed no difference when compared directly to metronidazole. Metronidazole, when compared to a placebo, produced mixed results with one study finding that treatment with metronidazole did significantly reduce the time to resolution of diarrhoea, while another study found the difference with placebo was not significant \u0000Conclusion \u0000Based on the evidence evaluated, the use of oral metronidazole will not decrease time to resolution of clinical signs in cases of acute, uncomplicated diarrhoea in dogs when compared to probiotic administration and thus should not be a first-line treatment in such cases \u0000  \u0000How to apply this evidence in practice \u0000The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources. \u0000Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care. \u0000  \u0000","PeriodicalId":257905,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Evidence","volume":"187 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133405415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Propofol-diazepam or propofol-midazolam co-induction in healthy dogs: effects on propofol dosages, cardiovascular and respiratory events","authors":"J. Coward, Mathieu Raillard","doi":"10.18849/ve.v7i2.450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18849/ve.v7i2.450","url":null,"abstract":"PICO question \u0000In healthy dogs, does the use of diazepam or midazolam administered in co-induction with propofol result in a reduction in the dose of propofol required to induce anaesthesia and a decrease in adverse cardiovascular and respiratory events? \u0000  \u0000Clinical bottom line \u0000Category of research question \u0000Treatment \u0000The number and type of study designs reviewed \u0000Eight papers were critically reviewed. A total of six manuscripts were prospective, randomised, blinded, clinical studies. One trial was prospective, randomised, blinded, clinical with a Latin square, incomplete design. One study was retrospective, randomised, blinded, crossover, experimental \u0000Strength of evidence \u0000Moderate \u0000Outcomes reported \u0000Variables assessed in this Knowledge Summary included: propofol dose required to induce anaesthesia (considering successful orotracheal intubation as an end point), changes in cardiovascular variables (heart rate, systolic, mean and diastolic blood pressure) and changes in respiratory variables (development of apnoea, changes in respiratory rates) \u0000Conclusion \u0000In healthy dogs, using propofol-diazepam or propofol-midazolam co-induction resulted in a reduction in propofol dose required to induce anaesthesia in some trials only. Midazolam appeared more effective than diazepam in this context. The dosages, timing and sequence of drug administration seemed relevant. No evidence suggested that using propofol-diazepam or propofol-midazolam co-induction resulted in a reduction of adverse cardiovascular or respiratory events. In addition, although this was out of the scope of the PICO question addressed here, adverse events (e.g. excitement, poorer quality of induction) were reported in several studies when diazepam or midazolam were used in co-induction \u0000  \u0000How to apply this evidence in practice \u0000The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources. \u0000Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care. \u0000  \u0000","PeriodicalId":257905,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Evidence","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121151583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparison of gonadotropin-releasing hormone and human chorionic gonadotropin in dairy cows with ovarian follicular cysts","authors":"K. Kesler, Grace Longcore, A. Russell","doi":"10.18849/ve.v7i2.509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18849/ve.v7i2.509","url":null,"abstract":"PICO question \u0000In adult dairy cows with ovarian follicular cysts, does treatment with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) compared to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) result in a more rapid return to cyclicity? \u0000  \u0000Clinical bottom line \u0000Category of research question \u0000Treatment \u0000The number and type of study designs reviewed \u0000The publications consisted of six non-blinded randomised comparative or controlled trials \u0000Strength of evidence \u0000Weak \u0000Outcomes reported \u0000Recovery time, clinical cure, and interval to conception were consistently evaluated. Many studies also evaluated other fertility parameters such as first estrus or first treatment conception, overall pregnancy and conception risks, and breedings per conception \u0000Conclusion \u0000At this time, there is insufficient evidence to suggest whether GnRH or hCG is more efficacious for treating ovarian follicular cysts in dairy cattle. Ultimately, further research is essential to elucidate which treatment results in a more rapid return to cyclicity for dairy cattle afflicted with cystic ovarian follicles \u0000  \u0000How to apply this evidence in practice \u0000The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources. \u0000Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care. \u0000  \u0000","PeriodicalId":257905,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Evidence","volume":"200 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133839226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}