Acta medica Eurasica最新文献

{"title":"GENDER DIFFERENCES IN FAMILIAL HYPERCHOLESTEROLEMIA","authors":"I. V. Opalinskaya, E. I. Busalaeva, V. Babokin, N. P. Vasilieva, S. S. Fedorova, Evgeniia Р. Stepanova","doi":"10.47026/2413-4864-2023-2-14-22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/2413-4864-2023-2-14-22","url":null,"abstract":"Lipid metabolism disorders are an important part in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. There are genetic forms of dyslipidemia, so-called familial hypercholesterolemia. In this condition, the risk of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular pathology increases many times. In 2021, an active work was begun in the Chuvash Republic to create a regional (Republican) register accumulating information about patients with lipid metabolism disorders. The authors were the first to attempt to identify individuals with a high probability of familial hypercholesterolemia among them, an analysis of clinical manifestations and ongoing therapy was carried out. The purpose of this work was to study the prevalence and clinical features of familial lipid metabolism disorders among residents of the Chuvash Republic. Materials and methods. For the purposes of the study out of 7838 persons with dyslipidemia documented during 2021, 100 persons aged 40 to 86 years were selected, the average age was 63.29±9.24 years, there were 26% men and 74% women with cholesterol levels of more than 7 mmol/l and/or triglycerides of more than 10 mmol/l, which was regarded as a probable hereditary familial hypercholesterolemia. Anthropometric data, anamnestic data, results of laboratory and instrumental studies were taken into account. For further analysis, the patients were divided into two groups based on their gender. Results. No differences were revealed between the groups in most of the analyzed clinical, laboratory and instrumental indicators. In women with probable familial hypercholesterolemia, obesity is twice more common than in men. Obese women were more likely to have a history of COVID-19 infection (Q = 0.53). Correlation and regression analysis showed that statins intake and coronary arterial stenosis are closely correlated – more than 50% (correlation coefficient Q = 0.55), however, the fact of lipid-lowering therapy has no strong connection with documented atherosclerosis of the lower extremities (Q = 0.06) and the carotid arteries (Q = 0.29). Conclusions. According to the Regional Register of the Chuvash Republic, women significantly predominate among people with suspected familial hypercholesterolemia, and they are older than men. Men are more likely than women to have a mixed type of hyperlipidemia and, consequently, a higher level of triglycerides. The conducted lipid-lowering therapy is insufficient in 86%, which is confirmed by the absence of a significant difference in the level of atherogenic lipids between patients receiving statins and patients not receiving them.","PeriodicalId":249759,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Eurasica","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122999128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECT OF LIGHT REGIME AND MELATONIN ON THE INTENSITY OF THYMUS INVOLUTION IN RATS MEDIATED BY SEROTONIN-CONTAINING MAST CELLS","authors":"E. Luzikova, V. Sergeeva, N. Gimaldinova","doi":"10.47026/2413-4864-2023-2-60-72","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/2413-4864-2023-2-60-72","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this work was to study the effect of melatonin on serotonin-containing mast cells of rat thymus and their role in thymus involution in different light conditions. Materials and methods. Male Wistar rats (n = 60) were divided into six groups: the first and second were kept under conditions of natural photoperiod, the third and fourth – under conditions of constant obscuring, the fifth and sixth groups – under conditions of continuous illumination for 4 weeks. Melatonin was received by animals of the second, fourth and sixth groups in the form of the drug \"Melaxen\" ad libium at the concentration of 4 mg / l with drinking water for 4 weeks. Immunocytochemical reaction (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and luminescent histochemical methods were used for selective detection of serotonin, catecholamines and histamine. Results and discussion. Continuous illumination (24/24) leads to a decrease in the number of mast cells in the areas of thymus atrophy in rats. Administration of melatonin increases the number of mast cells regardless of lighting conditions. The content of serotonin in MCs decreases in conditions of constant obscuring and increases in conditions of continuous illumination. Melatonin increases the content of serotonin in mast cells only in conditions of constant obscuring. Constant obscuring (0/24) results in a decrease in the number of white adipocytes, and continuous illumination (24/24) leads to an increase in the number of white adipocytes in the involution zones. Melatonin introduction reduces the number of white adipocytes regardless of lighting conditions. Measurement of serotonin optical density in white adipocytes showed that continuous illumination reduces the content of serotonin in the cells under study. Exogenous melatonin increases the serotonin content in adipocytes in constant obscuring and decreases it in continuous illumination. We revealed a direct strong correlation dependence between the content of serotonin in mast cells and adipocytes of perithymic white adipose tissue (r = 0.82; p < 0.05) in the group of control animals, which increased if the test animals were in continuous lighting conditions (r = 0.99; p < 0.05). Conclusions. A decrease in the number of adipocytes in the involution sites in obscuring conditions was found to be associated with a decrease in the production of serotonin by mast cells, and an increase in the number of adipocytes under continuous illumination is associated with an increase in serotonin secretion by mast cells.","PeriodicalId":249759,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Eurasica","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114196567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A PRECISION METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE CENTRIC RELATION OF THE JAWS IN PATHOLOGICAL TEETH ABRASION AND COMPLETELY ABSENT DENTITION","authors":"Maksim Romanov, Irek Khafizov, Ildar R. Khafizov, Rais Khafizov","doi":"10.47026/2413-4864-2023-2-32-41","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/2413-4864-2023-2-32-41","url":null,"abstract":"Determining the centric occlusion and forming a prosthetic plane is a complex and time-consuming stage of prosthetics in conditions of reduced height of the lower facial part as a decompensated form of pathological teeth abrasion and completely absent dentition. In modern dentistry, there is a large number of techniques, methods and devices for determining and constructing a prosthetic plane and further determining the centric relation of the jaws. All of them require performing a lot of manipulations to obtain the final result. Errors often occur when determining the centric relations of the jaws, which can affect the quality of manufactured prostheses, their aesthetics and functionality. The purpose of the study is to improve the method of determining the central occlusion based on the use of the author-developed device. Materials and methods. To eliminate the shortcomings of the known methods and techniques for determining the prosthetic plane and the centric relation of the jaws, we developed and patented a device for taking a cast and simultaneous determining the prosthetic plane, as well as the method for subsequent manufacturing a silicone base with occlusal bite-blocks for determining the centric occlusion, which are presented in this article. Results. The practical application of the method that we developed for determining the centric occlusion based on the use of the author-developed device, identified its advantages as well as disadvantages of the traditional well-known method for determining the centric occlusion by wax bases with bite patterns. Conclusions. The use of the method that we offer for determining the prosthetic plane and the centric relation of the jaws at the stages of orthopedic treatment makes it possible to: significantly reduce the time for manufacturing the prostheses; determine the prosthetic plane simultaneously with taking the working impression in four directions; provide the possibility of more accurate determining the prosthetic plane simultaneously with taking the impression; achieve good fixation of the basis in the oral cavity; eliminate deformations of the basis in the oral cavity, simplify execution, reduce material costs in the manufacturing prostheses.","PeriodicalId":249759,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Eurasica","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124024032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DIAGNOSTIC EFFECTIVENESS OF DIFFERENT LIVER ELASTOMETRY METHODS IN PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE DEPENDING ON THE STAGE OF THE DISEASE","authors":"A. Borsukov, D. Doroshenko, A. I. Skutar","doi":"10.47026/2413-4864-2023-2-1-13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/2413-4864-2023-2-1-13","url":null,"abstract":"Today, heart failure remains one of the most important public health problems. The leading pathogenetic mechanism of heart failure is stagnation in the systemic circulation, causing affection of one of the main target organs – the liver. Prolonged stagnation in the liver in combination with hypoperfusion of hepatocytes eventually results in liver fibrosis, followed by transformation into the so-called \"cardiac cirrhosis\". Biopsy with subsequent biopsy material examination remains the \"gold standard\" to diagnose liver damage, however, there are a number of limitations, risks, absolute and relative contraindications, due to which it is impossible to conduct an invasive diagnostic procedure in routine clinical practice settings. In recent years, medical community has paid much attention to an innovative non–invasive method of diagnosing liver fibrosis – ultrasound elastometry. To date, there are several types of this technique that are most commonly used in clinical practice: transient elastometry, point elastometry, two-dimensional shear wave elastography. Each of these methods has its advantages and disadvantages. The aim is to study and compare the diagnostic effectiveness (sensitivity, specificity and accuracy) of various types of ultrasound elastometry in diagnosing liver fibrosis in cardiac patients, depending on the stage of heart failure. Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of diagnostic and minimally invasive technologies department at Clinical Hospital № 1 in Smolensk in the period from October 2022 to March 2023 Three groups of patients with heart failure were examined: Group 1 – patients with stage I of the disease (n = 12), group 2 – with stage II (n = 16), group 3 – with stage III (n = 11), a total of 39 patients. Comparative opportunities of transient liver elastometry, point elastometry and two-dimensional shear wave elastography in patients with various stages of heart failure were determined. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the methods were evaluated. The methods of statistical analysis, generalization, comparison and systematization of data were used. The reference method was multispiral computed tomography with a quantitative assessment of the liver structure, biochemical blood analysis with De Ritis ratio determination and the FIB-4 scale. Results. In group 1, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy indices did not differ statistically in 3 methods. In group 2 in transient elastometry: sensitivity made 58.1%, specificity – 67.4%, accuracy – 61.2%; in point elastometry: sensitivity made 64.7%, specificity – 82.6%, accuracy – 76.3%; in two–dimensional shear wave elastography: sensitivity made 87.4%, specificity – 93.1%, accuracy – 90.8%. In group 3, in transient elastometry, the study was uninformative, in point elastometry: sensitivity made 48.6%, specificity – 60.1%, accuracy – 52.3%; in two–dimensional shear wave elastography: sensitivity made 85.1%, specificity – 92.3%, accuracy – 88.4%. ","PeriodicalId":249759,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Eurasica","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130483170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REVISITING COMPARABILITY OF THE SIZES OF CHANGES CORRESPONDING TO BREAST CANCER IN FILM AND DIGITAL MAMMOGRAPHY","authors":"D. Pasynkov, Sergei N. Merinov, E. A. Romanycheva, L. K. Mukhamatgaleeva, O. Pavlikova, M. N. Nasrullayev, A. L. Fedorov, Olga V. Busygina","doi":"10.47026/2413-4864-2023-2-23-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/2413-4864-2023-2-23-31","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, the traditional film technology of mammography has been replaced by digital technology, but comparative studies aimed at comparability of the size of changes when using these technologies are needed. The aim of the study was to assess the comparability of the size of changes corresponding to breast cancer in digital and film mammography, as well as the clinical significance of the dependencies identified. Material and methods. The study material was 27 sets of digital and film mammograms of patients with breast cancer, performed at intervals of no more than 2 months (digital mammograms – after film ones). The images were used to evaluate the same standardized neoplasm size. Results. The average size of changes corresponding to breast cancer on film mammograms was 16.96±8.44 mm, on digital ones – 15.63± 8.16 mm and 15.67±7.96 mm (p > 0.05). The range of variation in the difference in the neoplasm size according to film and digital mammography was 0-5 mm (0-30%). There were no cases of an increase in the neoplasm size on digital mammograms compared to film ones. In 37.04% (n = 10) of cases, the size of the changes in both types of mammography corresponded, in 29.63% (n = 8) understatement in digital mammography did not exceed 10%; in 25.93% (n = 7) of cases – 20%; in 7.40% (n = 2) – 30%. Underestimation of suspicious changes' sizes during digital mammography became clinically significant when their absolute size was less than 1 cm, when they became poorly visible against the background of fatty and fibrous-fatty parenchyma; as well as in situations when suspicious changes were indistinguishable from benign high-density zones. The use of a computer analysis system of mammograms in all cases ensured labeling changes corresponding to breast cancer. Conclusions. The sizes of changes corresponding to breast cancer (different from microcalcinates clusters, the size differences of which were not demonstrated) in film and digital mammography may differ by 0-30%, which does not allow using these techniques as interchangeable ones. Taking into account the possibility of underestimating the size of small changes, which makes them difficult to identify in the visual analysis of digital mammograms, it is advisable to use routinely a computer analysis system with subsequent targeted analysis of the labeled zones.","PeriodicalId":249759,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Eurasica","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116601148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"POSTOPERATIVE DELIRIUM IN CARDIAC SURGERY","authors":"A. V. Alekseeva, F. Orlov, I. A. Vedeneeva, A. Golenkov","doi":"10.47026/2413-4864-2023-2-85-100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/2413-4864-2023-2-85-100","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, cardiovascular diseases remain the leading ones in mortality among other causes. Increasingly, interventional methods are used in their treatment. In the postoperative period, complications in the form of somatogenic psychoses, including postoperative delirium, are not uncommon. The purpose of the review is to study the prevalence, pathophysiological hypotheses and mechanisms of delirium, as well as risk factors and outcomes associated with the development of this complication in cardiac surgery. Materials and methods. Information was searched in the PubMed database by Key words: delirium, postoperative period, cognitive dysfunction, cardiac surgery. The search yielded a total of 57 results. During the review of titles and abstracts, 47 articles were selected for detailed consideration. Results. There are three forms of postoperative delirium: hyperactive, hypoactive, mixed. The frequency of confused mental state development after heart surgery is 26-52%, and its hypoactive form dominates. Delirium is considered as an acutely developing, reversible nonspecific syndrome of multifactorial etiology, characterized by a combined disorder of consciousness and attention, perception, thinking, memory, sleep–wake rhythm, psychomotor disorders with alternating hypo- and hyperactivity. The factors influencing the onset of delirium include increased inflammatory response, changes in the concentration of neurotransmitters (especially acetylcholine), electrolyte and metabolic and hemodynamic disorders, and the presence of a genetic predisposition. There is a number of preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative risk factors for the development of delirium in patients after cardiac surgery. Delirium after cardiac surgery is associated with such adverse outcomes as increased mortality, stroke risk, sepsis development, more frequent repeated hospitalizations and persistent severe cognitive impairment during 1 year after the surgery. Differential diagnosis is carried out for depression, dementia, psychogenic psychoses and organic lesions of the central nervous system. Delirium treatment is aimed at eliminating the underlying cause; it includes supportive therapy, correction of agitation, elimination of water-electrolyte disorders and elimination of provoking factors (discontinuation of the causal drug), replenishment of nutritional deficiencies, vitamins B12 or B1 (thiamine) with adequate dietary regimen and fluid intake. Conclusions. Taking into consideration that delirium is a dangerous condition that develops in the postoperative period, the following main provisions are important: 1) eliminate correctable risk factors in every period of surgical intervention in outpatient and inpatient settings; 2) carry out drug prevention and, if necessary, delirium therapy; 3) increase alertness regarding the occurrence of confused mental state episodes in patients in the postoperative period; 4) conduct screening in patients over the age of 65 to assess the m","PeriodicalId":249759,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Eurasica","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116369009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE USE OF LITHIUM MEDICATIONS IN PSYCHIATRIC PRACTICE IN THE CONTEXT OF THEIR EFFECT ON THE THYROID STATUS","authors":"Egor E. Nikolaev, A. Golenkov, I. Madyanov","doi":"10.47026/2413-4864-2023-2-124-138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/2413-4864-2023-2-124-138","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium has a wide range of beneficial pharmacological effects and is practically a single option drug in some patients with bipolar affective disorder. At the same time, lithium can cause changes in the structure and function of the thyroid gland. Hypothyroidism and goiter are the most common thyroid disorders in patients receiving long-term lithium therapy. Hence, psychiatrists may have doubts about the safety of administering lithium to patients with thyroid pathology. Additional difficulties may arise when a patient is found to have lithium-induced thyroid disorders. This topic is not sufficiently covered in domestic manuals on psychiatry. That is why the purpose of this article is to review modern literature sources on the effect of lithium on the thyroid gland, recommendations for monitoring lithium-induced thyroid disorders and ways to correct the developing pathology. The article discusses possible mechanisms of disorders in the structure and functioning of the thyroid gland during lithium treatment. Literature data on the influence of gender, ethnicity and duration of lithium therapy on the development of thyroid pathology are presented. The article presents the algorithm for the safe use of lithium medications in the aspect of thyroid pathology. If the thyroid function is slightly reduced during the initial examination, lithium can be prescribed if necessary, but hypothyroidism should be treated with sodium levothyroxine. In the presence of difficult-to-correct hypothyroidism, it is recommended to choose another mood stabilizing agent. Lithium preparations are the most important component in the complex treatment of bipolar affective disorder. Withholding therapy due to the developed thyroid pathology, which is well corrected with medications and more often has a transient character, is not justified. For safe lithium treatment, it is important to monitor the main parameters of the thyroid gland in a timely manner before and during therapy.","PeriodicalId":249759,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Eurasica","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122488667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROBLEMS OF ADAPTATION TO REMOVABLE PROSTHESES IN PATIENTS OF DIFFERENT AGE GROUPS","authors":"Konstantin N. Shurygin, R. Matveev, Bulat N. Khanbikov","doi":"10.47026/2413-4864-2023-2-53-59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/2413-4864-2023-2-53-59","url":null,"abstract":"Adentia is a fairly wide-spread condition among the population. Even at current level of dentistry and materials science development the proportion of patients who do not use removable prostheses, according to various data from foreign and domestic researchers, reaches almost a third. Due to the fact that removable prostheses are combined irritants of prosthetic bed tissues, adaptation to them is an urgent problem of orthopedic dentistry. The process of adaptation to prostheses, according to Russian researchers, takes place on average in the period of 10 to 33 days and depends on many factors, which include anatomical, physiological and individual features of the dento-alveolar apparatus, the condition of the oral mucosa, the degree of the jaw bone's atrophy, the choice and design features of the prosthesis, as well as features of the patient's psychological state. The purpose of this work was to study the peculiarities of adaptation to removable prostheses in patients of different age groups. Materials and methods. A clinical and statistical analysis of 170 outpatient dental records was carried out (form 043/U) for the type of adentia and prosthetics. Next, the patients were offered to fill a questionnaire developed by us, which contained questions that made it possible to assess the adaptation timing, the main complaints when using removable prostheses. All patients underwent a clinical anthropometric examination in order to identify macroglossia according to the technique that we proposed, the finings of which were processed using the authors-developed computer program \"Clinical and Biometric Assessment of the Human Tongue Volumetric Enlargement\". Study results. The largest number of partial removable prostheses was found to be registered in patients with secondary adentia of Kennedy class 1 and 2. When analyzing the incidence of macroglossia depending on Kennedy adentia class, it was established that it was the most often detected in the 1st class, and the least often – in the 4th class. Conclusions. Our observations showed that in all age groups, patients with complete adentia got used to dentures faster than those with partial absence of teeth. The duration of adaptation processes depends not only on the age and type of secondary adentia according to Kennedy classification, but also on the increase in the size of the tongue – macroglossia, which develops in the overwhelming number of patients as a result of prolonged absence of teeth and hyperfunction of the tongue.","PeriodicalId":249759,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Eurasica","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124295662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"OSTEOCALCIFICATIONS OF THYROID NODULES","authors":"V. G. Stepanov, Y. Aleksandrov, L. A. Timofeeva","doi":"10.47026/2413-4864-2023-2-139-150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/2413-4864-2023-2-139-150","url":null,"abstract":"According to the world statistics, when performing thyroid ultrasound, calcifications are detected in 20-33% of nodules of various structures. In recent years, there has been a sharp increase in the number of publications devoted to the assessment of this phenomenon, which is the basis for their study and development of their own approach. The aim is to generalize and systematize the materials available in available scientific Russian and foreign publications on the features of the structure and distribution of calcifications in nodular thyroid formations and on the opportunities of ultrasound examination in their detection and identification from the position of oncological risk. Materials and methods. To achieve the aim, methods of comparison, generalization, analysis, synthesis, grouping of classifications and systematization of data contained in publications of domestic and foreign authors were used. Results. Thyroid calcifications were previously rarely detected at the stage of preoperative examination of patients. With the widespread introduction of ultrasound into practice, such \"findings\" have become frequent. Despite a large number of patients with thyroid calcifications, attempts have not been made to seriously analyze and systematize this ultrasound sign, although some scientists consider them predictors of thyroid cancer. Attempts to seriously study the composition of calcifications in various nodules of the thyroid gland are occasional; they have not yielded practical results yet. Separation of calcium-containing deposits in thyroid nodules into microcalcifications and macrocalcifications significantly increased the diagnostic weight of the first group, which caused the predominant place of the sign \"microcalcifications\" in papillary thyroid cancer. There is no consensus on macrocalcifications. Various variants of their structure and the duration of their formation do not yet allow them to be adequately systematized from the perspective of predicting the diagnosis. Conclusions. According to the majority of the authors of the sources studied, calcium-containing deposits in the nodules of the thyroid gland indicate a severe irreversible restructuring of tissues with loss of their ability to regulate mineral metabolism. With the help of ultrasound, it is possible to not only get a descriptive presentation of calcifications, but to track their change over time as well.","PeriodicalId":249759,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Eurasica","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123661190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"THE EFFECT OF SELENIUM ON THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE ADRENAL GLANDS IN MALE RATS","authors":"N. Timofeeva","doi":"10.47026/2413-4864-2023-2-73-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47026/2413-4864-2023-2-73-84","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the research and its scientific novelty. Selenium is an important trace element that regulates the functioning of the reproductive, endocrine and immune systems. It has an antioxidant and anti-carcinogenic effect, protects cells and their membranes from the effects of free radicals. The use of selenium leads to an increase in the adaptive-adaptive reactions of the body. The adrenal glands are the first to react to various effects by increased synthesis of catecholamines in acute stress and corticosteroids in chronic stress. The purpose of this research was to study the structure of intact adrenal glands and the reaction of the adrenal glands to the course administration of selenium. Materials and methods. The study examined the body weight of rats and adrenal glands, the level of cortisol in the blood, the cumulative morphometric index; the study included computer morphometry of sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin and toluidine blue by Unna, immunohistochemical examination of the adrenal glands in intact rats and rats after selenium administration during 1 month. A correlation analysis was carried out. Results. Selenium intake was found not to affect the body weight of rats and adrenal glands and the cortisol level in the blood. There is a decrease in the cumulative morphometric index in 1 and 2 months after discontinuation of selenium intake and a decrease in the area of the medulla mainly in 1 month. The width of the cortical substance exceeds the same indicator of intact rats in 1 month due to the glomerular zone and becomes smaller in 3 months. The number of mast cells does not significantly increase, but the percentage of degranulated cells increases 1 month after discontinuation of selenium intake. In 3 months, this indicator approaches the level of intact rats. Conclusions. It was revealed that against the background of selenium intake, morphofunctional restructuring of the adrenal glands occurs, which is expressed in a change in the thickness of the cortical substance, the area of the medullary substance, the total morphometric index, the proliferative activity of the adrenal tissues and an increase in the number of degranulated mast cells.","PeriodicalId":249759,"journal":{"name":"Acta medica Eurasica","volume":"48 7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116304664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}