{"title":"Importance of Safety Equity in Transportation System Safety","authors":"Anne Garcia","doi":"10.56094/jss.v57i2.191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56094/jss.v57i2.191","url":null,"abstract":" \u0000Public transportation in the U.S. often relies on multi-modal components that represent a system of systems as exemplified by transit rail. Currently, transit rail safety is measured for individual railroads as the number of events/fatalities/injuries by productivity level (typically, revenue miles). Barriers for measuring the safety of the transit transportation system of systems include the aggregation of transit properties for a passenger’s trip and the varieties of safety management systems used by transit agencies. \u0000An alternative perspective asks how safe passengers are, instead of how safe railroads are. It posits a fundamental shift to a human-centric perspective on transportation system safety which is the foundation for determining the level of transportation safety equity outcomes. The major barrier to ensuring safety equity outcomes is a lack of safety data for subgroups of the population, based on biodemographic, socioeconomic and disability data. These data are essential for determining if safety levels are equal across subgroups of the population, or if transportation safety inequities exist. If safety outcomes differ across subgroups of the popula-tion, then root causes for the disparity need to be determined and mitigated. The public service duty is to ensure that risk interventions and safety outcomes apply equitably to all. ","PeriodicalId":250838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of System Safety","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127350992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparison of Incident Investigation Outcomes and Safety Recommendations between Clinical Safety and AcciMap Experts","authors":"O. Igene, Christopher Johnson","doi":"10.56094/jss.v57i2.190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56094/jss.v57i2.190","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on the perception of Branford’s standardized AcciMap approach as a tool for accident analysis in healthcare. This study further builds on the previous work regarding National Health Service (NHSScotland) clinical safety practitioners’ first-time experience in applying the standardized AcciMap approach, and discusses its advantages and limitations [Ref. 1]. A series of training sessions were carried out with a clinical domain expert from the National Services Scotland (NSS) to apply the standardized AcciMap approach for health information technology (IT) analysis. The AcciMap method was used to analyze a medication error incident involving the computerized provider order entry (CPOE) system [Ref. 2] by Clinical and AcciMap experts. Outcomes and safety recommendations from both participants were then qualitatively compared and discussed to gain further insight into applying the AcciMap method.","PeriodicalId":250838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of System Safety","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114898579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Barry Hendrix, Thomas Lewis, Melissa Emery, Brian Rachele
{"title":"Model Based Functional Safety – How Functional Is It?","authors":"Barry Hendrix, Thomas Lewis, Melissa Emery, Brian Rachele","doi":"10.56094/jss.v57i2.192","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56094/jss.v57i2.192","url":null,"abstract":"As the engineering world embraces Model Based System Engineering (MBSE), the system safety discipline should also enfold and support MBSE methodology and approaches. The need for Model Based Functional safety, as part of the established system safety and software safety process, is becoming apparent due to existing and developing system design complexity. This paper is intended to show how valuable Model Based Functional Safety approaches can be when evaluating safety signification functions of complex software-intensive integrated systems. Using models can improve the accuracy during the Functional Hazard Analysis (FHA) and can help validate Fault Tree Analyses (FTA) and subsequent system safety analysis (SSA) process and results because the model focuses on the architecture, the physical system, the computer system, as well as the applicable software/middleware/Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs). Model Based Functional Safety may utilize use cases, structural architecture models, activity diagrams, sequence diagrams, functional flow diagrams, and state/mode models to depict safety attributes and to influence explicit safety requirements. SysML may be used to depict critical functions, functional threads, safety features, and expected behavior. Such augmented models (safety models) can also be used to analyze potential off nominal failure conditions and system behavior for various scenarios when conducting FHAs and subsequently detailed system and software safety analyses. This paper will provide an example of the MBSE framework and concepts for tool use in the functional safety analysis and the utilization of attributed models and artifacts to supplement system safety documentation.","PeriodicalId":250838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of System Safety","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134066702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Principles Again","authors":"Charles Muniak","doi":"10.56094/jss.v57i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56094/jss.v57i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"Do we have a “nearly perfect” book that covers the subject of system safety? If this book did exist, how would we know? \u0000During a recent Zoom meeting on the International System Safety Society (ISSS) initiatives, I noted a few remarks of interest. One individual asked, “What is the gospel of system safety?” Later, they changed the question to one about “principles of system safety.” I was pleased to hear this, as it correlated with the point I was trying to make in my “From the Editor’s Desk” article on principles in the Fall/Winter 2020 issue of Journal of System Safety.","PeriodicalId":250838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of System Safety","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114897261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"TBD","authors":"C. Hoes","doi":"10.56094/jss.v57i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56094/jss.v57i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"The September 2, 2021 edition of The New York Times “The Morning” included an interesting article concerning the collapse of the Champlain Towers South Condo in Miami that resulted in the deaths of 98 people. After seeing multiple news accounts, I couldn’t help but wonder what in the world went wrong? Is there an important system safety lesson to be learned? If so, what might it be? The International System Safety Society (ISSS) is supporting a National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)-sponsored effort to explore ways to better implement “safety through design” for construction projects. The Times article provided a few enticing tidbits that might be worth mulling over regarding improving safety through design.","PeriodicalId":250838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of System Safety","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124200818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vaccine Safety","authors":"R. Zito","doi":"10.56094/jss.v57i1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56094/jss.v57i1.8","url":null,"abstract":"We are now near the end of the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic, and it has been a year since the first International System Safety Society (ISSS) Conference coronavirus presentation. This past year has seen the development and distribution of several vaccines, as predicted in the previous publication about the pandemic. These new weapons against disease will save millions of lives all over the globe in the next few years — and they were developed faster than any vaccine in medical history. Yet these same vaccines have been the victim of numerous allegations from the start. In fact, their strongest virtue — the speed with which they were developed and distributed — is seen by their critics as a fault, possibly resulting in an unsafe or insufficiently tested product. Is there any truth to these claims? How do these vaccines work? And how are they made? Vaccine Safety. \u0000In order to establish an orderly, technically accurate, objective, and comprehensive record of the events of these times that is accessible to the general public and of some use to posterity, this second publication has been prepared. It is also hoped that this report will mitigate some of the concerns that people have about vaccine safety.","PeriodicalId":250838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of System Safety","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114877072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"System Safety in Healthcare","authors":"D. Raheja","doi":"10.56094/jss.v57i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56094/jss.v57i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of system safety is to prevent bad things from happening. Lately, systems have been using artificial intelligence (AI), and verification and validation is becoming a major challenge. First, we have to understand the four main types of AI, in addition to much-less-used methods on the web. The main types of AI are: \u0000 \u0000Reactive Machines \u0000Limited Memory \u0000Theory of Mind \u0000Self-aware \u0000","PeriodicalId":250838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of System Safety","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129819270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New System Safety Process for New Business Opportunities","authors":"Mark A. Vernacchia","doi":"10.56094/jss.v57i1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56094/jss.v57i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"This paper outlines an approach to developing and implementing a systems safety process for new business applications in industries without existing system safety processes. It describes the desired characteristics of such a process and extends the discussion to include the basic needs and content of any systems safety process in general. \u0000New business applications are being created every day, and safety must be considered in these endeavors. This paper explores how to determine if such applications warrant a system safety process so that potential risk is identi-fied and appropriate prevention, detection, and mitigation content and capabilities are designed, developed, implemented, tested and verified prior to the application deliverable being placed into customer hands. \u0000The role of management in determining what is unacceptable risk and how risk is allocated between participating business and customer entities is also discussed. In this paper, “system” is used as a generic term for the product the company plans to deliver. ","PeriodicalId":250838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of System Safety","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128124060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kaushik Madala, Carlos Avalos-Gonzalez, G. Krithivasan
{"title":"Workflow between ISO 26262 and ISO 21448 Standards for Autonomous Vehicles","authors":"Kaushik Madala, Carlos Avalos-Gonzalez, G. Krithivasan","doi":"10.56094/jss.v57i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56094/jss.v57i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"Assuring safety is important in autonomous vehicles. The safety related to autonomous vehicles can be primarily viewed from two perspectives: the functional safety (FuSa) perspective and the safety of the intended functionality (SOTIF) perspective. While FuSa ensures the system has an acceptable risk with respect to malfunctions of electrical and electronic components, SOTIF ensures the system has an acceptable risk with respect to functional insufficiencies and performance limitations. \u0000ISO 26262 and ISO 21448 are the state-of-the-art international standards used to ensure compliance with FuSa and SOTIF for autonomous automotive systems, respectively. The ISO 21448 standard mentions the need for alignment of ISO 26262 activities with the ISO 21448 activities and describes the mapping at a very high level. However, given the iterative nature of SOTIF activities in ISO 21448, the workflow between the two standards is not a direct one-toone mapping. Hence, we need a clear understanding how we can align ISO 26262 and ISO 21448 activities, and on how analysis done in one standard can impact the other. \u0000To achieve this, in this paper we propose a detailed workflow between ISO 26262 and ISO 21448 standards. We discuss guidelines on how to find if a change to design due to SOTIF modification can affect FuSa analysis and vice versa. We also discuss the aspects we need to consider for agile development when we want to ensure the system being","PeriodicalId":250838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of System Safety","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130214328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"System Safety in Healthcare","authors":"D. Raheja","doi":"10.56094/jss.v56i3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.56094/jss.v56i3.10","url":null,"abstract":"Designing for safety is a process. When the right process is followed, results can be great, such as eliminating most of the warranty costs. The opposite is also true in the absence of the right process. There is a saying: “If we don’t know where we are going, that’s where we will go.”","PeriodicalId":250838,"journal":{"name":"Journal of System Safety","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121902300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号
