Biochimie最新文献

{"title":"Site-directed mutagenesis of nattokinase: Unveiling structure-function relationship for enhanced functionality","authors":"Ankush Jain,&nbsp;Pradeep Kumar Anand,&nbsp;Jagdeep Kaur","doi":"10.1016/j.biochi.2024.09.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biochi.2024.09.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Site-directed mutagenesis was employed to investigate the structure-function relationship of nattokinase (NK) and its effect on the enzymatic activity, thermostability, pH tolerance, and fibrinolytic properties of NK. Specific mutations (T270S, V271I, E262D, and A259T) were introduced within the nk gene, targeting regions predicted to be involved in substrate binding. The NK(E262D) mutant exhibited a significant increase in enzymatic activity (2-fold) and catalytic efficiency (2.2-fold) as assessed by N-Succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe p-nitroanilide (Suc-AAPF-pNA) hydrolysis, compared to the wild type. <em>In silico</em> analysis supported these findings, demonstrating lower binding energy for the NK(E262D) mutant, suggesting stronger fibrin affinity. Thermostability assays revealed that NK(E262D) and NK(A259T) displayed exceptional stability, retaining enzyme activity at 60 °C. All mutants exhibited a broader pH tolerance range (pH 5.0–10.0) compared to the wild-type NK. The fibrinolytic activity assay revealed that the E262D mutant possessed the highest fibrinolytic activity (2414 U/mg), surpassing the wild-type. This study reported an NK variant with improved enzymatic activity, thermostability, and fibrinolytic properties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":251,"journal":{"name":"Biochimie","volume":"229 ","pages":"Pages 1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142334288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robust approach for production of the human oncology target Aurora kinase B in complex with its binding partner INCENP","authors":"Jonna Mattsson ,&nbsp;Per Rogne ,&nbsp;Maréne Landström ,&nbsp;Magnus Wolf-Watz","doi":"10.1016/j.biochi.2024.10.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biochi.2024.10.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Protein kinases are key players in many eukaryotic signal transduction cascades and are as a result often linked to human disease. In humans, the mitotic protein kinase family of Aurora kinases consist of three members: Aurora A, B and C. All three members are involved in cell division with proposed implications in various human cancers. The human Aurora kinase B has in particular proven challenging to study with structural biology approaches, and this is mainly due to difficulties in producing the large quantities of active enzyme required for such studies. Here, we present a novel and <em>E. coli</em>-based production system that allows for production of milligram quantities of well-folded and active human Aurora B in complex with its binding partner INCENP. The complex is produced as a continuous polypeptide chain and the resulting fusion protein is cleaved with TEV protease to generate a stable and native heterodimer of the Aurora B:INCENP complex. The activity, stability and degree of phosphorylation of the protein complex was quantified by using a coupled ATPase assay, ³¹P NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The developed production system enables isotope labeling and we here report the first ¹H–¹⁵N-HSQC of the human Aurora B:INCENP complex. Our developed production strategy paves the way for future structural and functional studies of Aurora B and can as such assist the development of novel anticancer drugs targeting this important mitotic protein kinase.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":251,"journal":{"name":"Biochimie","volume":"229 ","pages":"Pages 129-140"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142482922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of extremolytes ectoine and hydroxyectoine on the heat-induced protein aggregation: The case of growth hormone","authors":"Rūta Gruškienė,&nbsp;Jolanta Sereikaitė","doi":"10.1016/j.biochi.2024.10.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biochi.2024.10.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The extremolytes ectoine and hydroxyectoine are osmolytes found in extremophilic microorganisms. They are stabilisers of proteins and other macromolecules, including DNA and lipids. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the additives on the heat-induced aggregation of mink growth hormone as a model protein. The first-order rate constants of protein aggregation were determined at 60 °C depending on the additive concentration and pH of the solution. The onset temperature of aggregation was also recorded using a circular dichroism spectropolarimeter. The study showed that the effect of the additives depended on the pH of the solution. The first-order rate constants of aggregation were lower when the protein molecule had a negative charge. The effect also depended on the structure of the extremolyte itself. When the protein molecule was positively charged, hydroxyectoine destabilised the mink growth hormone molecule and promoted the aggregation. The different effects of the additives were determined by the different interactions with the protein molecules, as shown by circular dichroism measurements and previously by fluorescence spectroscopy. Therefore, when using ectoine or hydroxyectoine for protein formulation, the effect of the additive should be carefully analysed for each protein individually.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":251,"journal":{"name":"Biochimie","volume":"229 ","pages":"Pages 42-48"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142402320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) in the glioma metabolism: A potent enhancer of malignancy","authors":"Cristina Trejo-Solís ,&nbsp;Ángel Escamilla-Ramírez ,&nbsp;Saúl Gómez-Manzo ,&nbsp;Rosa Angélica Castillo-Rodriguez ,&nbsp;Francisca Palomares-Alonso ,&nbsp;Carlos Castillo-Pérez ,&nbsp;Dolores Jiménez-Farfán ,&nbsp;Aurora Sánchez-García ,&nbsp;Juan Carlos Gallardo-Pérez","doi":"10.1016/j.biochi.2025.01.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biochi.2025.01.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The glioma hallmark includes reprogramming metabolism to support biosynthetic and bioenergetic demands, as well as to maintain their redox equilibrium. It has been suggested that the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and glycolysis are directly involved in the dynamics and regulation of glioma cell proliferation and migration. The PPP is implicated in cellular redox homeostasis and the modulation of signaling pathways, which play a fundamental role in the progression of tumors to malignant grades, metastasis, and drug resistance. Several studies have shown that in glioblastoma cells, the activity, expression, and metabolic flux of some PPP enzymes increase, leading to heightened activity of the pathway. This generates higher levels of DNA, lipids, cholesterol, and amino acids, favoring rapid cell proliferation. Due to the crucial role played by the PPP in the development of glioma cells, enzymes from this pathway have been proposed as potential therapeutic targets. This review summarizes and highlights the role that the PPP plays in glioma cells and focuses on the key functions of the enzymes and metabolites generated by this pathway, as well as the regulation of the PPP. The studies described in this article enrich the understanding of the PPP as a therapeutic tool in the search for pharmacological targets for the development of a new generation of drugs to treat glioma.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":251,"journal":{"name":"Biochimie","volume":"232 ","pages":"Pages 117-126"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143082491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The substrate preferences and “counting” mode of the cyanobacterial ω3 (Δ15) acyl-lipid desaturase","authors":"Alexander Yu. Starikov,&nbsp;Roman A. Sidorov,&nbsp;Georgy V. Kazakov,&nbsp;Pavel A. Leusenko,&nbsp;Dmitry A. Los","doi":"10.1016/j.biochi.2025.01.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biochi.2025.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fatty acid desaturases (FADs) belong to of the oxygenase superfamily. They play important roles in metabolic pathways and adaption mechanisms in a wide range of organisms, including bacteria and humans. These enzymes dehydrogenate a single bond in the acyl chain of fatty acids (FAs), forming a double bond. Multiple parameters influence the precise position of double bond formation and acyl chain docking in the catalytic pocket of various FADs, such as the length of an acyl chain, the position of previously generated double bonds, the location of the enzyme's metal catalytic site, and so on. The “counting” mode differs from one FAD to another. The cyanobacterium <em>Synechocystis</em> sp. strain PCC 6803 has four FADs (Δ9, Δ12, Δ6, and Δ15 or ω3) that synthesize mono-, di-, tri-, and tetraenoic FAs. The substrate preferences and “counting” modes for the first three FADs have been identified, but the substrate specificity for the terminal ω3-FAD remains uncertain. We used molecular cloning, heterologous expression with exogenous FAs, and molecular docking to explore the substrate selectivity and counting mode of ω3-FAD. Our results show that ω3-FAD “counts” from the carboxyl (Δ) end, introduces a double bond between 15 and 16 atoms, and requires a specific acyl substrate configuration with two pre-existing double bonds at Δ⁹ and Δ¹² positions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":251,"journal":{"name":"Biochimie","volume":"232 ","pages":"Pages 74-82"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial dynamics: Molecular mechanism and implications in endometriosis","authors":"Ylenia Marino ,&nbsp;Francesca Inferrera ,&nbsp;Tiziana Genovese ,&nbsp;Salvatore Cuzzocrea ,&nbsp;Roberta Fusco ,&nbsp;Rosanna Di Paola","doi":"10.1016/j.biochi.2025.01.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biochi.2025.01.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Endometriosis affects about 10 % of women of reproductive age, leading to a disabling gynecologic condition. Chronic pain, inflammation, and oxidative stress have been identified as the molecular pathways involved in the progression of this disease, although its precise etiology remains uncertain. Although mitochondria are considered crucial organelles for cellular activity, their dysfunction has been linked to the development of this disease. The purpose of this review is to examine the functioning of the mitochondrion in endometriosis: in particular, we focused on the mitochondrial dynamics of biogenesis, fusion, and fission. Since excessive mitochondrial activity is reported to affect cell proliferation, we also considered mitophagy as a mechanism involved in limiting disease development. To better understand mitochondrial activity, we also considered alterations in circadian rhythms, the gut microbiome, and estrogen receptors: indeed, these mechanisms are also involved in the development of endometriosis. In addition, we focused on recent research about the impact of numerous substances on mitochondrial activity; some of them may offer a future breakthrough in endometriosis treatment by acting on mitochondria and inhibiting cell proliferation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":251,"journal":{"name":"Biochimie","volume":"231 ","pages":"Pages 163-175"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced profiling and structural analysis of anencephaly gangliosides by ion mobility tandem mass spectrometry","authors":"Maria Roxana Biricioiu ,&nbsp;Mirela Sarbu ,&nbsp;Raluca Ica ,&nbsp;Željka Vukelić ,&nbsp;David E. Clemmer ,&nbsp;Alina D. Zamfir","doi":"10.1016/j.biochi.2025.01.011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biochi.2025.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Anencephaly, the most severe type of neural tube defects (NTDs) in humans, occurs between the third and fourth gestational weeks (GW), involves the cranial part of the NT and results in the absence of the forebrain and skull. Exposed to amniotic fluid toxicity, neural tissue is degraded and prevented from development. Currently, little is known about the molecular bases of the disease and the possible involvement of glycans. In this context, considering the role played by gangliosides (GGs) in fetal brain development and the previous achievements of ion mobility separation (IMS) mass spectrometry (MS) in biomarker discovery, we report here on the introduction of this advanced analytical technique in NTD research, and its optimization for a comprehensive determination of anencephaly gangliosidome. Three native GG extracts from residual brains of anencephalic fetuses in 28, 35 and 37 GW were comparatively profiled by IMS MS, structurally analyzed by IMS MS/MS, and finally assessed against a native GG mixture from normal fetal brain. IMS MS provided data on 343 anencephaly gangliosides <em>vs</em>. only 157 known before and revealed for the first time the incidence of the entire penta-to octasialylated series. The comparative assay disclosed variations in GG expression with fetal age and a correlation of the pattern with the developmental stage. In contrast to the normal fetal brain, the neural tissue in anencephaly was found to contain an elevated number of polysialogangliosides and a lower expression of <em>O</em>-Ac- and GalNAc-modified glycoforms. These species worth further detailed investigation as new potential anencephaly markers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":251,"journal":{"name":"Biochimie","volume":"232 ","pages":"Pages 91-104"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chalcogen dihydrobenzofuran compounds as potential neuroprotective agents: An in vitro and in silico biological investigation","authors":"Tácia Katiane Hall ,&nbsp;Larissa Sander Magalhães ,&nbsp;Mariana Parron Paim ,&nbsp;Taís da Silva Teixeira Rech ,&nbsp;Amanda Rebelo de Azevedo ,&nbsp;Vanessa Nascimento ,&nbsp;José Sebastião Santos Neto ,&nbsp;César Augusto Brüning ,&nbsp;Cristiani Folharini Bortolatto","doi":"10.1016/j.biochi.2025.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biochi.2025.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Oxidative stress arises from an imbalance between reactive species (RS) production and the antioxidant defense, increasing the brain susceptibility to neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases. Besides, changes in the expression or activity of neurotransmitter metabolism enzymes, such as monoamine oxidases (MAO), are also associated with mental disorders, including depression. Considering this, antioxidant and MAO-A activity inhibitory potential of six 2,3-chalcogenodihydrobenzofurans (2,3-DHBF) was investigated through <em>in vitro</em> and <em>in silico</em> tests. Compounds <strong>1</strong> to <strong>5</strong> incorporate sulfur (S) as chalcogen, whereas compound <strong>6</strong> integrates tellurium (Te). A screening (compounds <strong>1</strong>–<strong>6</strong>) of cerebral MAO-A activity showed inhibitory activity for the compounds <strong>2</strong>, <strong>4</strong>, <strong>5</strong>, and <strong>6</strong>. Among sulfur compounds, compound <strong>2</strong> demonstrated superior scores in docking studies, yielding a value of - 9.9 kcal/mol. Selected for concentration-response curves, compounds <strong>2</strong> (with S) and <strong>6</strong> (with Te) inhibited MAO-A at concentrations equal to or higher than 25 μM. In a redox screening test, only compound <strong>6</strong> showed antioxidant effects. Concentration-response curves indicated that compound <strong>6</strong> reduced lipid peroxidation and protein carbonylation levels in mouse brain tissue (≥0.5 μM), as well as reduced RS levels (≥1 μM). Furthermore, the compound <strong>6</strong> (≥5 μM) was effective in reducing the ferric ion (FRAP). In radical scavenging tests such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), compound <strong>6</strong> showed significant results in concentrations from 50 μM and mimicked the enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST) at 100 μM. In summary, this study demonstrated the cerebral antioxidant and/or MAO-A inhibition properties of 2,3-DHBF, presenting potential as neuroprotective candidates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":251,"journal":{"name":"Biochimie","volume":"232 ","pages":"Pages 54-65"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction and cleavage of cell and plasma proteins by the platelet-aggregating serine protease PA-BJ of Bothrops jararaca venom","authors":"Daniela Cajado-Carvalho,&nbsp;Mariana S.L.C. Morone,&nbsp;Nancy da Rós,&nbsp;Solange M.T. Serrano","doi":"10.1016/j.biochi.2025.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biochi.2025.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>PA-BJ is a serine protease present in <em>Bothrops jararaca</em> venom that triggers platelet aggregation and granule secretion by activating the protease-activated receptors PAR-1 and PAR-4, without clotting fibrinogen. These receptors also have a relevant role in endothelial cells, however, the interaction of PA-BJ with other membrane-bound or soluble targets is not known. Here we explored the activity of PA-BJ on endothelial cell receptor, cytoskeleton, and coagulation proteins <em>in vitro</em>, and show the degradation of fibrinogen and protein C, and the limited proteolysis of actin, EPCR, PAR-1, and thrombomodulin. Antithrombin, factors XI and XIII and protein S were not cleaved by PA-BJ. Moreover, using surface plasmon resonance PA-BJ was demonstrated to bind to actin, EPCR, fibrinogen, PAR-1, and thrombomodulin, with dissociation constants (K_D) in the micromolar range. Considering that these proteins play critical roles in pathways of blood coagulation and maintenance of endothelium integrity, their binding and cleavage by PA-BJ could contribute to the alterations in hemostasis and cell permeability observed in <em>B. jararaca</em> envenomation process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":251,"journal":{"name":"Biochimie","volume":"232 ","pages":"Pages 127-132"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143069804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The modulation of low molecular weight sulfur compounds levels in visceral adipose tissue of TLR2-deficient mice on a high-fat diet","authors":"Patrycja Bronowicka-Adamska ,&nbsp;Dominika Szlęzak ,&nbsp;Anna Bentke-Imiolek ,&nbsp;Kinga Kaszuba ,&nbsp;Monika Majewska-Szczepanik","doi":"10.1016/j.biochi.2025.01.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.biochi.2025.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Obesity treatment requires an individualized approach, emphasizing the need to identify metabolic pathways of diagnostic relevance. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), particularly TLR2 and TLR4, play a crucial role in metabolic disorders, as receptor deficiencies improves insulin sensitivity and reduces obesity-related inflammation. Additionally, hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) influences lipolysis, adipogenesis, and adipose tissue browning through persulfidation.</div><div>This study investigates the impact of a high-fat diet (HFD) on low molecular weight sulfur compounds in the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) of C57BL/6 and TLR2-deficient mice. It focuses on key enzymes involved in H₂S metabolism: cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS), cystathionine gamma-lyase (CGL), 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase (MPST), and thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (TST).</div><div>In C57BL/6 mice on HFD, MPST activity decreased, while CBS level increased, potentially compensating for H₂S production. In contrast, TLR2-deficient mice on HFD exhibited higher MPST activity but reduced level of CBS and CGL activity, suggesting that TLR2 deficiency mitigates HFD-induced changes in sulfur metabolism. TST activity was lower in TLR2-deficient mice, indicating an independent regulatory role of TLR2 in TST activity. Elevated oxidative stress, reflected by increased glutathione levels, was observed in wild-type mice. Interestingly, cysteine and cystine were detectable only in the VAT of the C57BL/6 ND group and were absent in all other groups. The capacity for hydrogen sulfide production in tissues from TLR2−/−B6 HFD group was significantly lower than in the C57BL/6 HFD group.</div><div>In conclusion, TLR2 modulates sulfur metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation in obesity. TLR2 deficiency disrupts H₂S production and redox balance, potentially contributing to metabolic dysfunction, highlighting TLR2 as a potential therapeutic target for obesity-related metabolic disorders.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":251,"journal":{"name":"Biochimie","volume":"232 ","pages":"Pages 66-73"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143054506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}