American Review of Political Economy最新文献

{"title":"Modern Monetary Theory and Energy Conservation: An Institutionalist Approach to Fiscal Policy and Energy Conservation","authors":"Scott McConnell","doi":"10.38024/arpe.417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38024/arpe.417","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This paper will set out to develop a policy proposal that is couched in the Modern Monetary Theory (MMT) framework of fiscal policy analysis. MMT teaches us that a sovereign government that issues a free-floating currency is not bound by the tenets of what can be termed “sound finance.” Sound finance suggests that all government spending is preceded by the taxing or borrowing of the currency being spent. According to MMT, since the currency is issued by the sovereign nation during the process of spending, then this spending must take place before any taxing or borrowing is done. A federal deficit is not something to be eliminated but is the normal situation, with inflation being the only real measure of spending exceeding economic capacity. Sovereign governments are currency issuers, and the money has value if the government is willing to accept it in payment to itself. This creates policy space for spending programs that are socially and ecologically beneficial. Similarly on the tax side, there is policy space to structure the tax system in a politically determined way. The tax system is one way in which the citizens of a nation engage economically with the government. The tax obligation serves as a value anchor for the fiat currency. The tax system can be designed to incentivize behavior in line with a more ecologically sustainable future. This paper will suggest that by taxing living space in a progressive manner, multiple social and economic goals can be accomplished as the economy is transitioning toward a more environmentally sustainable future.","PeriodicalId":252052,"journal":{"name":"American Review of Political Economy","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140712139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community-Level Incarceration Rates and the Quality of Local Education Systems in North Carolina","authors":"Douglas Bates, Quiteya D. Walker, M. Holsey-Hyman, Zachary D. Blizard","doi":"10.38024/arpe.270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38024/arpe.270","url":null,"abstract":"Incarcerationis an important area of study in the United States, which incarcerates morepeople than any other country. Indirect evidence suggests that community levelincarceration rates are related to local school systems. Using a sample of2,145 North Carolina census tracts, we estimate a structural equation model oftract level incarceration rates to address two sets of research questions. First,are elementary school test scoresand student-teacher ratios directly related to local incarceration rates? Second,are elementary school test scores and student-teacher ratios indirectly relatedto local incarceration rates, mediated through other local factors? We find that both have a direct effect onincarceration rates, and that test scores have an indirect effect onincarceration through three of the tested mediating factors, which areemployment outcomes, poverty, and family structure. Our results suggest that tobetter understand patterns of community level incarceration rates,understanding local school systems’ role is crucial.","PeriodicalId":252052,"journal":{"name":"American Review of Political Economy","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122318197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"When did neoliberalism end?","authors":"A. Mix","doi":"10.38024/arpe.252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38024/arpe.252","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a contribution to the current debate whether neoliberalism has ‘ended’. It builds on a 2021 paper in the ARPE which tied the working of the neoliberal political economy to the interplay of positive real rates and options price theory (Mix 2021). For the paper at hand, I enlarge the context of said observation and define neoliberalism as a political economy based on the believe in self-regulating financial markets’ capacity to produce money out of money by itself. The paper then argues that this definition implies a criterium by which one could mark the ‘end’ of neoliberalism. This criterium would be negative real interest rates.The paper then applies this criterium to the factual political economy of the last 40 years or so to test it.","PeriodicalId":252052,"journal":{"name":"American Review of Political Economy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126192033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Green Banking: Double Sides of a Coin”","authors":"Catherin T. C, C. Melvin","doi":"10.38024/arpe.250","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38024/arpe.250","url":null,"abstract":"Thethree sources of strength for sustainability are the environment, economy, andsociety, all of which must be altered in the identical path. Individuals forgotto give priority to the environment throughout monetary development andprogress, resulting in global temperature change and climatic change all overthe world. While debating, environmental issues is not the main topic ofdiscussion at the moment, making progress toward environmental friendliness andobtaining ecosystem-friendly practices in all areas is critical. Green Bankingwas born out of the banking industry's concern for the environment. GreenBanking operations have been carried out by banks in India with the goal ofpromoting environmental sustainability and protecting the environment forfuture generations. Like a coin, everything has two sides, and this researchtries to uncover the two sides of the Green Banking idea among bank clients.The hazy side of Green Banking must be identified at the appropriate moment sothat Green Banking practices benefit the three sources of strength for sustainability.","PeriodicalId":252052,"journal":{"name":"American Review of Political Economy","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133335832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"(COVID) CRISIS IN A FINANCIALIZED ECONOMY AND ALTERNATIVE REGULATION","authors":"Faruk Ulgen","doi":"10.38024/arpe.244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38024/arpe.244","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing upon the 2007-2008global crisis and the current Covid pandemic, this article aims to show thatsince the 1980s, the organization of the economy in a liberal way transformedpublic financial regulation into market-relying self-regulation that led topersistent crises. The article maintains that the financialized accumulationregime generates endogenous inconsistencies and proves to be unable to ensuresystemic stability and long-term viability of society. An alternative financialregulation resting on preventive collective action seems to be a relevant wayto provide society with a sustainable and progressive financial system.The ill-management of the Covid crisis isrelated to the socio-economic framework that rules societies and economiesaround the world since the 1980s. The evolution of capitalism rests onspeculation-led accumulation process that deepens inequalities and putscollective projects and goals on the back burner. This evolution, also known asfinancialization, is based first and foremost on the primacy of short-termprofitability. Relying on individual (micro) rationality, it is unable toconduct market activities from a macroeconomic perspective to ensure thedevelopment of society. Although individual market strategies can be regardedas rational actions, the systemic financial stability cannot be achieved bymarket mechanisms. In a capitalist economy, financialstability is to the viability of society what public health isto the lives of citizens. Both require the oversight of a visible public hand. Drawing upon institutionaleconomics this article then shows that systemic dysfunction of capitalistfinance does reflect the dysfunctional organization of society in whichcollective action has been abandoned in favor of the doctrine of efficient,self-regulating markets. Recurrent crises, caused by the imbalances generatedby laissez-faire economics, are the main threats to the sustainability of anopen, innovative and progressive society. From this perspective, the regulationof financial systems is of paramount importance and calls for alternativemodels of collective action that should determine the conditions of exercise ofprivate financial institutions according to the goals of a sustainable economyrespectful of both people and the environment beyond the conservativeindividualistic doctrines.","PeriodicalId":252052,"journal":{"name":"American Review of Political Economy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129710969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Green Banking Initiatives: A Core towards Sustainability”","authors":"Catherin T. C, C. Melvin","doi":"10.38024/arpe.251","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38024/arpe.251","url":null,"abstract":"The21st century has begun with massive advancement and modernization inall industries, as well as an urgent warning to humanity. The ongoing threat ofclimate change and global warming has shifted every industry's goal from'Profit Only' to 'Planet, People, Profit.' The banking sector, as a key playerin the nation's economic prosperity and development, and as a direct orindirect backbone to all industries, has recognized the realities of the modernera, as well as its critical role in environmental protection and long-termdevelopment. The Go Green motto has helped to popularize the concept of Green Bankingin the financial industry. Green Banking Channels were created as part of GreenBanking initiatives to make banking activities more inclusive andenvironmentally sustainable. Green Banking Channels alone will not result in apositive outcome; a shift in customer habits toward utilizing Green Banking Channelsrather than regular banking channels is required to safeguard the environmentand to reach sustainability. This study spotlight on Green Banking Channels,which are a component of Green Banking initiatives aimed at making banks' andcustomers' banking activities more environmentally friendly in order to backinglong-term sustainability.","PeriodicalId":252052,"journal":{"name":"American Review of Political Economy","volume":"218 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133708563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investing in socio-emotional skills during early childhood to achieve capabilities and fight poverty: overcoming socioeconomic vulnerabilities in Brazil through Criança Feliz","authors":"Mayara Silva Sousa Pires, Ana C. P. Fava, Mônica Yukie Kuwahara","doi":"10.38024/arpe.243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38024/arpe.243","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to discuss early childhood social-emotional development as a means to achieve capabilities and reduce poverty and inequality. Social-emotional skills provide the necessary cognitive tools to support individuals during choices and decisions that will affect socioeconomic status. Therefore, the connection between the socio-emotional skills approach and the capabilities must be established. When developed and mastered, the social-emotional skills improve opportunities and promote new capabilities to achieve desirable results (capabilities to function). If this development starts during early childhood, it ensures the right to exercise agency power, improving future economic results. For that reason, developing these skills in disadvantaged populations is a necessary condition to promote freedom and equality of opportunity, ensuring inclusive socio-economic development. The goals of \"Programa Criança Feliz\" (PCF), an early childhood social-emotional development program for disadvantaged children launched in October 2016 in Brazil, are analyzed in this paper through the connection between socio-emotional skills and the capabilities approach. This program integrates public policies that reduce the weakness of will and provide skills to overcome socioeconomic vulnerabilities in Brazil. Therefore, this paper contributes through the analysis of PCF, and the connection of the development of socio-emotional skills during early childhood to achieve capabilities and fight poverty.","PeriodicalId":252052,"journal":{"name":"American Review of Political Economy","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115311822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ASSOCIATING PRODUCT DESIGN TO SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT FOR BUSINESS RESPONSIVENESS","authors":"K. Dhingra, Vaibhav Bajaj","doi":"10.38024/arpe.245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38024/arpe.245","url":null,"abstract":"Theeconomy is advancing and developing at animus pace, the entrepreneurs areprogressing by shifting the concept of mass production to quality productionand then providing individual touch to products and services. The consumer hasnow-a-days elated expectations like product variations, shortened productlifecycles. Due to increase of pressure from market, consumers towards qualityimprovements, the supplier has to cater to the demand of the customer byproviding the quality delivery, on time and with the personalised attributes.The product delivery is provided to the customers through firm’s supply chainmanagement network, when the network is intact, it will make the supplyeffective and easy. The way to deal with the increased demand is designing anddeveloping the product on the basis of the supply networks. The competitivenessamong the business tycoons are moving to another level as these businesses areno more competing among themselves but competing between the product supplychains. The current study has discussed that how the problems of supply chainmanagement can be solved and made more responsive by associating it with theproduct design at very initial stage with the help of multiple case studyapproach.","PeriodicalId":252052,"journal":{"name":"American Review of Political Economy","volume":"157 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132234305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do local allocation tax grants boost the issuance of road bonds? Evidence from Japan’s local governments","authors":"M. Miyazaki","doi":"10.38024/arpe.241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38024/arpe.241","url":null,"abstract":"This study, by focusing on road construction projects in Japan’s local governments, conducts an empirical analysis of the relationship between the issuance of extraordinary local road improvement project bonds (subsequently abbreviated as “road bonds”) and the rate at which the redemption of the principal and interest on these bonds factors into standard financial needs (subsequently abbreviated as “inclusion rate”). Furthermore, it analyzes whether the value of local road bonds approved varies with the inclusion rate. Our analysis indicates that road bonds can be said to be linked to national treasury grants even if there exists a local allocation tax measures that allows for the redemption of the principal and interest on local bonds because local specified road maintenance and improvement projects (subsequently, “the specified projects”) combine local public subsidized projects and local public non-subsidized projects.","PeriodicalId":252052,"journal":{"name":"American Review of Political Economy","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127996965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Labour Process in Informal Sector: A Case Study of Carpet Industry","authors":"I. Majeed, Mohammad Swalehin","doi":"10.38024/arpe.224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.38024/arpe.224","url":null,"abstract":"The Carpet industry is an important informal sector in Kashmir, provides employment opportunities to lakhs of people in the rural and semi-urban areas of Kashmir. The carpet industry has made a significant contribution to production, employment, and export of handicraft products and contributes to economic development. Regardless of generating growth, weavers in carpet industry continue to be locked in the unequal and exploitative labour process. The purpose of the present study is to examine the labour process in the carpet industry with specific focus on organization of production, capital accumulation and wage pattern among carpet weavers in Pulwama district of Kashmir. The present study is both primary and secondary in nature. The primary data collected from four blocks of Pulwama district through interview-schedule, focused group discussion and field observation. The key findings revealed that there is diversity in production relation, weavers are facing with a problem of middlemen/master weaver exploitation, low earning, and long working hours and piece-wage is a mode of surplus extraction for capitalists in the carpet industry.","PeriodicalId":252052,"journal":{"name":"American Review of Political Economy","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116644759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}