R. Pries, Florian Wamser, D. Staehle, K. Heck, P. Tran-Gia
{"title":"Traffic Measurement and Analysis of a Broadband Wireless Internet Access","authors":"R. Pries, Florian Wamser, D. Staehle, K. Heck, P. Tran-Gia","doi":"10.1109/VETECS.2009.5073890","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECS.2009.5073890","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing broadband wireless Internet usage and the limited wireless resources require a careful network management and optimization of the wireless Internet Service Providers (ISPs). Unfortunately, those providers often just have statistics about the overall usage and limited knowledge about the detailed application distribution as well as the traffic char- acteristics. In this paper we present user and traffic characteristics measured at a broadband wireless Internet access. The results show that the applications change quickly but the general characteristics like packet size and TCP/UDP percentage have not changed during the last years. Index Terms—traffic measurements, traffic classification, home networks, BWA, WLAN","PeriodicalId":253546,"journal":{"name":"VTC Spring 2009 - IEEE 69th Vehicular Technology Conference","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133102751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quantifying Performance Requirements of Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication Protocols for Rear-End Collision Avoidance","authors":"M. Nekovee","doi":"10.1109/VETECS.2009.5073822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECS.2009.5073822","url":null,"abstract":"We derive analytical bounds for the maximum acceptable message delivery latency and the minimum required retransmission frequency of 802.11-based vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication protocols for rear-end collision avoidance applications. Using a microscopic car-following model of highway traffic combined with a probabilistic two-ray ground propagation model of the V2V wireless channel, we numerically investigate variations in these bounds with mean vehicular velocity, road grip coefficient, V2V packet loss rate and wireless channel fluctuation. Our analysis provides new quantitative guidelines and analytical inputs for the design of adaptive V2V protocols, which are capable of maintaining high reliability and efficiency in the face of large variations in vehicular traffic and V2V network conditions.","PeriodicalId":253546,"journal":{"name":"VTC Spring 2009 - IEEE 69th Vehicular Technology Conference","volume":"200 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133227696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Günther Brandner, Udo Schilcher, M. Gyarmati, C. Bettstetter
{"title":"Non-Colliding First Messages in Slotted ALOHA: Further Insights Toward a Practical Solution","authors":"Günther Brandner, Udo Schilcher, M. Gyarmati, C. Bettstetter","doi":"10.1109/VETECS.2009.5073714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECS.2009.5073714","url":null,"abstract":"Consider n nodes competing for access on a channel using slotted ALOHA. Our aim is to maximize the probability Φ that the first message within s slots does not collide. We derive an expression for the transmit probabilities in each slot, maximizing Φ. As opposed to previous work, the expression is non-recursive, thus easier to calculate and more convenient for practical implementations. Furthermore, we address the problem that, in practical applications, the number of competing nodes n is likely to be unknown and has to be estimated by each node. We study the sensitivity of channel access scheme with respect to deviations from the actual n via simulations. It is shown that overestimation of n is a better strategy than underestimation. • First, the computation of the optimum transmit proba- bilities requires each node to know the number n of nodes participating in the channel access competition on the shared medium. If this number is unknown, a node has to estimate it. An open research issue is thus to determine the impact on the performance due to errors in this estimation. The paper at hand investigates this issue, analyzing the sensitivity of the non-colliding first message probability as a function of the relative estimation error. It is shown that significant estimation errors lead to only small performance degradations, and that in general an overestimation of n is better than an underestimation. • Second, the calculation of the optimal slot access strategy is based on a recursive equation that depends on n in each recursion. This means the following: if the number of nodes changes, all s recursions must be recalculated. The paper at hand derives an alternative expression for the optimal transmit probabilities that enables us to store them in a table, where the values are independent from the number of nodes n.","PeriodicalId":253546,"journal":{"name":"VTC Spring 2009 - IEEE 69th Vehicular Technology Conference","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131402787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Asymptotically Fair Subcarrier Allocation Algorithm in OFDM Systems","authors":"H. Rasouli, A. Anpalagan","doi":"10.1109/VETECS.2009.5073378","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECS.2009.5073378","url":null,"abstract":"Dynamic subcarrier allocation improves the performance of OFDM systems by exploiting multi-user diversity. Fairness index is a parameter which indicates how fairly the sub-carriers are allocated among the users in a system. A greedy sub-carrier allocation algorithm optimizes the system performance in terms of throughput, but it sacrifices the instantaneous fairness. In this paper, we define a new term called \"asymptotic fairness\". It is shown that for a small number of users greedy subcarrier allocation algorithm leads to a normalized fairness index close to unity after a few channel realizations; therefore, if the users of the same group can wait for a few OFDM symbols, they all can get almost the same data rate. To generalize the idea for larger number of users, we have proposed grouping of the users into smaller group sizes. The proposed subcarrier allocation algorithm allocates the subcarriers in two steps: group-allocation and user-allocation. Group-allocation is performed to maintain fairness among different groups by using a fairness-oriented subcarrier allocation algorithm such as max-min algorithm. In the user-allocation step, the subcarriers are allocated to the users within the group using the greedy algorithm to maximize the throughput. The proposed algorithm is specifically suitable for non-real-time applications. According to the required average fairness index in the system and the maximum allowable waiting time, it is possible to find the proper group size in the proposed two-step subcarrier allocation.","PeriodicalId":253546,"journal":{"name":"VTC Spring 2009 - IEEE 69th Vehicular Technology Conference","volume":"90 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133821632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Performance Study of Bandwidth Measurement Tools over Mobile Connections","authors":"Erik Bergfeldt, S. Ekelin, J. Karlsson","doi":"10.1109/VETECS.2009.5073327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECS.2009.5073327","url":null,"abstract":"The knowledge of the present available bandwidth on a network path is essential in numerous contexts, such as network management and streaming applications. A network path nowadays often contains at least one wireless link. This is obviously true for mobile users having a wireless connection to the Internet through a laptop or mobile terminal. The existing tools for measuring end-to-end available bandwidth are developed and optimized for paths with only guided media links. Since the characteristics for wired links and radio links differ in many aspects, such as fluctuations in capacity and stability, the network tools need to be evaluated also for network paths containing wireless links. In this investigation we have performed experiments over a high-speed downlink UMTS channel. This makes the present paper unique in the sense that it evaluates and analyzes the applicability of available-bandwidth measurement tools over a radio interface in a wide-area mobile communication network. For the experiments, a commercial mobile network has been used. The measurements show that it is feasible to achieve reliable estimates under certain circumstances. However, some cases pose challenges which motivate further studies.","PeriodicalId":253546,"journal":{"name":"VTC Spring 2009 - IEEE 69th Vehicular Technology Conference","volume":"104 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133795608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"BICM-ID Using Extended Mapping and Repetition Code with Irregular Node Degree Allocation","authors":"Danfeng Zhao, Axel Dauch, T. Matsumoto","doi":"10.1109/VETECS.2009.5073423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECS.2009.5073423","url":null,"abstract":"Performances of BICM-ID systems strongly depend on the matching between mapping rule and code structure. This paper proposes a combined use of extended mapping (EM) and simple repetition code. Even with such a simple structure, turbo cliff happens at a value range of signal-to-noise power ratio (SNR) 1~2 dB to the Shannon limit. This paper then introduces check node as well as irregular node degree allocation to the proposed structure described above, so that we can flexibly change the shape of the decoder EXIT curve. It is shown that EXIT analysis and chain simulation results exactly match each other.","PeriodicalId":253546,"journal":{"name":"VTC Spring 2009 - IEEE 69th Vehicular Technology Conference","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115396656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the Analysis of Combined Synchronization Error Effects in OFDM Systems","authors":"Wen-Long Chin, Sau-Gee Chen","doi":"10.1109/VETECS.2009.5073724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECS.2009.5073724","url":null,"abstract":"This work analyzes combined effects of major syn- chronization errors, including the symbol time offset (STO), car- rier frequency offset (CFO) and sampling clock frequency offset (SCFO) of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Such errors degrade the performance of an OFDM re- ceiver by introducing inter-carrier interference (ICI) and in- ter-symbol interference (ISI) into the systems. Traditionally, de- signing an OFDM receiver needs plenty of Monte Carlo simula- tions because the synchronization errors are simultaneously in- evitable in practical environments. Therefore, we formulate the theoretical signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) to assist the design of OFDM receivers. By knowing the required SINR of specific application, all combinations of allowable errors can be derived. Then, cost-effective algorithms could be easily designed.","PeriodicalId":253546,"journal":{"name":"VTC Spring 2009 - IEEE 69th Vehicular Technology Conference","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115549840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Morimoto, M. Tanno, Y. Kishiyama, K. Higuchi, M. Sawahashi
{"title":"Investigation on Optimum Radio Link Connection Using Remote Radio Equipment in Heterogeneous Network for LTE-Advanced","authors":"A. Morimoto, M. Tanno, Y. Kishiyama, K. Higuchi, M. Sawahashi","doi":"10.1109/VETECS.2009.5073617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECS.2009.5073617","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes the optimum radio link connection (RLC) using remote radio equipment (RRE) in a heterogeneous network in which various types of cell configurations exist with different cell sizes and downlink transmission power levels for LTE (Long-Term Evolution)-Advanced. The instantaneous received signal-to-interference plus noise power ratio (SINR) and the user throughput performance employing the proposed RLC methods are investigated using system-level simulations. From the simulation results, we show that the proposed independent RLC method between the downlink and uplink and the proposed multipoint RLC method based on coordinated multipoint transmission/reception achieve a higher user throughput both in the downlink and uplink compared to the conventional common RLC method. Therefore, the proposed independent and multipoint RLC methods are very promising candidates to improve the user throughput particularly near the cell edge in a heterogeneous network for LTE-Advanced.","PeriodicalId":253546,"journal":{"name":"VTC Spring 2009 - IEEE 69th Vehicular Technology Conference","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124203527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cooperative Control for Antenna Array Calibration in OFDMA/TDD Systems","authors":"Y. Hara, Y. Yano, H. Kubo","doi":"10.1109/VETECS.2009.5073465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECS.2009.5073465","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes cooperative control for antenna array calibration to exploit channel reciprocity in OFDMA/TDD systems. The proposed scheme seeks a cooperative supporter which is another terminal or a fixed station close to the terminal. In cooperative calibration mode, the terminal compensates mismatch of analog gains between antennas, based on bidirectional channel measurements between the terminal and the supporter. The proposed scheme selects adaptively cooperative or normal calibration mode through a base station, depending on the terminal's situation. The numerical results show that the proposed scheme improves calibration accuracy significantly compared to the case of no cooperative calibration. The proposed scheme keeps phase error less than 5deg in any position of terminal in a cell, maintaining practical amount of control signalling and complexity.","PeriodicalId":253546,"journal":{"name":"VTC Spring 2009 - IEEE 69th Vehicular Technology Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124326302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Geographic-Based Approach to Relay Selection for Wireless Ad Hoc Relay Networks","authors":"Chin-Liang Wang, S. Syue","doi":"10.1109/VETECS.2009.5073295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VETECS.2009.5073295","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a novel relay selection scheme based on geographical information, aiming to minimize the symbol error probability (SEP) for wireless ad hoc relay networks. The proposed scheme utilizes only the source-relay and relay-destination distances as selection criteria to choose the best relay. In particular, such geographical information is often available during network initialization. Thus, the proposed scheme does not need extra procedures to examine which relay has the best channel quality and, hence, reduces significantly the computational complexity. By contrast, most existing relay selection schemes rely on strict channel state information (CSI) and coherent time intervals, drastically increasing the difficulty in practical realizations, especially for large relay networks in which the fading channels are sufficiently fast-varying. In our scheme, the accuracy of the distance information is the main factor resulting in non-best relay selection. An ideal scheme (in which the distances between nodes are exact) and a practical scheme (in which there exists distance estimation errors) will be discussed respectively. Simulation results demonstrate the proposed relay selection method can efficiently improve the SEP performance and outperform the random relay selection scheme.","PeriodicalId":253546,"journal":{"name":"VTC Spring 2009 - IEEE 69th Vehicular Technology Conference","volume":"194 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124335388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}