2023 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Software (QSW)最新文献_第2页

QIn: Enabling Formal Methods to Deal with Quantum Circuits 秦:使形式化方法能够处理量子电路

2023 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Software (QSW) Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1109/QSW59989.2023.00029

Jonas Klamroth, Bernhard Beckert, Max Scheerer, Oliver Denninger

{"title":"QIn: Enabling Formal Methods to Deal with Quantum Circuits","authors":"Jonas Klamroth, Bernhard Beckert, Max Scheerer, Oliver Denninger","doi":"10.1109/QSW59989.2023.00029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/QSW59989.2023.00029","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum computers open up new fields of application for hard-to-compute problems due to potential super-polynomial speedup. The design of quantum algorithms is complex and thus error-prone, which makes them a prime target for formal methods. We present our tool QIn to translate quantum circuits into a classical host language (Java). As a result, we can use any tool developed for the host language – and thereby leverage the full power of available formal methods for that language to reason about quantum circuits and create a verification/validation toolchain. Furthermore, QIn enables us to reason about hybrid programs, consisting of classical code and quantum circuits. This is crucial as, for the time being, only single subroutines of a program will be implemented on quantum computers. To show the possibilities of our approach, we present an example of a toolchain based on QIn. This toolchain relies on a software bounded-model checker and can prove the correctness of hybrid programs combining the host language Java with quantum circuits. We use the Java Modeling Language (JML) as the specification language and show the feasibility of our approach on several examples including a bounded version of Shor’s algorithm.","PeriodicalId":254476,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Software (QSW)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130252470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Empirical Study of Bugs in Quantum Machine Learning Frameworks 量子机器学习框架中bug的实证研究

2023 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Software (QSW) Pub Date : 2023-06-10 DOI: 10.1109/QSW59989.2023.00018

Pengzhan Zhao, Xiongfei Wu, Junjie Luo, Zhuo Li, Jianjun Zhao

{"title":"An Empirical Study of Bugs in Quantum Machine Learning Frameworks","authors":"Pengzhan Zhao, Xiongfei Wu, Junjie Luo, Zhuo Li, Jianjun Zhao","doi":"10.1109/QSW59989.2023.00018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/QSW59989.2023.00018","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum computing has emerged as a promising domain for the machine learning (ML) area, offering significant computational advantages over classical counterparts. With the growing interest in quantum machine learning (QML), ensuring the correctness and robustness of software platforms to develop such QML programs is critical. A necessary step for ensuring the reliability of such platforms is to understand the bugs they typically suffer from. To address this need, this paper presents the first comprehensive study of bugs in QML frameworks. We inspect 391 real-world bugs collected from 22 open-source repositories of nine popular QML frameworks. We find that 1) 28% of the bugs are quantum-specific, such as erroneous unitary matrix implementation, calling for dedicated approaches to find and prevent them; 2) We manually distilled a taxonomy of five symptoms and nine root cause of bugs in QML platforms; 3) We summarized four critical challenges for QML framework developers. The study results provide researchers with insights into how to ensure QML framework quality and present several actionable suggestions for QML framework developers to improve their code quality.","PeriodicalId":254476,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Software (QSW)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131133046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

ScaffML: A Quantum Behavioral Interface Specification Language for Scaffold 脚手架的量子行为接口规范语言

2023 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Software (QSW) Pub Date : 2023-06-10 DOI: 10.1109/QSW59989.2023.00024

Tiancheng Jin, Jianjun Zhao

{"title":"ScaffML: A Quantum Behavioral Interface Specification Language for Scaffold","authors":"Tiancheng Jin, Jianjun Zhao","doi":"10.1109/QSW59989.2023.00024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/QSW59989.2023.00024","url":null,"abstract":"Ensuring the correctness of quantum programs is crucial for quantum software quality assurance. Although various effective verification methods exist for classical programs, they cannot be applied to quantum programs due to the fundamental differences in their execution logic, such as quantum superposition and entanglement. This calls for new methods to verify the correctness of quantum programs. In this paper, we present a behavioral interface specification language (BISL) called ScaffML for the quantum programming language Scaffold. ScaffML allows the specification of pre- and post-conditions for Scaffold modules and enables the mixing of assertions with Scaffold code, thereby facilitating debugging and verification of quantum programs. This paper discusses the goals and overall approach of ScaffML and describes the basic features of the language through examples. ScaffML provides an easy-to-use specification language for quantum programmers, supporting static analysis, run-time checking, and formal verification of Scaffold programs. Finally, we present several instances to illustrate the workflow and functionalities of ScaffML.","PeriodicalId":254476,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Software (QSW)","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131651487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of HW-SW-Co-Design on Quantum Computing Scalability hw - sw协同设计对量子计算可扩展性的影响

2023 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Software (QSW) Pub Date : 2023-06-07 DOI: 10.1109/QSW59989.2023.00022

Hila Safi, K. Wintersperger, W. Mauerer

{"title":"Influence of HW-SW-Co-Design on Quantum Computing Scalability","authors":"Hila Safi, K. Wintersperger, W. Mauerer","doi":"10.1109/QSW59989.2023.00022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/QSW59989.2023.00022","url":null,"abstract":"The use of quantum processing units (QPUs) promises speed-ups for solving computational problems. Yet, current devices are limited by the number of qubits and suffer from significant imperfections, which prevents achieving quantum advantage. To step towards practical utility, one approach is to apply hardware-software co-design methods. This can involve tailoring problem formulations and algorithms to the quantum execution environment, but also entails the possibility of adapting physical properties of the QPU to specific applications. In this work, we follow the latter path, and investigate how key figures–circuit depth and gate count–required to solve four cornerstone NP-complete problems vary with tailored hardware properties.Our results reveal that achieving near-optimal performance and properties does not necessarily require optimal quantum hardware, but can be satisfied with much simpler structures that can potentially be realised for many hardware approaches. Using statistical analysis techniques, we additionally identify an underlying general model that applies to all subject problems. This suggests that our results may be universally applicable to other algorithms and problem domains, and tailored QPUs can find utility outside their initially envisaged problem domains. The substantial possible improvements nonetheless highlight the importance of QPU tailoring to progress towards practical deployment and scalability of quantum software.","PeriodicalId":254476,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Software (QSW)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132744912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Effects of Imperfections on Quantum Algorithms: A Software Engineering Perspective 量子算法的缺陷效应:一个软件工程的视角

2023 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Software (QSW) Pub Date : 2023-06-03 DOI: 10.1109/QSW59989.2023.00014

Felix Greiwe, Tom Krüger, W. Mauerer

{"title":"Effects of Imperfections on Quantum Algorithms: A Software Engineering Perspective","authors":"Felix Greiwe, Tom Krüger, W. Mauerer","doi":"10.1109/QSW59989.2023.00014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/QSW59989.2023.00014","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum computers promise considerable speedups over classical approaches, which has raised interest from many disciplines. Since any currently available implementations suffer from noise and imperfections, achieving concrete speedups for meaningful problem sizes remains a major challenge. Yet, imperfections and noise may remain present in quantum computing for a long while. Such limitations play no role in classical software computing, and software engineers are typically not well accustomed to considering such imperfections, albeit they substantially influence core properties of software and systems.In this paper, we show how to model imperfections with an approach tailored to (quantum) software engineers. We intuitively illustrate, using numerical simulations, how imperfections influence core properties of quantum algorithms on NISQ systems, and show possible options for tailoring future NISQ machines to improve system performance in a co-design approach.Our results are obtained from a software framework that we provide in form of an easy-to-use reproduction package. It does not require computer scientists to acquire deep physical knowledge on noise, yet provide tangible and intuitively accessible means of interpreting the influence of noise on common software quality and performance indicators.","PeriodicalId":254476,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Software (QSW)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133182358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Distributing Quantum Circuits Using Teleportations 利用隐形传态分布量子电路

2023 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Software (QSW) Pub Date : 2023-05-31 DOI: 10.1109/QSW59989.2023.00030

R. Sundaram, Himanshu Gupta

{"title":"Distributing Quantum Circuits Using Teleportations","authors":"R. Sundaram, Himanshu Gupta","doi":"10.1109/QSW59989.2023.00030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/QSW59989.2023.00030","url":null,"abstract":"Scalability is currently one of the most sought-after objectives in the field of quantum computing. Distributing a quantum circuit across a quantum network is one way to facilitate large computations using current quantum computers. In this paper, we consider the problem of distributing a quantum circuit across a network of heterogeneous quantum computers, while minimizing the number of teleportations (the communication cost) needed to implement gates spanning multiple computers. We design two algorithms for this problem. The first, called Local-Best, initially distributes the qubits across the network, then tries to teleport qubits only when necessary, with teleportations being influenced by gates in the near future. The second, called Zero-Stitching, divides the given circuit into sub-circuits such that each sub-circuit can be executed using zero teleportations and the teleportation cost incurred at the borders of the sub-circuits is minimal. We evaluate our algorithms over a wide range of randomly-generated circuits as well as known benchmarks, and compare their performance to prior work. We observe that our techniques outperform the prior approach by a significant margin (up to 50%).","PeriodicalId":254476,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Software (QSW)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132985757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Architectural Vision for Quantum Computing in the Edge-Cloud Continuum 边缘云连续体中量子计算的架构愿景

2023 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Software (QSW) Pub Date : 2023-05-09 DOI: 10.1109/QSW59989.2023.00021

Alireza Furutanpey, Johanna Barzen, Marvin Bechtold, S. Dustdar, F. Leymann, Philipp Raith, Felix Truger

{"title":"Architectural Vision for Quantum Computing in the Edge-Cloud Continuum","authors":"Alireza Furutanpey, Johanna Barzen, Marvin Bechtold, S. Dustdar, F. Leymann, Philipp Raith, Felix Truger","doi":"10.1109/QSW59989.2023.00021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/QSW59989.2023.00021","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum processing units (QPUs) are currently exclusively available from cloud vendors. However, with recent advancements, hosting QPUs will soon be possible everywhere. Existing work has yet to draw from research in edge computing to explore systems exploiting mobile QPUs, or how hybrid applications can benefit from distributed heterogeneous resources. Hence, this work presents an architecture for Quantum Computing in the edge-cloud continuum. We discuss the necessity, challenges, and solution approaches for extending existing work on classical edge computing to integrate QPUs. We describe how warm-starting allows defining workflows that exploit the hierarchical resources spread across the continuum. Then, we introduce a distributed inference engine with hybrid classical-quantum neural networks (QNNs) to aid system designers in accommodating applications with complex requirements that incur the highest degree of heterogeneity. We propose solutions focusing on classical layer partitioning and quantum circuit cutting to demonstrate the potential of utilizing classical and quantum computation across the continuum. To evaluate the importance and feasibility of our vision, we provide a proof of concept that exemplifies how extending a classical partition method to integrate quantum circuits can improve the solution quality. Specifically, we implement a split neural network with optional hybrid QNN predictors. Our results show that extending classical methods with QNNs is viable and promising for future work.","PeriodicalId":254476,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Software (QSW)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128517896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

iQuantum: A Case for Modeling and Simulation of Quantum Computing Environments 量子:量子计算环境的建模和仿真案例

2023 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Software (QSW) Pub Date : 2023-03-28 DOI: 10.1109/QSW59989.2023.00013

H. T. Nguyen, M. Usman, R. Buyya

{"title":"iQuantum: A Case for Modeling and Simulation of Quantum Computing Environments","authors":"H. T. Nguyen, M. Usman, R. Buyya","doi":"10.1109/QSW59989.2023.00013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/QSW59989.2023.00013","url":null,"abstract":"Today’s quantum computers are primarily accessible through the cloud and are expected to be deployed in edge networks in the near future. With the rapid advancement and proliferation of quantum computing research worldwide, there has been a considerable increase in demand for using cloud-based quantum computation resources. This demand has highlighted the need for designing efficient and adaptable resource management strategies and service models for quantum computing. However, the limited quantity, quality, and accessibility of quantum resources pose significant challenges to practical research in quantum software and systems. To address these challenges, we propose iQuantum, a first-of-its-kind simulation toolkit that can model quantum computing environments for prototyping and evaluating system design and scheduling algorithms. This paper presents the quantum computing system model, architectural design, proof-of-concept implementation, potential use cases, and future development of iQuantum. Our proposed iQuantum simulator is anticipated to boost research in quantum software and systems, particularly in the creation and evaluation of policies and algorithms for resource management, job scheduling, and hybrid quantum-classical task orchestration in quantum computing environments integrating edge and cloud resources.","PeriodicalId":254476,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Software (QSW)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116522858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Quantum utility – definition and assessment of a practical quantum advantage 量子效用-实际量子优势的定义和评估

2023 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Software (QSW) Pub Date : 2023-03-03 DOI: 10.1109/QSW59989.2023.00028

Nils Herrmann, Daanish Arya, M. Doherty, Angus Mingare, J. C. Pillay, F. Preis, S. Prestel

{"title":"Quantum utility – definition and assessment of a practical quantum advantage","authors":"Nils Herrmann, Daanish Arya, M. Doherty, Angus Mingare, J. C. Pillay, F. Preis, S. Prestel","doi":"10.1109/QSW59989.2023.00028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/QSW59989.2023.00028","url":null,"abstract":"Several benchmarks have been proposed to holistically measure quantum computing performance. While some have focused on the end user’s perspective (e.g., in application-oriented benchmarks), the real industrial value taking into account the physical footprint of the quantum processor are not discussed. Different use-cases come with different requirements for size, weight, power consumption, or data privacy while demanding to surpass certain thresholds of fidelity, speed, problem size, or precision. This paper aims to incorporate these characteristics into a concept coined quantum utility, which demonstrates the effectiveness and practicality of quantum computers for various applications where quantum advantage – defined as either being faster, more accurate, or demanding less energy – is achieved over a classical machine of similar size, weight, and cost. To successively pursue quantum utility, a level-based classification scheme – constituted as application readiness levels (ARLs) – as well as extended classification labels are introduced. These are demonstratively applied to different quantum applications from the fields of quantum chemistry, quantum simulation, quantum machine learning, and data analysis followed by a brief discussion.","PeriodicalId":254476,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Software (QSW)","volume":"217 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123397488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Real-time hybrid quantum-classical computations for trapped ions with Python control-flow 用Python控制流实现捕获离子的实时混合量子经典计算

2023 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Software (QSW) Pub Date : 2023-03-02 DOI: 10.1109/QSW59989.2023.00031

Tobias Schmale, Bence Temesi, Niko Trittschanke, Nicolas Pulido-Mateo, I. Elenskiy, L. Krinner, T. Dubielzig, C. Ospelkaus, H. Weimer, Daniel Borcherding

{"title":"Real-time hybrid quantum-classical computations for trapped ions with Python control-flow","authors":"Tobias Schmale, Bence Temesi, Niko Trittschanke, Nicolas Pulido-Mateo, I. Elenskiy, L. Krinner, T. Dubielzig, C. Ospelkaus, H. Weimer, Daniel Borcherding","doi":"10.1109/QSW59989.2023.00031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/QSW59989.2023.00031","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the number of hybrid algorithms that combine quantum and classical computations has been continuously increasing. These two approaches to computing can mutually enhance each others’ performances thus bringing the promise of more advanced algorithms that can outmatch their pure counterparts. In order to accommodate this new class of codes, a proper environment has to be created, which enables the interplay between the quantum and classical hardware.For many of these hybrid processes the coherence time of the quantum computer arises as a natural time constraint, making it crucial to minimize the classical overhead. For ion-trap quantum computers however, this is a much less limiting factor than with superconducting technologies, since the relevant timescale is on the order of seconds instead of microseconds. In fact, we show that the operating time-scales of trapped-ion quantum computers are compatible with the execution speed of the Python programming language, enabling us to develop an interpreted scheme for real-time control of quantum computations. In particular, compilation of all instructions in advance is not necessary, unlike with superconducting qubits. This keeps the implementation of hybrid algorithms simple and also lets users benefit from the rich environment of existing Python libraries.In order to show that this approach of interpreted quantum-classical computations (IQCC) is feasible, we bring real-world examples and evaluate them in realistic benchmarks.","PeriodicalId":254476,"journal":{"name":"2023 IEEE International Conference on Quantum Software (QSW)","volume":"56 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133891971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0