Bulletin of Siberian Medicine最新文献

{"title":"The role of neuropeptides (oxytocin, vasopressin, neuropeptide S) in the development of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease","authors":"A. M. Avliyakulyeva, E. K. Kindyakova, S. Kuzmina, Y. Gorina, O. L. Lopatina","doi":"10.20538/1682-0363-2024-1-105-115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2024-1-105-115","url":null,"abstract":"Every year, the number of people diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease is rapidly increasing. Despite numerous studies, it was not possible to select a therapy that would reliably slow down the course of the disease and result in its complete cure. In this case, any consideration of the issue related to the search for drugs to eliminate cognitive and psychoemotional disorders in Alzheimer’s disease is a pressing problem that deserves special attention.We collected articles from the PubMed database published over the past 10 years. The aim of this review was to analyze the latest experimental data and results regarding the relationship between Alzheimer’s disease and the activity of neuropeptides, such as oxytocin, vasopressin, and neuropeptide S, and describing the effects that occur upon their administration. This will allow for a more complete understanding of the problem and update information on this issue. The ability of neuropeptides to restore impaired cognitive functions in an animal model of Alzheimer’s disease is examined in more detail.Detailed information on the relationship and positive effect of the studied neuropeptides on Alzheimer’s disease allows to consider these neuropeptides as potential drugs for the treatment of this disease.","PeriodicalId":256912,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Siberian Medicine","volume":"10 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140715450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vulvovaginal atrophy: current methods of diagnosis and treatment","authors":"L. Zainetdinova, L. F. Telesheva, B. I. Medvedev, V. V. Khakhulina","doi":"10.20538/1682-0363-2024-1-134-143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2024-1-134-143","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To review modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA), which is one of the manifestations of genitourinary syndrome of menopause in periand postmenopausal women.Materials and methods. A review of domestic and foreign literature on the prevalence and modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of VVA was carried out.Results. Unlike vasomotor symptoms, VVA progresses with age, causing a significant impairment in women’s quality of life. Symptoms usually begin to bother perimenopausal patients, but their frequency and severity increase significantly in postmenopausal women. Diagnosis of VVA can present some difficulties, as many women perceive their condition as a natural manifestation of aging and do not seek medical care. Currently, drug and non-drug therapies for VVA have been proposed, each of which has its own characteristics, indications, and contraindications. However, the safety and effectiveness of some of them have not been fully proven.Conclusion. VVA is common in periand postmenopausal women. Modern aspects of the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology can significantly improve the quality of life of patients with VVA symptoms. However, further research is needed to confirm safety of the proposed treatment methods, and search for new techniques is required.","PeriodicalId":256912,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Siberian Medicine","volume":"86 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140713535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the cardiovascular profile in patients 3 and 12 months after COVID-19 pneumonia: parameters of arterial stiffness, global longitudinal strain, and diastolic function of the left ventricle","authors":"E. Yaroslavskaya, N. Е. Shirokov, D. Krinochkin, A. V. Migacheva, I. O. Korovina, N. A. Osokina, A. D. Sapozhnikova, T. I. Petelina","doi":"10.20538/1682-0363-2024-1-94-104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2024-1-94-104","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study changes in the brachial – ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), ankle – brachial index (ABI), diastolic function, and global longitudinal strain of the left ventricle (LV) 3 and 12 months after COVID-19 pneumonia.Materials and methods. The dynamics of vascular age and LV global longitudinal strain was studied in 154 patients 3 and 12 months after COVID-19 pneumonia (51 ± 12 years, 48% were women). The control group consisted of 55 sexand age-matched individuals.Results. During the follow-up, the average baPWV decreased (13.2 [11.8; 15.1] cm / sec vs. 13.0 [11.8; 14.1] cm/ s; p < 0.001), and the frequency of its elevated values declined (45.4 vs. 35.1%; p = 0.008). The average ABI increased (1.09 [1.04; 1.14] vs. 1.11 [1.06; 1.17]; p = 0.012), but remained within the normal range. LV global longitudinal strain (LV GLS) (–19.6 ± 2.2 and –19.7 ± 2.5%; p = 0.854) and the frequency of reduced LV GLS (21.4 and 26.6%; p = 0.268) did not change significantly and did not differ from values in the control group. Global longitudinal strain in the LV basal inferoseptal segment improved (–19.2 ± 3.6% vs. –20.1 ± 4.0%; p = 0.032). The early diastolic mitral annular velocity decreased (8.4 ± 3.0 cm / s vs. 8.0 ± 2.5 cm / s; p = 0.023). The LV isovolumic relaxation time was greater than in the control group (101.8 ± 22.3 ms at the 1st visit vs. 92.9 ± 21.5 ms; p = 0.012; 105.9 ± 21.9 ms vs. 92.9 ± 21.5 ms at the 2nd visit; p < 0.001). A positive correlation was found between baPWV (r = 0.209; p = 0.009) and ABI (r = 0.190; p = 0.021) and strain parameters of the LV basal segments 12 months after discharge.Conclusion. Patients with optimal visualization on echocardiography at 12 months after COVID-19 pneumonia, compared to the results of the examination 3 months after the disease, had deteriorated parameters of LV diastolic function. LV GLS was within the grey zone and did not change significantly. An improvement in arterial stiffness was noted, associated with an improvement in the strain of basal LV segments.","PeriodicalId":256912,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Siberian Medicine","volume":"15 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140715305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parameters of the mmp / timp system in assessing the clinical course of pulmonary tuberculoma","authors":"D. Esmedlyaeva, N. P. Alekseeva, M. Dyakova, D. V. Karostik, I. V. Grigoriev, E. Sokolovich","doi":"10.20538/1682-0363-2024-1-77-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2024-1-77-84","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. To study the parameters of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) / tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP) system in assessing the clinical course of pulmonary tuberculoma.Materials and methods. We examined 87 patients (55 men and 32 women), average age 33 [28; 43] years, with a morphologically and bacteriologically confirmed diagnosis of tuberculoma, who received treatment at St. Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology. In all patients, computed tomography of the chest, fiberoptic bronchoscopy, and lung function tests were performed. In the blood serum, concentrations of MMP-1, -8, -9, and their tissue inhibitor TIMP-1 were determined using ELISA (R&D Systems, USA), and the activity of α2-macroglobulin (MG) was determined by the enzyme assays. For statistical data processing, Statistica 10.0 and R were used.Results. In the study group, single and multiple tuberculomas were revealed in 37 and 63% of cases, respectively, necrotic areas – in 50% of patients, external respiration disorders – in 48% of cases, and catarrhal bronchitis (CB) – in 77% of cases. Tobacco smokers (TS) were identified in 69% of cases. Significant differences between MMP concentrations allowed us to distinguish four patterns from the characteristics adopted for the clinical and radiological assessment of disease intensity. It was shown that an increase in the levels of MMP-1 and MMP-9 can be a predictor of tuberculoma progression caused by a diffuse process with necrotic areas and bronchogenic dissemination (pattern 1, 2). Changes in the levels of MMP-8, TIMP-1 or MG (pattern 3, 4) were associated with permanent exposure to a non-specific component of inflammation (TS or CB).Conclusion. Changes in the MMP / TIMP system parameters can be used as objective laboratory protein biomarkers to assess the clinical course of pulmonary tuberculoma.","PeriodicalId":256912,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Siberian Medicine","volume":"39 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140713228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multifactorial, biomarker-based model for assessing the state of patients with schizophrenia","authors":"E. G. Cheremnykh, O. Savushkina, T. Prokhorova, S. Zozulya, I. Otman, A. N. Pozdnyakova, N. Karpova, Y. Shilov, T. Klyushnik","doi":"10.20538/1682-0363-2024-1-85-93","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2024-1-85-93","url":null,"abstract":"Relevance. Objective comparison of biological markers and real clinical presentation is especially difficult in mental disorders, which are classified according to a large number of diagnostic criteria and a wide variety of symptoms. Therefore, the development of an effective system of biochemical markers and assessment of their relationship to optimize the diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia are relevant.The aim of the study was to develop a statistical model that combines known and tested biochemical markers for mental illnesses in patients with schizophrenia.Materials and methods. The study included 47 women aged 18–50 years (median age – 22 years) with the diagnosis of schizophrenia (ICD-10, F20) and 25 healthy women of the same age. The model was based on the functional activity of complement, thrombodynamics parameters, markers of inflammation, glutamate and energy metabolism, and antioxidant defense, which were shown to be associated with the severity of schizophrenia. The listed markers were evaluated in plasma, platelets, and erythrocytes of sick and healthy individuals.Results. Statistical software found pair correlations and features of the distribution of all markers as random variables in the examined groups and evaluated correlations between pairs of markers. Ten biomarkers were identified and united into a system that was adequately described by the logistic regression model. The model was evaluated using the Pearson’s test (χ2(11) = 57.6, p = 0.001) and calculation of correct predictions (91 and 80%) for samples of patients and healthy people, respectively.Conclusion. Calculating the logistic equation resulted in the probability that the patient has schizophrenia involving the immune system, hemostasis, and oxidative stress. This model can be considered as a new formalized approach to the preclinical diagnosis of mental illnesses.","PeriodicalId":256912,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Siberian Medicine","volume":"67 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140713779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hepatic stellate cells and their role in the formation of the progenitor cell niche","authors":"V. V. Zhdanov, A. V. Chaikovskii, E. S. Pan","doi":"10.20538/1682-0363-2024-1-126-133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2024-1-126-133","url":null,"abstract":"The processes of proliferation and differentiation of progenitor and stem cells in the body are ensured by a specific microenvironment, the stem cell niche. Universal components have been identified for all niches: supporting cells, extracellular matrix, and soluble biological factors. A niche is a dynamic system whose activity depends on regeneration needs.The review presents data on the structure of the hepatic stem cell niche and one of its main components – stellate cells and their role in pathology. ","PeriodicalId":256912,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Siberian Medicine","volume":"21 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140714973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New draft classification of chronic heart failure of the Russian Society of Cardiology: are there any obvious advantages over the current ones?","authors":"V. Kalyuzhin, A. Teplyakov, I. D. Bespalova, E. Kalyuzhina, G. E. Chernogoryuk, N. Terentyeva, E. Grakova, K. Kopeva, N. P. Garganeeva, I. K. Livshits, V. L. Ostanko, A. A. Shalovay, E. Y. Pushnikova, V. D. Aptekar","doi":"10.20538/1682-0363-2024-1-144-155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2024-1-144-155","url":null,"abstract":"In the interests of practical healthcare, routine classifications should be modified as rarely as possible. At the same time changes should be discarded only on sufficient grounds, for example, when there are no obvious advantages of a new classification over the existing ones or they can no longer be modified by introducing fundamental changes and amendments. In this regard, the evolution of approaches to the classification of chronic heart failure (CHF) is prominent. It becomes particularly relevant due to the fact that currently experts of the Russian Society of Cardiology (RSC) are actively discussing a new draft classification of CHF. The authors of the lecture gave a brief historical insight and reviewed the main classifications of CHF used in North America, Europe, and Russia. The new classification of CHF proposed by RSC experts, which is actually a modified classification of North American colleagues, does not have obvious advantages over the currently used CHF classification in Russia (since 2002). The latter is based on the classification by Vasilenko – Strazhesko which is familiar to domestic internists, since it has become an indispensable part of their clinical practice and has stood the test of time. In addition, its underlying principles provide the potential for its flexible modification.","PeriodicalId":256912,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Siberian Medicine","volume":"14 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140712937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modern possibilities of MRI-based diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Literature review","authors":"I. Y. Degtyarev, V. Zavadovskaya, A. P. Kurazhov, M. Zorkaltsev, V. Alifirova, K. S. Sukhanova","doi":"10.20538/1682-0363-2024-1-116-125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2024-1-116-125","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple sclerosis remains the most common demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and ranks first among neurological diseases that lead to disability in young people. The most important diagnostic and prognostic marker, especially at an early stage of the disease, is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which currently remains the only method that allows to explore the entire central nervous system in vivo.The review presents literature data on modern achievements in MRI-based diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. Key attention is paid to such promising methods as assessment of brain and spinal cord atrophy, brain perfusion MRI, and diffusion tensor imaging. Implementation of these approaches in MRI can help solve the problem of early diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and determine more reliable markers of a response to ongoing therapy.","PeriodicalId":256912,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Siberian Medicine","volume":"88 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140713822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Features of the lung microbiota in tuberculosis infection","authors":"E. Orlova, O. Ogarkov, L. I. Kolesnikova","doi":"10.20538/1682-0363-2024-1-166-175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2024-1-166-175","url":null,"abstract":"Normal lung microbiota is a small number of transient microbes; however, respiratory pathology may be associated with persistent microbial colonization of the lungs. It remains a poorly understood and mysterious part of the pathogenesis of tuberculosis infection.The review considers the general pathogenetic mechanisms of the effect of lung microbiota in respiratory pathology and presents the main methodological difficulties in the study of the lung microbiome. This review is aimed at analyzing the results of the available studies on diverse microbial composition of human lungs in tuberculosis using metagenomic sequencing methods. Despite high variability of the presented data, we can conclude that dysbiosis in tuberculosis is more often characterized by a decrease in bacterial diversity and enrichment of lung microbiota with anaerobic bacteria. Acinetobacter, Campylobacter, Moraxella, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus, as well as some other microorganisms are indicated as important pathogenetic factors of dysbiosis in pulmonary tuberculosis, the role of which is yet to be elucidated. ","PeriodicalId":256912,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Siberian Medicine","volume":"12 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140715680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Monogenic diseases associated with cardiomyopathy genes and their phenotypic manifestations","authors":"A. N. Kucher, M. S. Nazarenko","doi":"10.20538/1682-0363-2024-1-156-165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2024-1-156-165","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the present study was to summarize the data on the spectrum of genetic diseases and their phenotypic manifestations in case of structural and functional defects in 75 genes, pathogenic variants of which are associated with the formation of different types of cardiomyopathy (CMP). The search for scientific publications was carried out in foreign (PubMed) and Russian (eLibrary) digital libraries. The data analysis was performed using the Simple ClinVar, An Online Catalog of Human Genes and Genetic Disorders, and STRING databases.It was shown that the vast majority of CMP genes are pleiotropic. Monogenic diseases caused by mutations in CMP genes are characterized by a wide range of pathological manifestations in various organs and systems (cardiovascular, nervous, endocrine, musculoskeletal systems, connective tissue, skin and appendages, organs of vision and hearing, kidneys) as well as by metabolic and immune disorders. Therefore, if a patient (regardless of the primary diagnosis) has pathogenic / likely pathogenic variants or variants of uncertain significance in the CMP genes, we recommend a detailed and comprehensive clinical examination. This is important for clarifying the effects of rare genetic variants, identifying significant clinical and prognostic features for CMP and monogenic diseases associated with CMP genes, and identifying risk groups and controllable triggers that contribute to the manifestation of pathogenic genetic variants.","PeriodicalId":256912,"journal":{"name":"Bulletin of Siberian Medicine","volume":"21 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140713147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}