British Journal of Earth Sciences Research最新文献

{"title":"Engineering Geological Properties of Subsurface Soils for Foundation Purposes in Parts of Bayelsa State, Niger Delta","authors":"C. Ashioba, G. Udom","doi":"10.37745/bjesr.2013/vol11n3112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/bjesr.2013/vol11n3112","url":null,"abstract":"The geotechnical properties of soil samples obtained from eight (8) boreholes from some parts of Bayelsa State were determined to assess their suitability as foundation materials. The geotechnical characteristics of the soils were determined from the laboratory and field works. The Atterberg limit results reveal that the liquid limit ranges from 46.5% to 98.3%, the plastic limit ranges from 23.5% to 56.3% while the plasticity Index values range from 17.1% to 51.3%. The clays are highly plastic (CH) in the USCS designation. The natural moisture content ranges from 35.9% to 91.3%, the moisture content is relatively high, this could be attributed to the wet season period of sampling. The particle size analysis disclosed that the cohesionless samples are predominantly fine to medium and medium dense sands. The triaxial test results shows that values of Cohesion (C) ranges between 16 – 40KN/m2 and the friction angle (ϕ) ranges between 3 – 6o. The result of the undrained shear strength of the clay ranges between 20Kpa and 24Kpa. The coefficient of consolidation (Cv) of the clay soil samples varies between 1.13 m2/yr and 2.89 m2/yr, the coefficient of volume compressibility, (Mv) for these same materials varies between 0.215 m2/MN and 6.338 m2/MN. Generally, indicating clay layers of high to very high compressibility. The calculated values for ultimate bearing capacity (qu) and allowable bearing capacity (qa) varies between 100.29KN/m2 to 151.49 KN/m2 and 33.42 KN/m2 to 50.50 KN/m2 respectively. The analyses showed that the values of ultimate bearing capacity increases with depth. The calculated settlement ranges between 69mm to 653mm with the thickness of clay of 7.5m and 30.0m respectively. Raft foundation is best suited for these weak, soft foundation materials for light structural loads but for heavy structural load, a pile foundation is recommended.","PeriodicalId":249043,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Earth Sciences Research","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121961069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Integration of Geophysics and Petrophysics in Study of Rock at Elete, Lokoja Southwestern Nigeria","authors":"Ojoka Benjamin Shaibu, O. W. Osisanya, S. Saleh, E. P. Asarhasa, Emeka Caleb Okpala","doi":"10.37745/bjesr.2013/vol11n34774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/bjesr.2013/vol11n34774","url":null,"abstract":"Granitic Gneiss and Banded Gneiss make up the bulk of the local rock types, and quartz veins are the most common intrusions seen there. Tectonic upheavals in the earth's crust are responsible for the region's structural features, including as foliations, folds, joints, and fissures. The goal of this research is to integrate several scientific techniques to subsurface structure definition. For this study, 16 Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES), petrophysical study, and background knowledge of geology were used to delineate subsurface rock. The Schlumberger array with a maximum electrode separation of 300m was employed for VES. Elete's true aquifer resistivity map shows that the South-Eastern and North-Eastern axis has relatively low resistivity values, which may indicate the presence of an aquiferous zone, while the North-Central and Southern regions have a wider range of resistivity values, which may not be consistent with a water-bearing zone. Additionally, petrographic analysis of the rock reveals that the mineral composition of Granitic Gneiss is Quartz (41.72%), Plagioclase (10.79%), Biotite (25.17%), Muscovite (19.42%), and Opaque (2.87%). While biotite makes up the granite gneiss. Biotite (45%), Muscovite (9.93%), Quartz (36.87%), Plagioclase (4.26%), and Opaque (3. 55%).Hydrogeologically, it stands to reason that Elete and its surroundings are situated in a region with medium to good groundwater potential based on the information at hand and the results of the geophysical investigation. Weathered/fractured basements are anticipated to contain productive aquifers.","PeriodicalId":249043,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Earth Sciences Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130858506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resilience of Fisherman In Industry Development Ikan Asap Households In Bengkulu, Indonesia","authors":"Herri Fariadi, I. Cahyadinata, A. Irawan, Yazid Ismi Intara","doi":"10.37745/bjesr.2013/vol11n31327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/bjesr.2013/vol11n31327","url":null,"abstract":"One of the productive economic growth sectors that serves as the foundation for Bengkulu Province's coastal development program is the development of fishermen's businesses through the home industry. The goal of this study was to investigate the features of the Ikan Asap home industry as well as to examine the resilience of fishermen in the Ikan Asap home industry in Bengkulu Province. The descriptive analysis method is used in the investigation. From the last 5 (years), precisely from 2018 to 2022, the innovation has been tested using the publish or perish application. Then VOSviewer is used to visualize bibliographies or data sets in order to identify themes that still have research opportunities. The study's findings indicate the peculiarities of the Ikan Asap home industry for fishermen, both boat owners and crew members. The primary element in the Ikan Asap industry is fresh fish, but fish that are not sold fresh are occasionally used as raw materials. The equipment used is still basic and privately owned. Because the level of marine Ikan Asap production is relatively low, namely an average of 10 kg per production, capital availability is an impediment, and Ikan Asap production is sold to the market and collectors. On the market, sell. The level of resilience of fishermen in the growth of home industries for the production aspect is 17.13 in the weak category, 16.75 in the weak category, and 6.44 on average for capital or credit institutions. Category is lacking. In the medium group, the average level of resilience in terms of market institutions is 7.88. Fishermen in extension institutions have a medium level of resilience, with an average of 7.66.","PeriodicalId":249043,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Earth Sciences Research","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114409190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air Quality Index of some Commercial Centres in Uyo Metropolitan Area, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria","authors":"G. Ebong, H. Etuk, A. O. Okon, I. Anweting, A. E. Ekot, J. Essien","doi":"10.37745/bjesr.2013/vol11n32846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/bjesr.2013/vol11n32846","url":null,"abstract":"Commercial activities in urban cities in the world have contributed to the development of the society and at the same time impact negatively on the environment. This study investigated the influence of some commercial centres namely: Akpanadem Market, Uyo Plaza, Itam Market and Itam Abattoir in Uyo Metropolis to ascertain their air quality based on the activities carried out at each location. The levels of NO2, SO2, H2S, CO, Cl2, NH3, HCN, CH2O, TVOCs, PM2.5, and PM10 were monitored at the studied locations using standard instruments. Results obtained revealed that the mean concentrations of all the air pollutants determined except SO2 were above their recommended limits by Federal Environmental and Protection Agency (FEPA). It was also observed that, activities at Itam abattoir released the highest levels of these air pollutants. The dumping of organic wastes in markets, cigarette smoking, emissions from generators and vehicles, use of condemned tyres and petroleum products were the major sources of these pollutants at the studied locations. The multivariate analysis revealed the anthropogenic source as the major route for the release of these pollutants into the air environment. Air quality index analysis showed that if human beings are exposed to the levels of these air pollutants at all the locations for a long time, they can affect both the sensitive to non-sensitive groups adversely. The results of this study should be used for the proper planning and management of these commercial centres by the concerned agencies.","PeriodicalId":249043,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Earth Sciences Research","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124308553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Essential Material Economics Modules for Students of the Economics Study Program, State University of Medan T.P. 2022/2023","authors":"A. Arwansyah, Dede Ruslan, Nasrullah Hidayat, Munzir Phonna","doi":"10.37745/bjesr.2013/vol11n37588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/bjesr.2013/vol11n37588","url":null,"abstract":"Online learning has so far had the effect of limited access to information, including having cost-effective teaching materials, especially essential materials. Speakers as facilitators are required to be creative in improving the quality of learning. For this reason, it is necessary to compile a decent module to support learning, especially in economics courses that are relevant to the concept of KKNI assignments. In general, this research aims to produce quality modules that are suitable for use in learning. This research uses research and development (R&D) methods with the concept of Borg and Gall. This research was carried out in the Economi Science study program of FE Unimed with a population of all classes of students of microeconomics courses in the academic year 2022/2023. Samples are determined by intentional random sampling and sample classes are used for application and testing of limited small samples. To determine the feasibility of further elaboration of this didactic material will be validated by expert validators, as well as to test the practicality and effectiveness of the didactic material tested with the students. This research is conducted to produce a decent module, and has an ISBN.","PeriodicalId":249043,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Earth Sciences Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114064575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Availability and Accessibility as Determinant Factors for Uptake of COVID-19 Vaccines among National Certificate of Education Students in Bauchi State, Nigeria","authors":"Abdullahi Yunusa Giade, Sani Buba, A. Yusuf, Mohammed Hassan, S. Salihu, K. Adamu","doi":"10.37745/bjesr.2013/vol11n22634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/bjesr.2013/vol11n22634","url":null,"abstract":"Uptake of vaccines is a long term preventive measures against any infectious disease, however it was observed that there was a low patronage of COVID-19 vaccines among the youth in Bauchi State. Therefore, the study assessed availability of Covid-19 vaccines and evaluates its accessibility as determinants of uptake among NCE Students in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Descriptive research design of survey type was used as research design, the population of the study comprised of 8,947 NCE students from the four public Colleges of Education in Bauchi State, Nigeria; the sample for the study was 650 NCE students selected through multi-stage sampling procedure of cluster sampling, simple random sampling, proportionate and convenience sampling techniques. The instrument used for data collection was a researcher developed questionnaire on 4points Likert scale, the instrument was validated by three experts in the field of Health Education for face and content validity; in the same vein, the reliability of the instrument was ascertained through a pilot study using test re-test method with 30 respondents, the result obtained was subjected to Pearson Product Moment Correlation, were a coefficient of .82 was obtained. Consent of the respondents was sought before the data collection; the data collected were analysed using one sample t-test. Findings of the study revealed that availability (p=.000) and accessibility (p=.000) were significant determinants of Covid-19 vaccine uptake among NCE students in Bauchi State. It was concluded that availability and accessibility to COVID-19 vaccines were very essential factors in determining the vaccine uptake. It was recommended that the vaccines should be made available in the College clinics of the State for easy access to students and other College community; this will go a long way in motivating them to patronise and use the vaccines.","PeriodicalId":249043,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Earth Sciences Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131537899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Foraminiferal Biostratigraphy of Well Ad, Western Niger Delta","authors":"A. Asadu, O. B. Oghotuoma","doi":"10.37745/bjesr.2013/vol11n21625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/bjesr.2013/vol11n21625","url":null,"abstract":"Micropaleontological analysis of sixty (62) ditch cuttings rock samples collected from interval, 7800 feet to 12,002 feet of well AD, located offshore western Niger Delta was carried out for the investigation of their age and paleodepositional environment. Standard methods and techniques of foraminiferal sample processing and analysis were followed to disaggregate the microfauna from the rock matrix. The studied interval is predominantly made up of 80 to 100 % sandstone, minor shale and siltstone with variable textural properties. Foraminifera study revealed well preserved and diverse species dominated by the calcareous benthic forms. A total of seventy-four (74) foraminiferal species were recovered among which fifty (52) two are calcareous benthic, six (6) are agglutinating forms while sixteen (16) are planktonic foraminifera. On the basis of the faunal assemblage, abundance and diversity of the important foraminiferal events, four (4) foraminiferal zones (Valvulineria spp, Brizalina mandoroveensis, Hanzawaia concentrica and Lenticulina inornata) were recognised and correlated with F300 and F500 to assign an early to middle Miocene age for the sediments. Paleoenvironmental deductions were based primarily on the richness and diversity of foraminiferal species categories. The presence or absence of planktonic foraminifera aided in deciphering open ocean environments. The dominant biofacies associations recorded within the studied section of Well-AD is the Ammonia beccarii biofacies defined by the rare to common occurrences of Ammonia beccarii, Bolivina scalpratamiocenica, Florilus atlanticus and Epistominella vitrea. Brizalina mandoroveensis species, Lenticulina inornata, Hanzawaia strattoni, Eponides eshira, Cribroelphidium galvestonensis and Hanzawaia concentrica were also in association. The Ammonia beccarii biofacies is indicative of the Shallow/Inner Neritic Paleoenvironment, while the Inner Neritic/Middle Neritic Setting is characterized by top occurrence of Valvulineria spp, a rich continuous occurrence of Epistominella vitrea. The paleoenvironment of the studied section of Well-AD is dominantly inner to middle neritic with concomitant minor incursion of outer neritic setting.","PeriodicalId":249043,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Earth Sciences Research","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128530335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facies Analysis and Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction of Well X, Onshore Niger Delta, Nigeria","authors":"A. Asadu, G. Ajogu","doi":"10.37745/bjesr.2013/vol11n23551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/bjesr.2013/vol11n23551","url":null,"abstract":"Biofacies and lithofacies analysis of one hundred and ninety-two (192) ditch cutting rock samples from well x, onshore Niger Delta was carried out for the purpose of the paleoenvironmental reconstruction of the rock succession. The objectives were to identify the lithofacies units and species of foraminifera and to use both quantitave and qualitative foraminiferal assemblage to recognise the benthonic foraminiferal biofacies and integrate both results for delineation of paleobathymetric and paleoenvironmental settings of sediments penetrated by well x interval studied. The rock samples were prepared through wet-sieve analysis with 63µm mesh sieve size, and subsequently through dry-sieve analysis with 250µm and 500µm mesh sieve sizes. The prepared rock samples were analyzed to generate data for sedimentological grain-size analysis and foraminifera biofacies assemblages. The grain-size analysis provided lithofacies associations, sand/shale ratio and sorting/gradational profile for the studied intervals of well-x while the micropaleontological analysis identified a total of ninety-three (93) well preserved foraminiferal species from which three (3) biofacies associations were delineated. The biofacies include: Ammonia beccarii, Ammonia beccarii/Bolivina scalprata miocenica, and Haplophragmoides compressa/ Valvulina flexilis biofacies indicating Shallow Inner Neritic, Inner- Middle Neritic, and Outer Neritic – Upper Bathyal paleoenvironment respectively. The result of the sand/shale ratio and lithofacies associations indicated penetration into the Agbada Formation of the Niger delta and deposition within shallow to deep marine paleoenvironmental settings, predominantly as channels, intercalated with overbank and distal bar/bay deposits. Synthesis of the biofacies and lithofacies indicated stratigraphic development between coastal deltaic and upper bathyal paleowater depths.","PeriodicalId":249043,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Earth Sciences Research","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115805653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palynomorph Biostratigraphy of VIC 97 Well, Nothern Depo Belt, Niger Delta, Nigeria","authors":"A. Asadu, V. O. Onowaro","doi":"10.37745/bjesr.2013/vol11n2115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/bjesr.2013/vol11n2115","url":null,"abstract":"Palynological and sedimentological studies were conducted on sixty ditch cutting rock samples from interval 460 to 4550 feets of VIC-97 well, located at OML 38, Northern Depo-belt, Niger-Delta, to delineate lithofacies units and the age of the rock succession. Standard methods of palynological sample analysis were used to disaggregate the palynomorphs from the rock matrix. Log signatures, sand/shale ratios, textural attributes, and accessory mineal compositions of ditch cutting rock samples were used as lithologic parameters to establish two lithofacies units; the transitional unit having a sand/shale ratio of 80:20 and the continental Unit having a 98:2 ratio ascribed to upper Agbada and Benin formation respectively. Palynological analysis revealed that the retrieved palynomorphs were numerous and reasonably diversified, particularly in the lower portion of the sample interval. Palynological zonation was based on the palynofloral assemblage of important species and their stratigraphic distribution. Thirteen informal biozones were recognised on the basis of their first and last downhole occurences and compared with P 560, P580 and P624 to delineate an early to late Oligocene age for the studied interval.","PeriodicalId":249043,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Earth Sciences Research","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123823866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of the Flood Hazard and Risk Management in The South Iran Region, Particularly Konarak, Makoran in Balochestan","authors":"M. A. Zainudini, A. Sardarzaei","doi":"10.37745/bjesr.2013/vol11n13143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37745/bjesr.2013/vol11n13143","url":null,"abstract":"Flood preparedness involves building capacities that enable minimizing losses through effective response and recovery. While there are many preparedness assessments at household and community level, very few have been conducted at institutional level. This study assessed the households' perspectives of the preparedness of civil protection institutions in Iran during the 2021 Balochestan flood disaster and identified the capacity building needs of the civil protection institutions. It used a 5-point Likert scale to measure six preparedness indicators: emergency plans, early warning systems, evacuation, resources, disaster knowledge, and relocation camp management. Data came from a cross-sectional survey involving 1456 household-heads who were randomly selected among the affected villagers of Konarak.The findings revealed various gaps in preparedness both at indicator and at variable level. While some indicators showed incipient levels of development in all their variables, others had a combination of low and developed variables. The preparedness elements that critically need immediate attention include the development of emergency plans, evacuation of populations at risk and the prepositioning of resources. However, it is pertinent to mention that civil protection Systems in Iran need to strengthen most of their preparedness elements. As such, this study recommends strengthening preparedness activities in civil protection systems.","PeriodicalId":249043,"journal":{"name":"British Journal of Earth Sciences Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114534247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}