Veterinary Evidence最新文献

{"title":"Do inhaled or oral glucocorticoids more effectively control feline asthma?","authors":"S. Williams","doi":"10.18849/ve.v7i4.560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18849/ve.v7i4.560","url":null,"abstract":"PICO question \u0000In cats with chronic bronchospasm and airway hypersensitivity (asthma) do oral glucocorticoids or inhaled glucocorticoids more effectively control the clinical signs? \u0000  \u0000Clinical bottom line \u0000Category of research question \u0000Treatment \u0000The number and type of study designs reviewed \u0000Three prospective randomised clinical trials were appraised. Two of the studies followed a crossover design and had a control group, whilst the third study described an interrupted time series \u0000Strength of evidence \u0000Weak \u0000Outcomes reported \u0000The available studies deemed a reduction in eosinophilia on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis, and a reduction in airway resistance as markers of treatment efficacy \u0000Conclusion \u0000There is weak evidence to suggest equal treatment efficacy of oral and inhaled glucocorticoid therapy for management of feline asthma. Higher powered studies would be required before a definitive recommendation can be made \u0000  \u0000How to apply this evidence in practice \u0000The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources. \u0000Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.","PeriodicalId":257905,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Evidence","volume":"126 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126281442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does the use of supraglottic device in rabbits cause less injury than other airway management devices?","authors":"Jasmine Gheini, S. Zaki","doi":"10.18849/ve.v7i4.608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18849/ve.v7i4.608","url":null,"abstract":"PICO question \u0000In rabbits, undergoing general anaesthesia, does the placement of a v-gel® device result in less airway trauma compared to the use of other airway management devices? \u0000  \u0000Clinical bottom line \u0000Category of research question \u0000Treatment \u0000The number and type of study designs reviewed \u0000Three papers were critically appraised, two blinded randomised experimental trial studies and one randomised crossover experimental trial study \u0000Strength of evidence \u0000Weak \u0000Outcomes reported \u0000One blinded randomised trial study demonstrated that the trauma to the upper airways of rabbits during anaesthesia is not significantly different between the use of v-gel® and an endotracheal tube. The other blinded randomised trial study demonstrated that the trauma to the upper airway caused by endotracheal intubation is significantly more than that caused by v-gel® placement. The randomised crossover trial study demonstrated that v-gel® placement causes more significant compression to the larynx compared to a laryngeal mask or face mask \u0000Conclusion \u0000The current evidence suggests that use of the v-gel® in rabbits causes less trauma / injury to the airways compared to placement of an endotracheal tube but not compared to the use of a laryngeal or face mask. However, based on the low number and quality of published studies, this evidence is weak, and better-quality studies are required to support the routine use of v-gel® over other airway devices in rabbits. While v-gel® may be a safer alternative for securing airways in rabbits compared to endotracheal intubation, knowing the injuries this device can cause to the upper airways is useful for managing rabbits during post anaesthesia recovery \u0000  \u0000How to apply this evidence in practice \u0000The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources. \u0000Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.","PeriodicalId":257905,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Evidence","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128481866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine modify canine anxiety related behaviour?","authors":"Nicole Echeverri, M. Govendir","doi":"10.18849/ve.v7i4.585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18849/ve.v7i4.585","url":null,"abstract":"PICO question \u0000Does administration of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine reduce the severity and / or frequency of some anxiety related behaviours in companion dogs, of at least 8 months of age, when compared with no pharmacological treatment? \u0000  \u0000Clinical bottom line \u0000Category of research question \u0000Treatment \u0000The number and type of study designs reviewed \u0000Two studies, both randomised, were critically appraised. Each had a placebo control group and the dog's owners were blinded to the treatments \u0000Strength of evidence \u0000Moderate \u0000Outcomes reported \u0000Both studies provide moderate evidence that fluoxetine, when dispensed at 1–2 mg/kg per day by oral administration and not involving a behavioural modification program for the patient, may reduce some behaviours associated with separation anxiety and / or compulsive disorders. Both studies indicate that a reduction in some unwanted behaviours may be observed after 1 week of fluoxetine medication. Both studies recommend that behavioural and environmental modifications are important adjuncts to pharmacologic treatment of dogs with either compulsive disorders or separation anxiety. Both studies also report that some dogs treated with fluoxetine experienced anorexia / decreased appetite and lethargy, although most of these effects were transient \u0000Conclusion \u0000The clinical recommendation is that fluoxetine at 1–2 mg/kg administered orally, once daily, may be beneficial in reducing the severity of some canine anxiety related behaviours \u0000  \u0000How to apply this evidence in practice \u0000The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources. \u0000Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.","PeriodicalId":257905,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Evidence","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130846647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does clicker training reduce stress in shelter cats?","authors":"S. Travers","doi":"10.18849/ve.v7i4.484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18849/ve.v7i4.484","url":null,"abstract":"PICO question \u0000In domestic cats in a shelter setting, does clicker training decrease proxy measures of a stressed emotional state (behavioural or physiological) compared to no clicker training? \u0000  \u0000Clinical bottom line \u0000Category of research question \u0000Treatment \u0000The number and type of study designs reviewed \u0000Two papers were critically reviewed. One was a prospective quasi-randomised clinical trial, the other was a quasi-experimental before-and-after study with each cat being its own control \u0000Strength of evidence \u0000Weak \u0000Outcomes reported \u0000Both papers reported a decrease in behavioural stress indicators in shelter cats following a clicker training programme. Not all of these decreases were statistically significant and there are large issues with confounding factors in both papers \u0000Conclusion \u0000Preliminary evidence suggests that clicker training can be implemented as one form of enrichment to reduce stress in shelter cats alongside other means. Further evidence is required to demonstrate superiority to other forms of enrichment to reduce stress in shelter cats, especially given the practical limitations of implementing such a programme in most shelters \u0000  \u0000How to apply this evidence in practice \u0000The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources. \u0000Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.","PeriodicalId":257905,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Evidence","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126955096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gastric dilatation volvulus in dogs: utility of lactate as a predictor of survival","authors":"D. Mackenzie","doi":"10.18849/ve.v7i4.537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18849/ve.v7i4.537","url":null,"abstract":"PICO question \u0000In dogs presenting with gastric dilatation volvulus, is an admission or pre-operative lactate level a reliable predictor of survival to discharge? \u0000  \u0000Clinical bottom line \u0000Category of research question \u0000Prognosis \u0000The number and type of study designs reviewed \u000015 studies (12 retrospective and 3 prospective) were critically appraised \u0000Strength of evidence \u0000Moderate \u0000Outcomes reported \u0000At a population level, lower blood lactate concentration, or lactate concentration that decreases following fluid resuscitation, are associated with a better prognosis. \u0000At a population level, higher blood lactate concentration, or lactate concentration that fails to decrease following fluid resuscitation, is associated with a worse prognosis. However, the lower sensitivity across studies means that a high lactate, or one that does not decrease following fluid therapy, should be interpreted more cautiously than a low lactate; i.e., low lactate predicts survival better than high lactate predicts non-survival. \u0000In all studies, there was a significant overlap in individual blood lactate concentration between survivors and non-survivors \u0000Conclusion \u0000Blood lactate level should only be used to help guide broad, cautiously worded conversations with owners as described above. It should not be used to give a prognosis for individual patients. The overlap between survivors and non-survivors, and the high overall survival rate, means that exploratory laparotomy should be advised irrespective of the blood lactate level \u0000  \u0000How to apply this evidence in practice \u0000The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources. \u0000Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care.","PeriodicalId":257905,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Evidence","volume":"430 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116003169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When treating canine diabetic ketoacidosis, do balanced crystalloids provide superior outcomes compared to 0.9% Saline?","authors":"Sara Marella","doi":"10.18849/ve.v7i3.599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18849/ve.v7i3.599","url":null,"abstract":"PICO question \u0000When treating canine diabetic ketoacidosis, do balanced crystalloids provide superior outcomes compared to 0.9% saline? \u0000  \u0000Clinical bottom line \u0000Category of research question \u0000Treatment and prognosis \u0000The number and type of study designs reviewed \u0000Zero \u0000Strength of evidence \u0000Zero \u0000Outcomes reported \u0000There is currently a lack of studies looking at comparing 0.9% saline to a buffered crystalloid solution (such as Hartmann's) in dogs with diabetic ketoacidosis \u0000Conclusion \u0000In view of the strength of evidence and the outcomes from the analysed studies, there is currently no evidence that the use of 0.9% saline or the use of a buffered crystalloid affects the outcome in dogs with diabetic ketoacidosis \u0000  \u0000How to apply this evidence in practice \u0000The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources. \u0000Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care. \u0000  \u0000","PeriodicalId":257905,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Evidence","volume":"159 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114480309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In dogs undergoing extrahepatic portosystemic shunt attenuation, does pretreatment with levetiracetam reduce postoperative seizure incidence?","authors":"Connor Hawes, K. Lazzerini","doi":"10.18849/ve.v7i3.581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18849/ve.v7i3.581","url":null,"abstract":"PICO question \u0000PICO \u0000  \u0000Clinical bottom line \u0000Category of research question \u0000Treatment \u0000The number and type of study designs reviewed \u0000Four papers were critically reviewed. All were retrospective cohort studies \u0000Strength of evidence \u0000Moderate \u0000Outcomes reported \u0000In one paper levetiracetam was found to reduce the risk of post-attenuation seizures. In the remaining three papers no difference was found between the frequency of post-attenuation seizures and the use of levetiracetam \u0000Conclusion \u0000That prophylactic levetiracetam is not indicated for the use of preventing post-attenuation seizures in dogs surgically treated for extrahepatic portosystemic shunts \u0000  \u0000How to apply this evidence in practice \u0000The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources. \u0000Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care. \u0000  \u0000","PeriodicalId":257905,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Evidence","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126523749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In dogs with osteoarthritis, is intra-articular allogenic mesenchymal stem cell therapy more effective than placebo effect?","authors":"Megan Moloney","doi":"10.18849/ve.v7i3.473","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18849/ve.v7i3.473","url":null,"abstract":"PICO question \u0000In dogs diagnosed with osteoarthritis in the hip, elbow, stifle or shoulder joint, is treatment with intra-articular allogenic mesenchymal stem cell therapy, in comparison with a placebo effect, more effective at reducing lameness and pain? \u0000  \u0000Clinical bottom line \u0000Category of research question \u0000Treatment \u0000The number and type of study designs reviewed \u0000All three papers were randomised controlled trials \u0000Strength of evidence \u0000Weak \u0000Outcomes reported \u0000Intra-articular allogenic stem cell therapy is effective at reducing pain and lameness in dogs with osteoarthritis when compared to a placebo effect. Two studies indicated a statistically significant improvement in both client and veterinary outcome measurements. Client outcome measurements utilised included: the canine brief pain inventory; a measure of any changes in pain and lameness based on owners perception, and the client-specific outcome measure; and an evaluation of the impact of osteoarthritis on three client selected activities and how this changed with treatment. Veterinary outcome measurements included veterinary pain score based on manipulation of the limb, veterinary assessment of clinical outcomes and veterinary pre and post lameness examinations, all of which were subjective measures. \u0000The final study identified a statistically significant improvement in both pain and lameness based on owner assessments utilising the canine brief pain inventory and the Hudson Visual Analogue Scale for lameness scoring. No statistically significant improvement was identified when considering subjective and objective veterinary measurements including force plate gait analysis and veterinary orthopaedic examination \u0000Conclusion \u0000There is moderate evidence from owner observation and veterinary assessment to suggest that intra-articular allogenic (adipose and umbilical derived) stem cell therapy has some efficacy for reducing pain and lameness compared to a placebo effect. However, it must be noted that these studies did not compare the use of intra-articular allogenic stem cells with conventional treatments such as intra-articular corticosteroid injections. Therefore, comparison trials are required. \u0000Whilst all three papers showed significant improvements in the subjective measurements, objective data outcomes and assessment by board certified veterinary surgeons failed to find a significant improvement in peak vertebral force or lameness with the use of intra-articular stem cell therapy in comparison to a placebo effect. Furthermore, whilst no significant adverse reactions to intra-articular stem cell therapy were recorded, information regarding the safety for multiple dosing is lacking and ambiguity remains as to the most appropriate lineage and quantity of allogenic stem cells for the best clinical effect \u0000  \u0000How to apply this evidence in practice \u0000The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s","PeriodicalId":257905,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Evidence","volume":"383 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133452943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does trazodone reduce anaesthetic agent requirement in dogs?","authors":"Gemma Stewart","doi":"10.18849/ve.v7i3.530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18849/ve.v7i3.530","url":null,"abstract":"PICO question \u0000In dogs undergoing anaesthesia, does the use of oral trazodone given 2 hours before induction of anaesthesia reduce injectable or inhalant anaesthetic agent requirements? \u0000  \u0000Clinical bottom line \u0000Category of research question \u0000Treatment \u0000The number and type of study designs reviewed \u0000Two randomised controlled trials were critically appraised \u0000Strength of evidence \u0000Moderate \u0000Outcomes reported \u0000Trazodone was shown to have a significant isoflurane minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) sparing effect for isoflurane. There is also evidence to suggest trazodone has a similar effect on the cardiovascular system as acepromazine \u0000Conclusion \u0000Trazodone should be considered as part of a multimodal approach to anaesthesia in dogs to reduce the injectable and inhalant anaesthetic agent requirements \u0000  \u0000How to apply this evidence in practice \u0000The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources. \u0000Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care. \u0000  \u0000","PeriodicalId":257905,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Evidence","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121497210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An assessment of client and clinician satisfaction in veterinary teleconsultation compared to in-person consultations","authors":"Narakhanti Soenardi, Maxim Bembinov","doi":"10.18849/ve.v7i3.578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18849/ve.v7i3.578","url":null,"abstract":"PICO question \u0000Compared to in-person veterinary consultations, does teleconsultation lead to similar levels of client and clinician satisfaction? \u0000  \u0000Clinical bottom line \u0000Category of research question \u0000Qualitative assessment \u0000The number and type of study designs reviewed \u0000Eight studies were critically appraised. There were six cross-sectional studies, one randomised controlled clinical trial, and one case report \u0000Strength of evidence \u0000Weak \u0000Outcomes reported \u0000All eight studies provided weak evidence of similar levels of clinician and / or client satisfaction \u0000Conclusion \u0000Teleconsultation can lead to similar levels of client and clinician satisfaction when compared to in-person consultations. However, the evidence is weak due to the subjectivity and varied methods of measuring satisfaction. Furthermore, the current applicability of veterinary teleconsultation is still very limited to certain select scenarios in which it is appropriate (e.g., emergency, triage, remote locations, non-complicated routine postoperative checks, nutrition and behavioural consults) \u0000  \u0000How to apply this evidence in practice \u0000The application of evidence into practice should take into account multiple factors, not limited to: individual clinical expertise, patient’s circumstances and owners’ values, country, location or clinic where you work, the individual case in front of you, the availability of therapies and resources. \u0000Knowledge Summaries are a resource to help reinforce or inform decision making. They do not override the responsibility or judgement of the practitioner to do what is best for the animal in their care. \u0000  \u0000","PeriodicalId":257905,"journal":{"name":"Veterinary Evidence","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133949643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}