Legal History eJournal最新文献

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Global Legal Pluralism and Commercial Law 全球法律多元化与商法
Legal History eJournal Pub Date : 2018-11-15 DOI: 10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780197516744.013.1
J. Linarelli
{"title":"Global Legal Pluralism and Commercial Law","authors":"J. Linarelli","doi":"10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780197516744.013.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OXFORDHB/9780197516744.013.1","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple, overlapping, and systemically interactive normative orders regulate commerce, trade, and finance. A diverse set of state and non-state actors produce this plurality of rules governing markets. How these rules operate, what they are, whether some of them deserve recognition as what societies usually conceptualize as law, and their historical lineage, are the subject of significant disagreement and confusion. This chapter offers a taxonomy and classification of the sources of norms and ground clearing on the different kinds of norms at work in the global economy. It surveys the literature on the history of the law merchant, with a focus on whether a medieval law merchant or lex mercatoria existed and if so in what form and content. It explains that while some legal scholars and jurists have offered visions of an “a-national” law merchant going back into at least the Middle Ages, historians are far more careful and skeptical in their findings. It is unlikely that a body of common rules on the substance of commercial law existed in England and across Europe in the Middle Ages, but still the rules of commerce even then displayed substantial pluralism as a mix of rules from different sources on procedure, evidence, dispute resolution, and official rules and privileges applicable to merchants. The chapter also deals with the pluralism of legal orders governing commercial law in the nineteenth century, with the rise of the modern European nation-state. It lays the groundwork for thinking about plurality in present-day commercial law. The chapter explores the contemporary debates about the existence of a contemporary law merchant and a transnational commercial law. It goes on to examine the various schools of thought about pluralism in commercial law. It focuses on advances in law and economics, law and society, positivist accounts attempting to elucidate the conditions in which plural commercial law orders might be understood, and critical accounts questioning whether plural orders in commerce and finance promote power, ideology, and injustice. The chapter covers how soft law dominates the regulation of global finance and banking. The chapter concludes by offering predictions of future domains for plural normative orders governing commerce and finance, in particular with the rise of digital technologies.","PeriodicalId":254768,"journal":{"name":"Legal History eJournal","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121910077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Precario (DCH) (The Precarium (DCH)) Precario (DCH) (The Precarium (DCH))
Legal History eJournal Pub Date : 2018-10-15 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3275948
Eva Elizabeth Martínez Chávez
{"title":"Precario (DCH) (The Precarium (DCH))","authors":"Eva Elizabeth Martínez Chávez","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3275948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3275948","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Spanish Abstract:</b> El artículo analiza al precario, un significativo contrato para el derecho canónico. Se estudia su origen, el desarrollo que tuvo en el derecho romano y su repercusión en el derecho canónico, las diferencias entre el precario o precarium de herencia romana y el contrato de precarias propio del derecho canónico. En Hispanoamérica y Filipinas esta figura se incorporó precozmente al orden jurídico, principalmente de la mano de los religiosos encargados de la conquista espiritual de sus habitantes. <br><br><b>English Abstract:</b> This article analyzes the precarium, an important contract in canon law, by examining its origins, its development in Roman law, and its impact on canon law, in particular the differences between the precarium of Roman jurisprudence and the contracts called precaria in canon law. The precarium was incorporated into the juridical orders of Spanish America and the Philippines during the early colonial period, primarily at the request of the clergy in charge of the religious conquest of the native populations.","PeriodicalId":254768,"journal":{"name":"Legal History eJournal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133871484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hopes of Progress: European Integration in the History of International Law 进步的希望:国际法史上的欧洲一体化
Legal History eJournal Pub Date : 2018-10-08 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3262453
Matthias Goldmann
{"title":"Hopes of Progress: European Integration in the History of International Law","authors":"Matthias Goldmann","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3262453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3262453","url":null,"abstract":"This paper argues that the Treaties of Rome and the process of European integration they heralded had a lasting impact on the development of international law. However, their significance is usually misattributed. While European law has had little impact on international legal doctrine, and while European integration has remained unique as a political project, European law and the process of European integration have served international law as an important progress narrative. In this respect, they have had an influence on important background understandings characterizing international law since the postwar era, including on the perception of international law as universal, autonomous, pluralistic, and economically liberal. The progress narrative culminates in the view that international law is in a normatively ambitious process of constitutionalization, an idea imported from European law. This progress narrative is now under threat as European integration faces existential difficulties.The crisis of European integration might therefore anticipate a crisis of international law.","PeriodicalId":254768,"journal":{"name":"Legal History eJournal","volume":"165 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117037608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
State Action and the Constitution's Middle Band 国家行为与宪法的中间地带
Legal History eJournal Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.2962076
Louis Michael Seidman
{"title":"State Action and the Constitution's Middle Band","authors":"Louis Michael Seidman","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2962076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2962076","url":null,"abstract":"On conventional accounts, the state action doctrine is dichotomous. When the government acts, constitutional limits take hold and the government action is invalid if those limits are exceeded. When the government fails to act, the state action doctrine leaves decisions to individuals, who are permitted to violate what would otherwise be constitutional constraints. It turns out though that the modern state action doctrine creates three rather than two domains. There is indeed a private, inner band where there is thought to be insufficient government action to trigger constitutional constraints, but often there is also a public, outer band where there is too much state action for the Constitution to apply. The Constitution takes hold only in a middle band—the Goldilocks band—sandwiched between these two domains. For constitutional limitations to have force, the government must act just enough—but not too much. This Article’s first aim is to identify and describe this puzzling structure. It also examines a variety of doctrinal principles that produce and, perhaps, justify the state action doctrine’s three bands. The Article then argues that these seemingly disparate principles are all related to the special constitutional problems produced by the emergence of the middle band of government regulation. Finally, the Article concludes with some brief speculation about whether the modern tripartite structure can survive.","PeriodicalId":254768,"journal":{"name":"Legal History eJournal","volume":"335 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131563002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
'A People for Certain Purposes': On the History and Philosophy of Federalism(s) in the United States and Europe “一个有特定目的的人”:美国和欧洲联邦主义的历史和哲学
Legal History eJournal Pub Date : 2018-08-30 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.3241597
Daniel Halberstam
{"title":"'A People for Certain Purposes': On the History and Philosophy of Federalism(s) in the United States and Europe","authors":"Daniel Halberstam","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3241597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3241597","url":null,"abstract":"This brief guide to the philosophy of federalism provides an original analysis distinguishing the flurry of competing conceptual accounts of federalism in the United States and Europe. It draws out and critically examines the theories of sovereignty and federalism of James Madison, James Wilson, John C. Calhoun, Hans Kelsen, and Carl Schmitt, all with a view to understanding the kind of federation we have in the European Union today.","PeriodicalId":254768,"journal":{"name":"Legal History eJournal","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126645703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Union College, Schenectady and the New York State Lottery in the 19th Century 联合学院、斯克内克塔迪和19世纪的纽约州彩票
Legal History eJournal Pub Date : 2018-06-20 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.3212935
Bennett Liebman
{"title":"Union College, Schenectady and the New York State Lottery in the 19th Century","authors":"Bennett Liebman","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3212935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3212935","url":null,"abstract":"This paper details the history of the workings of the New York State lottery in the 1st half of the 19th century, especially how it affected the operations of Union College in Schenectady, New York.","PeriodicalId":254768,"journal":{"name":"Legal History eJournal","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122873719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Античность в Средние Века: Литература, Власть, Право (Antiquity in the Middle Ages: Literature, Power, Law) АнтичностьвСредниеВека:Литература,Власть,Право(古代中世纪:文学、权力、法律)
Legal History eJournal Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3195239
O. Aurov, A. Zorin
{"title":"Античность в Средние Века: Литература, Власть, Право (Antiquity in the Middle Ages: Literature, Power, Law)","authors":"O. Aurov, A. Zorin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3195239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3195239","url":null,"abstract":"The work is devoted to the problem of forms and methods of reception of ancient heritage in medieval Western and Eastern Europe. In the first case, the medieval states of the Iberian Peninsula (mainly Castile and Leon) act as the object of study, in the second - the Russian state from the era of Ancient Russia to the Moscow Kingdom of the XVI - XVII centuries. The presentation of the material is organized according to a chronological and historical-geographical principle. Four sections of the work are devoted to the role of the Roman heritage in the formation of medieval Castilian historiography during the reign of King Alfonso X of the Wise (section 1), analysis of the forms of interpretation in the domestic historiography of the role of the ancient heritage and its influence on the formation of medieval forms of social and political organization on the example of the scientific heritage of the outstanding Soviet medievalist Alexander Rafailovich Korsunsky (1914-1980) (section 2), the problems of the influence of the ancient heritage on the formation of the medieval literature as in the Latin West (section 3) and the study of the religious and cultural perspective of the formation and development of medieval Russian statehood (from Ancient Russia to the Moscow Kingdom), taking into account the wide external historical, cultural and legal context (section 4).","PeriodicalId":254768,"journal":{"name":"Legal History eJournal","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116456420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
¿Más allá de una narrativa del cambio epocal? Desafios para una mirada histórica y comparativa sobre la penalidad contemporánea (Beyond a Narrative of Epochal Change? Challenges for a Historical and Comparative Gaze on Contemporary Penalty) 超越时代变化的叙事?当代惩罚的历史和比较视角的挑战(超越纪律性变化的叙事?他的父亲是一名律师,母亲是一名律师。
Legal History eJournal Pub Date : 2018-04-30 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3291215
M. Sozzo
{"title":"¿Más allá de una narrativa del cambio epocal? Desafios para una mirada histórica y comparativa sobre la penalidad contemporánea (Beyond a Narrative of Epochal Change? Challenges for a Historical and Comparative Gaze on Contemporary Penalty)","authors":"M. Sozzo","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3291215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3291215","url":null,"abstract":"Spanish Abstract: En este trabajo se problematiza la construccion de narrativas del cambio epocal para pensar el presente de la penalidad, como un gesto frecuente en la sociologia del castigo en la actualidad. A partir del analisis critico de la \"tesis de la penalidad de tardo moderna\" encarnada en el trabajo de David Garland, como ejemplo, se identifican dos limites. Por un lado, estas narrativas del cambio epocal se obsesionan con el cambio en el campo penal y esto impide identificar y evaluar las multiples inercias de los pasados remotos y recientes. Ademas esto se articula con la proyeccion de una de una imagen simplificada del pasado que la exploracion historica desafia y suele traducirse en una actitud nostalgica insostenible e infecunda etica y politicamente. Por el otro, una narrativa del cambio epocal - mas alla de sus diversas manifestaciones - coloca el peso de la comprension de la penalidad contemporanea en un plano general, en torno a unas “causas profundas” - precisamente lo que es visualizado como el motor de la gran transformacion social actual - no dando cuenta acabadamente de las dinamicas y procesos “proximos” y que, al mismo tiempo, no solo dan cuenta del “por que” sino tambien del “como” del presente penal. \u0000 \u0000English Abstract: In this contribution, I problematize the construction of narratives of epochal change in order to reflect on the contemporary understanding of penality, as a frequent approach in the sociology of punishment today. By means of a critical analysis of the \"thesis of the late modern penality\" embodied in the work of David Garland, as an example, two limits are identified. On the one hand, these narratives of epochal change are obsessed with change in the penal field, and this prevents the identification and evaluation of the multiple inertias of the distant and recent past. Moreover, these are often articulated via the projection of a simplified image of the past that historical exploration challenges and is usually translated into a nostalgic attitude that is unsustainable and infertile both analytically and politically speaking. On the other hand, the narratives of epochal change – beyond their various manifestations – places the weight of the understanding of contemporary penality on a general level, that is, around \"root causes\". These \"root causes\" – precisely what is visualized as the motor of the current great social transformation – are unable to fully account for the \"proximate\" dynamics and processes that not only offer an account of the \"why\" but also of the \"how\" of the present penal situation.","PeriodicalId":254768,"journal":{"name":"Legal History eJournal","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116596765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Two Kingdoms in a Multi-Tiered Empire: New Spain and New Galicia in the Mid-Eighteenth Century 多层帝国中的两个王国:18世纪中期的新西班牙和新加利西亚
Legal History eJournal Pub Date : 2017-12-01 DOI: 10.2139/SSRN.3272113
Christoph Rosenmüller
{"title":"Two Kingdoms in a Multi-Tiered Empire: New Spain and New Galicia in the Mid-Eighteenth Century","authors":"Christoph Rosenmüller","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.3272113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3272113","url":null,"abstract":"This article casts light on the structure of the Spanish empire by focusing on the relations between two American kingdoms, New Spain and New Galicia. New Spain comprised the heartland of colonial Mexico, and New Galicia lay to its northwest. New Spain enjoyed significant status and to a degree controlled New Galicia and other dependent realms. By the mid-eighteenth century, the viceroy of New Spain sent inspectors, appointed treasury officials, and even wrested the mining camp of Bolanos from New Galicia. Yet New Galicia insisted on its autonomy. Its president resisted the viceregal interventions and finally succeeded in recovering jurisdiction over Bolanos. The relationship between the two North American kingdoms therefore differed from that between other constituent regions of the empire. The kingdom of Quito, for example, was fully subordinate to the Peruvian viceroy in Lima. The empire can therefore be described as multi-tiered and not exclusively characterized by the hegemony of Madrid/Castile over its overseas possessions. Instead, the empire consisted of uneven and overlapping ties between a group of core kingdoms and their dependent territories, and their relations changed over time.","PeriodicalId":254768,"journal":{"name":"Legal History eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120954079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Disseisin, Doubt, and Debate: Adverse Possession Scholarship in the United States (1881–1986) 争议、怀疑与争论:美国逆权占有学术研究(1881-1986)
Legal History eJournal Pub Date : 2017-10-01 DOI: 10.37419/LR.V5.I1.1
J. Lovett
{"title":"Disseisin, Doubt, and Debate: Adverse Possession Scholarship in the United States (1881–1986)","authors":"J. Lovett","doi":"10.37419/LR.V5.I1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37419/LR.V5.I1.1","url":null,"abstract":"This article addresses how U.S. and occasionally English property scholars discussed, analyzed and understood the doctrine of adverse possession between 1881 and the early 1980s. It fills a gap in current American property law scholarship by taking a deep, historiographic approach to a century of American adverse possession discourse, beginning with the ruminations of Oliver Wendell Holmes on possession in The Common Law (1881) and culminating in the famous tournament of scholars featuring R.H. Helmholz and Roger Cunningham (1983-86). \u0000The article identifies and analyzes several major themes that emerge throughout this long century of adverse possession discourse. Those include: (1) constant debate over the fundamental doctrinal nature of adverse possession; (2) frequent attempts to distill the social, economic and systemic purposes served by the doctrine; (3) preoccupation with the Americanization of the English common law of adverse possession, and (4) attentiveness to incremental developments in U.S. courts and modest attempts to influence that development, occasionally interrupted by more radical prescriptive and theoretical critiques. \u0000The article demonstrates that American adverse possession scholarship during this period was generally endogenous, apparently uninterested, with a few notable exceptions, in any social, economic or market factors occurring outside the academy or the narrow confines of adverse possession case law. This article recovers for contemporary lawyers, judges and property scholars the impressive learning and frequently brilliant insights that scholars such as Henry Ballantine, Percy Bordwell, William Walsh, William Stoebuck and Charles Callahan provided in their work — insights, which in many instances, foreshadowed scholarly innovations that appeared in subsequent decades.","PeriodicalId":254768,"journal":{"name":"Legal History eJournal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130301790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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