10th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Switching limits in nano-electronic devices","authors":"Lijun Li, D. Unluer, M. Kabir, F. Tseng, M. Stan, Avik W. Ghosh","doi":"10.1109/NANO.2010.5697728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2010.5697728","url":null,"abstract":"Present day CMOS transistors operate by thermionic emission of electrons over a gate tunable barrier. The fundamental switching energy for each such switching event can be derived from equilibrium thermodynamic considerations. While clever ways can sometimes mitigate the power budget, more often than not, this involves trade-offs with short channel effects (variability), on-off ratio (reliability) and mobility (switching speed). We discuss switching paradigms that venture beyond the near-equilibrium operation of transistors involving the absence or presence of charges as the digital switching bits. To this end, a few case studies are presented. Dipolar switching is invoked as an example to show how gating non-electronic degrees of freedom can reduce the subthreshold swing below the textbook limit by acting as an added cut-off filter on the current. We discuss how new state variables may be engineered into a CMOS platform to enable such non-electronic switching. Another, completely different direction involves non-equilibrium switching, such as a ratchet that allows us to move charges unidirectionally without a drain bias, by using instead an always present AC clock signal adiabatically coupled with the gate.","PeriodicalId":254587,"journal":{"name":"10th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131510518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of a comparator tree based on reversible logic","authors":"H. Thapliyal, N. Ranganathan, R. Ferreira","doi":"10.1109/NANO.2010.5697872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2010.5697872","url":null,"abstract":"The ex<inf>i</inf>sting design of reversible n-bit binary comparator that compares two n-bit numbers is a serial design [1] having the latency of O(n). In this work, we present a new reversible n-bit binary comparator based on binary tree structure that has the latency of O(log<inf>2</inf>(n)). The reversible designs are based on a new reversible gate called the TR gate, the improved quantum cost of which is also derived in this work. In the proposed reversible binary tree comparator each node consists of a 2-bit reversible binary comparator that can compare two 2-bit numbers x(x<inf>i</inf>, x<inf>i</inf>−1) and y(y<inf>i</inf>, y<inf>i</inf>−1), to generate two 1-bit outputs Y and Z. Y will be 1 if x(x<inf>i</inf>, x<inf>i</inf>−1)> y(y<inf>i</inf>, y<inf>i</inf>−1), and Z will be 1 if x(x<inf>i</inf>, x<inf>i</inf>−1)&#60;y(y<inf>i</inf>, y<inf>i</inf>−1). After careful analysis, we modified the logic equations of Y = x<inf>1</inf> ȳ1 ⨁ kx<inf>0</inf>ȳ<inf>0</inf> and Z =x̄<inf>1</inf>y<inf>1</inf> ⨁ kx̄<inf>0</inf>y<inf>0</inf> to Y = x<inf>1</inf>ȳ<inf>1</inf> ⨁ kx<inf>0</inf>ȳ<inf>0</inf> and Z = x̄<inf>1</inf>y<inf>1</inf> ⨁ kx̄<inf>0</inf>y<inf>0</inf>, respectively. The replacement of + operator with ⨁ operator without affecting the functionality of the design helped us in reversible mapping of the equations of Y and Z on the third output of the TR gate which is R=AB̄ ⨁ C. Further, TR gate can also efficiently generate functions such as x<inf>0</inf>ȳ<inf>0</inf> and x̄<inf>0</inf>y<inf>0</inf>. In the proposed reversible binary comparator, the leaf nodes will consist of 2-bit reversible binary comparators. Each internal node (2-bit reversible binary comparator) of the binary tree receives the partial comparison results from the left and the right children and propagates the 2-bit output of the comparison to its parent. Finally, the root node which is also a 2-bit reversible binary comparator generates the 2-bit result of the comparison of the n-bit numbers x and y to evaluate whether x>y or x&#60;y. The 2-bit result of the root node are passed to the reversible output circuit designed from a Toffoli gate and 4 NOT gates to generate three signals O<inf>0</inf>(x&#60;y), O<inf>1</inf>(x>y) and O<inf>2</inf>(x=y).","PeriodicalId":254587,"journal":{"name":"10th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128363560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy for investigation of charge transport in carbon-nanotube enhanced organic photovoltaics","authors":"Liming Liu, Guangyong Li","doi":"10.1109/NANO.2010.5697875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2010.5697875","url":null,"abstract":"As a powerful tool to study surface potential difference at nanometer scale, canning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (KPFM) has been applied to investigate the photoexcited charge transport in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) enhanced organic solar cells. By comparing surface potential images of SWCNTs on regioregular poly 3-hesylthiophene (P3HT) and 6,6-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) blended film in the dark and under illumination, it is observed that photoinduced holes flow from active layer to SWCNTs, which indicates that SWCNTs work as donor materials. The transport of holes from organic materials to SWCNTs verifies that the improved performance of P3HT/PCBM/SWCNTs bulk heterojunction solar cells is attributed to the increased hole mobility in ballistic pathways provided by SWCNTs instead of slow hopping and tunneling in disordered organic materials.","PeriodicalId":254587,"journal":{"name":"10th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128472944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Catalysis of semiconductor nanoparticles towards electro-oxidation of ascorbic acid","authors":"Ming-Yuan Wei, Liang-Hong Guo, P. Famouri","doi":"10.1109/NANO.2010.5698030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2010.5698030","url":null,"abstract":"Nano-materials show great electrocatalysis on redox reaction, e.g. metal nano-particles and carbon nano-tube. The electrocatalytic activity of semiconductor nano-particles, however, has not been reported although semiconductor was widely used as an electrode substrate for a variety of applications. In this work, we demonstrated a remarkable catalysis on electro-oxidation of ascorbic acid on indium tin oxide nano-particles (ITO NPs)-modified electrode. It was found that the oxidation potential of ascorbic acid decreased by ∼800 mV, compared with that on sputtered ITO film electrode. Coupling with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and photoluminescence (PL) emission studies, the catalytic effect can be deduced to relate with the existence of oxygen vacancy defects in In2O3 crystals, one of the components of ITO. The findings could shed light on fabricating novel electrochemical device for biosensing in future work.","PeriodicalId":254587,"journal":{"name":"10th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133262736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesized of ZnO/CdZnS/CdS core-shell nano cable arrays using by chemical vapor transport method for highly efficient photoelectrochemical hydrogen generation","authors":"Yoon Myung, D. Jang, Yong Jei Sohn, Tae Kwang Sung, G. Jung, Y. Cho, H. Kim, Jeunghee Park","doi":"10.1109/NANO.2010.5697922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2010.5697922","url":null,"abstract":"Vertically-aligned high-density ZnO/CdZnS/CdS core-shell nanocable arrays were synthesized on large-area Ti substrates. The outer layers were deposited on the pre-grown vertically-aligned ZnO nanowire arrays, using the chemical vapor transport method. Their shell composition controlled by growth temperature and reaction time. The structural and optical analysis suggests the formation of CdZnS alloy in the interface region between the ZnO core and CdS shell, which would enhance the charge separation by reducing the lattice mismatch. We suggest that the formation of the CdZnS intermediate layers contributes to the higher photoelectrochemical cell performance of the ZnO-CdS nanocables.","PeriodicalId":254587,"journal":{"name":"10th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology","volume":"4 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131846708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanoscale control of unbound and bound states of fullerene C60 molecules for ultradense data storage","authors":"M. Nakaya, M. Aono, T. Nakayama","doi":"10.1109/NANO.2010.5697847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2010.5697847","url":null,"abstract":"The molecular-scale control of unbound and bound states of fullerene C60 molecules has been investigated. We demonstrate that an ultrathin film of C60 molecules and the use of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) realize excellent controllability of reversible switching between the unbound and bound states of C60 molecules at room temperature (RT). One of the two chemical states of C60 molecules can be selectively realized by changing the polarity of the electric field between the STM tip and the C60 film. This methodology for the chemical manipulation of unbound and bound states enables the writing, erasing, and rewriting of binary data in a C60 film with a density of 190 Tbit/inch2 at RT.","PeriodicalId":254587,"journal":{"name":"10th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology","volume":"36 12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133810488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of international standards for nanotechnology and risk assessment of nanomaterials","authors":"I. Yu, J. Ji, K. Ahn","doi":"10.1109/NANO.2010.5698046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2010.5698046","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid growth of nanotechnology-based consumer products containing silver, gold, carbon, zinc, titanium, and silica nanoparticles, the potential for exposure to nanoparticles is also increasing, and workers in nanotechnology-based industries are particularly at risk. Yet, despite an increased concern over the inhalation toxicity of nanoparticles, there are currently no generally accepted methods of inhalation toxicology testing for nano-sized particles and no specific nanoparticle generation methods. For an accurate evaluation of the health effects of nanoparticle inhalation, nano-sized particles need to be generated and transported to a test environment with experimental animals to investigate the short- and long-term inhalation toxicity. Thus, the metal particle nanoparticle generation standard (ISO 10801) based on the evaporation and subsequent condensation of metal (silver and gold in this case) is capable of providing a consistent particle size distribution and stable number concentration suitable for short- or long-term inhalation toxicity studies. Meanwhile, when conducting inhalation toxicity studies of nano-sized particles, it is also important to monitor the concentration, size, and distribution of the nano-sized particles in the inhalation chamber. Therefore, standard ISO 10808 suggests a battery of tests for monitoring the inhalation toxicity testing chamber, including a Differential Mobility Analyzing System (DMAS) to measure the particle number, size, distribution, surface area, and estimated mass dose, as well as a morphological examination using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) or Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and an Energy Dispersive X-ray Analyzer (TEM-EDXA) to determine the chemical composition. Conventional mass dose monitoring and other physicochemical monitoring are also included if deemed a necessary parameter for determining the toxicity. Consequently, the above mentioned standards would appear to be very useful for assessing the risks of inhalation exposure to nanoparticles and providing a solid basis for nanoparticle generation and dosimetry for toxicology.","PeriodicalId":254587,"journal":{"name":"10th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123996212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Groove shape-dependent absorption enhancement of 850 nm MSM photodetectors with nano-gratings","authors":"N. Das, A. Karar, M. Vasiliev, C. Tan, K. Alameh, Y. T. Lee","doi":"10.1109/NANO.2010.5697754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2010.5697754","url":null,"abstract":"Finite difference time-domain (FDTD) analysis is used to investigate the light absorption enhancement factor dependence on the groove shape of the nano-gratings etched into the surfaces of metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector (MSM-PD) structures. By patterning the MSM-PDs with optimized nano-gratings a significant improvement in light absorption near the design wavelength is achieved through plasmon-assisted electric field concentration effects. Simulation results show about 50 times light absorption enhancement for 850 nm light due to improved optical signal propagation through the nano-gratings.","PeriodicalId":254587,"journal":{"name":"10th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127946938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of nano biological clock activity capsulated by lipid layer","authors":"M. Kojima, M. Nakajima, M. Homma, K. Takiguchi, T. Kondo, T. Fukuda","doi":"10.1109/NANO.2010.5697856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2010.5697856","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we try to establish newly technique that the components of the biological clock are reconstituted into the liposome. In other words, we try to produce a nano size clock, capsulated into the liposome, made by protein molecules. The circadian clock is a basic cellular system found in almost all organisms. This clock generates self-sustained oscillations under constant conditions with a ≈ 24-hour (circadian) period. In cyanobacteria, circadian clock could be reconstituted in vitro only by mixing the three clock proteins, KaiA, KaiB, KaiC, with adenosine triphosphate (ATP). So we reconstitute these proteins and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into phospholipid-coated microdroplet and confirmed the clock function. The clocks in phospholipids-coated microdroplet indicate long period more than 24 hour. In this case, period length became 35 hour, self-sustaining oscillation was reaming with little dumping. To reveal why the time cycle became long period, we observed localization of Kai proteins in droplets by using fluorescents labeled Kai proteins under fluorescent microscopy.","PeriodicalId":254587,"journal":{"name":"10th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115548641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prospects of carbon nanomaterials for next-generation green electronics","authors":"K. Banerjee, Hong Li, Chuan Xu, Yasin Khatami, H. Dadgour, D. Sarkar, W. Liu","doi":"10.1109/NANO.2010.5698053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/NANO.2010.5698053","url":null,"abstract":"This paper puts forward and discusses the prospects of carbon based nanomaterials (including carbon nanotubes and graphene nano-ribbons) for designing next generation low-power, low-loss and ultra energy-efficient “green” electronics targeted for computing as well as energy storage and conversion applications.","PeriodicalId":254587,"journal":{"name":"10th IEEE International Conference on Nanotechnology","volume":"161 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114093626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}