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Human Rights and State Accountability for Fire Safety in Blocks of Flats 公寓楼消防安全的人权与国家问责
English & Commonwealth Law eJournal Pub Date : 2019-06-14 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3414311
Susan Bright, D. Maxwell
{"title":"Human Rights and State Accountability for Fire Safety in Blocks of Flats","authors":"Susan Bright, D. Maxwell","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3414311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3414311","url":null,"abstract":"Two years on from the Grenfell Tower fire, it is estimated that maybe as many as 200,000 people in the UK are living in buildings with major fire safety defects. Some of these blocks are wrapped in flammable cladding, as was Grenfell Tower, but many blocks have other fire safety risks, both known and unknown, for which we have only limited data. With only inadequate recourse through private law for most of those affected, can human rights law offer an effective avenue for redress? This paper will illustrate the UK government’s failure to implement an effective regulatory system for the building and refurbishment of high-rise buildings (especially in relation to combustible cladding systems). It will then consider whether this failure constitutes an ongoing violation of Articles 2, 3, 8 and Article 1 Protocol No. 1 (“A1P1�?) of the European Convention on Human Rights.","PeriodicalId":255520,"journal":{"name":"English & Commonwealth Law eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115667272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
The UK Domestic Gas Electricity (Tariff Cap) Act: Re‐Regulating the Retail Energy Market 英国国内天然气电力(关税上限)法案:重新规范零售能源市场
English & Commonwealth Law eJournal Pub Date : 2019-05-01 DOI: 10.1111/1468-2230.12400
M. Ioannidou, Despoina Mantzari
{"title":"The UK Domestic Gas Electricity (Tariff Cap) Act: Re‐Regulating the Retail Energy Market","authors":"M. Ioannidou, Despoina Mantzari","doi":"10.1111/1468-2230.12400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2230.12400","url":null,"abstract":"The UK retail energy market has witnessed multiple regulatory interventions since its \u0000liberalisation almost two decades ago. Such interventions reached their peak with the \u0000enactment of the UK Domestic Gas Electricity (Tariff Cap) Act in July 2018. The Act puts \u0000in place a requirement on the independent regulator, the Office of Gas and Electricity \u0000Markets (Ofgem), to set an absolute price cap on poor value tariffs. As such, it signals a \u0000repudiation of the overarching paradigm of consumer empowerment that has informed \u0000regulatory remedies to date. Rather than advocating for a different paradigm, this article \u0000highlights the difficulties inherent in reconciling price caps – both practically and \u0000conceptually – with the competitive process and consumer empowerment. It further brings \u0000to the fore other instruments, not necessarily exhausted in retail price regulation, that can \u0000render affordable energy prices, without sacrificing consumer empowerment.","PeriodicalId":255520,"journal":{"name":"English & Commonwealth Law eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121528766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Social Science and the Governance of Crime: Crime Prevention Policy Making During the 1980s 社会科学与犯罪治理:1980年代的犯罪预防政策制定
English & Commonwealth Law eJournal Pub Date : 2019-03-01 DOI: 10.1111/jols.12145
Tim Hope
{"title":"Social Science and the Governance of Crime: Crime Prevention Policy Making During the 1980s","authors":"Tim Hope","doi":"10.1111/jols.12145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jols.12145","url":null,"abstract":"As with much else in Britain, the 1980s marked a watershed in the politics of crime control. This article traces the role of criminological research, developed and articulated by governmental social scientists, in the evolution of penal policy around the (then) innovative idea of engaging the community in the prevention of crime. Its central theme is that although the raison d'être for crime prevention policy and practice, then as now, can be found in a concern about the deficiencies of the statutory police in addressing crime, shifting the locus of social control towards the institutions of civil society was, and remains, a contested project.","PeriodicalId":255520,"journal":{"name":"English & Commonwealth Law eJournal","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"118215321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Donor Intention and Dialectic Legal Policy Frames 捐赠意向与辩证法法律政策框架
English & Commonwealth Law eJournal Pub Date : 2018-12-20 DOI: 10.4337/9781785369995.00016
J. Picton
{"title":"Donor Intention and Dialectic Legal Policy Frames","authors":"J. Picton","doi":"10.4337/9781785369995.00016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4337/9781785369995.00016","url":null,"abstract":"While there is a widely held view that the cy-pres process has fidelity to the donor’s intention at its heart, policy concerns are in fact the main priority of the courts. This was true during the development of the doctrine, and it remains true in the present day. Linking historic precedent to the contemporary law, this chapter identifies shifting legal policy treatments of intention in relation to cy-pres as it evolves over time. It uses two theoretical tools — dialectics and framing — in order to make the critical claim that where courts pay attention to donor intention in the cy-pres reform process, they do so in a manner which is both coloured by and secondary to wider policy concerns.","PeriodicalId":255520,"journal":{"name":"English & Commonwealth Law eJournal","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132675295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Pleading Guilty: Why Vulnerability Matters 认罪:为什么脆弱很重要
English & Commonwealth Law eJournal Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1111/1468-2230.12374
J. Peay, E. Player
{"title":"Pleading Guilty: Why Vulnerability Matters","authors":"J. Peay, E. Player","doi":"10.1111/1468-2230.12374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2230.12374","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the recent Sentencing Council’s definitive guideline on what reductions in sentence can be offered for a guilty plea. We argue that its emphasis on facilitating early guilty pleas represents more than just an incentive to those intending to plead guilty and poses significant risks for defendants with vulnerabilities. The article questions whether the guideline can amount to an inducement to plead guilty which places uneven burdens on defendants and fails to pay due regard to the duties owed by public authorities under the Equality Act 2010. In so doing it asks questions about the integrity of the criminal justice process and argues that issues of cost-efficiency and the constructed interests of victims may have outweighed both the rights of those with vulnerabilities and the objectives of the legislative framework designed to protect them. The issues it raises are universally relevant to any system that favours defendants who offer guilty pleas.","PeriodicalId":255520,"journal":{"name":"English & Commonwealth Law eJournal","volume":"39 9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130997789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
The UK Modern Slavery Act 2015 Three Years On 英国现代奴隶制法案2015年三年过去了
English & Commonwealth Law eJournal Pub Date : 2018-11-01 DOI: 10.1111/1468-2230.12377
V. Mantouvalou
{"title":"The UK Modern Slavery Act 2015 Three Years On","authors":"V. Mantouvalou","doi":"10.1111/1468-2230.12377","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2230.12377","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides a critical assessment of the UK Modern Slavery Act 2015 (MSA) three years after its enactment. It puts forward the following claims: first, that while criminalisation of individuals who engage in severe labour exploitation is welcome, the legislation has failed to increase prosecutions and provide adequate remedies to victims; second, that heavy reliance on criminal law for the regulation of severe labour exploitation is insufficient, because the broader political and legislative context suggests that there is no political will to address structural factors, including legal structures, that create vulnerability to exploitation; and third, that the MSA is too weak in tackling modern slavery by businesses in their supply chains, as existing evidence from business responses to the MSA indicates. The article concludes that despite the passing of the Act, there is much scope for improvement in measures for eliminating labour exploitation, even with regard to its most severe forms.","PeriodicalId":255520,"journal":{"name":"English & Commonwealth Law eJournal","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122938956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
Dignified Second Chambers 庄严的上院
English & Commonwealth Law eJournal Pub Date : 2018-10-10 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3277845
Elijah Z. Granet
{"title":"Dignified Second Chambers","authors":"Elijah Z. Granet","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3277845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3277845","url":null,"abstract":"Second chambers are an understudied and ignored feature of politics, particularly in unitary states. Based on a close analysis of the dignified/efficient paradigm put forward by Walter Bagehot in \"The English Constitution,\" I argue that there is a role for a second chamber as a dignified institution, and examine whether such a chamber is possible.","PeriodicalId":255520,"journal":{"name":"English & Commonwealth Law eJournal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125404756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Law of Electoral Democracy: Theory and Purpose 选举民主的法律:理论与目的
English & Commonwealth Law eJournal Pub Date : 2018-09-23 DOI: 10.5040/9781509916603.CH-009
Graeme Orr
{"title":"The Law of Electoral Democracy: Theory and Purpose","authors":"Graeme Orr","doi":"10.5040/9781509916603.CH-009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5040/9781509916603.CH-009","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter explores the question of ‘theory’ within the law of electoral democracy, by considering what it would mean for such a theory to exist given the contested nature of democracy itself. \u0000 \u0000It begins with a brief survey of the terms in question, including the emergence of electoral law as a field of study and its under-theorised state. It is quickly shown that, outside of a narrow and minimalist conception of a free election as one where votes are cast and counted, there is little agreement on the norms that should determine the law in this area, even on some fundamental concrete questions. \u0000 \u0000Normative coherence however can be demonstrated within competing approaches to the law. A social democratic theory of law is seen to provide salutary reminders. Reminders that democratic politics is collective more than individualist and that electoral democracy is not the whole of democracy. Within that tradition, the distinctive contribution of Keith Ewing to political finance – which he configures as party finance – is discussed. \u0000 \u0000Ultimately a four-sided functionalist account of the purposes of electoral law is offered. The four categories are: Structural Integrity, Democratic Values, Ritual Experience (all insider perspectives) and the cynical/outsider perspective of elections as a Game/Mask. The aim of the functionalist account is to show that whilst normative approaches may be sharply contested, we are not lost at sea: theory can help set the parameters of the ongoing debate over the shape of the law.","PeriodicalId":255520,"journal":{"name":"English & Commonwealth Law eJournal","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130042358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Scottish Feminist Judgments Project: A New Frontier 苏格兰女权主义判断项目:一个新的前沿
English & Commonwealth Law eJournal Pub Date : 2018-09-14 DOI: 10.35295/OSLS.IISL/0000-0000-0000-0991
Sharon Cowan
{"title":"The Scottish Feminist Judgments Project: A New Frontier","authors":"Sharon Cowan","doi":"10.35295/OSLS.IISL/0000-0000-0000-0991","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35295/OSLS.IISL/0000-0000-0000-0991","url":null,"abstract":"This article lays out the inner workings of the new Scottish Feminist Judgments Project (SFJP). Against the backdrop of our discussions at the FJPs meeting in Onati, it discusses the ways in the which the SJP has evolved, including the methodological and theoretical choices that have shaped the project so far. The SFJP is part of a collective and collaborative endeavour that forms part of a critical mass strategy for change. It also offers its own unique insights into the ways that issues such as national identity, as well as gender, can influence the extent to which feminist voices can challenge the legal cultures and traditions in a particular jurisdiction. Although FJPs are only one way of challenging legal orthodoxy, they offer an opportunity for wide scale collective activism and critique across different legal jurisdictions and cultures that could help to bring legal cultural change.\u0000\u0000El presente artículo expone los procesos internos del nuevo Proyecto de Tribunal Feminista Escocés (SFJP son sus siglas en inglés). El SFJP es parte de un esfuerzo colectivo y colaborativo que forma parte, a su vez, de una estrategia crítica en masa a favor del cambio. También ofrece sus propios enfoques sobre cómo algunos temas – identidad nacional, además del género – pueden influir la capacidad de las voces feministas para poner en entredicho las culturas jurídicas y las tradiciones de una jurisdicción concreta, e incluso nuestra forma de entender el propio feminismo. Pese a que los proyectos de tribunales feministas son sólo una forma de cuestionar la ortodoxia jurídica, ofrecen una oportunidad de activismo y crítica grupal a gran escala que une diferentes juridsicciones y culturas, lo cual puede ayudar a cambiar la cultura jurídica.","PeriodicalId":255520,"journal":{"name":"English & Commonwealth Law eJournal","volume":"42 13","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113957926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Please Anns – No More Proximity Soup 求你了，安，不要再吃“亲密汤”了
English & Commonwealth Law eJournal Pub Date : 2018-09-04 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3243865
Bruce P. Feldthusen
{"title":"Please Anns – No More Proximity Soup","authors":"Bruce P. Feldthusen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3243865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3243865","url":null,"abstract":"Under the Anns/Cooper template “proximity” is nominally the key concept the Canadian courts employ when deciding whether to recognize novel duties of care in negligence. This article reviews Supreme Court decisions over the past 40 years. It exposes “proximity” as a shape-shifter and the two-step Anns/Cooper template as a sham. The author argues that the Anns/Cooper template ought to be abandoned, or that more diligence be applied to the template, particularly to the concept of proximity. A clearer distinction between true proximity – matters of relationship between the parties, and distributive policy-making is required. If both are to be employed, the conditions under which judicial policy-making is appropriate must be specified, and the circumstances when such policy trumps true proximity, if any, articulated. The overwhelming complexity of proximity in actions against the government and statutory authorities can be eliminated simply by following the UK’s leading and refusing to recognize unique public duties of care.","PeriodicalId":255520,"journal":{"name":"English & Commonwealth Law eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115854307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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