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The Formation of Post-Classical Philosophy in Islam最新文献

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Books and Their Teachings 书籍及其教导
The Formation of Post-Classical Philosophy in Islam Pub Date : 2021-08-12 DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780190886325.003.0005
Frank Griffel
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引用次数: 0
Khorasan, the Birthplace of Post-Classical Philosophy, a Land in Decline? 呼罗珊，后古典哲学的发源地，衰落的土地?
The Formation of Post-Classical Philosophy in Islam Pub Date : 2021-08-12 DOI: 10.1093/OSO/9780190886325.003.0002
Frank Griffel
{"title":"Khorasan, the Birthplace of Post-Classical Philosophy, a Land in Decline?","authors":"Frank Griffel","doi":"10.1093/OSO/9780190886325.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/OSO/9780190886325.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"Post-classical philosophy in Islam developed during the sixth/twelfth century in the eastern Islamic lands, in Iraq, Iran, and what is today Central Asia. Tracing the conditions and circumstances of its development requires an understanding of the political context, the patterns of patronage, and institutions of higher education and of research during this era. This chapter offers an introduction to the political history of the sixth/twelfth century with a focus on the courts that offered patronage to philosophers, and it analyzes the proliferation of madrasas during this era and their role for higher education and research.","PeriodicalId":247440,"journal":{"name":"The Formation of Post-Classical Philosophy in Islam","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134301564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Epilogue 后记
The Formation of Post-Classical Philosophy in Islam Pub Date : 2021-07-22 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190886325.003.0008
Frank Griffel
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引用次数: 0
Philosophy and the Power of the Religious Law 哲学与宗教法的力量
The Formation of Post-Classical Philosophy in Islam Pub Date : 2021-07-22 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190886325.003.0004
Frank Griffel
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引用次数: 0
Books and Their Genre 书籍及其体裁
The Formation of Post-Classical Philosophy in Islam Pub Date : 2021-07-22 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190886325.003.0006
Frank Griffel
{"title":"Books and Their Genre","authors":"Frank Griffel","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190886325.003.0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190886325.003.0006","url":null,"abstract":"Beginning with an analysis of al-Ghazali’s Doctrines of the Philosophers (Maqasid al-falasifa), this chapter reconstructs the development of books in the genre of hikma during the sixth/twelfth century. The chapter suggests that works such as Fakhr al-Din al-Razi’s Eastern Investigations (al-Mabahith al-mashriqiyya) and his highly influential Compendium on Philosophy and Logic (al-Mulakhkhas fi l-hikma wa-l-mantiq) have their origins in the genre of reports of philosophical teachings written by Muslim theologians. The prime example of this genre is al-Ghazali’s Maqasid. The chapter analyzes how this latter book was viewed and used during the sixth/twelfth century and how it triggered forgeries. It shows how books that wish to report the teachings of falsafa became more and more engaged in developing these teachings, a development that ends in the two comprehensive summae of philosophy written by Fakhr al-Din al-Razi.","PeriodicalId":247440,"journal":{"name":"The Formation of Post-Classical Philosophy in Islam","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125336559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Conclusions 结论
The Formation of Post-Classical Philosophy in Islam Pub Date : 2021-07-22 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190886325.003.0009
Frank Griffel
{"title":"Conclusions","authors":"Frank Griffel","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190886325.003.0009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190886325.003.0009","url":null,"abstract":"Fakhr al-Din al-Razi’s philosophical books argue for a God who acts out of pure necessity and whose creative activity goes on forever, creating a pre-eternal world. His books of kalam, however, argue for a freely choosing creator who creates a world that began at one point in time. The Conclusions explain this contradiction by suggesting that for al-Razi the rational evidence for both understandings of God was equally strong and one could not trump the other. While he never wrote a text where the arguments for both sides are compared, he wrote different kinds of books that argue forcefully for the one position or the other. Unlike al-Ghazali, al-Razi acknowledged that a pre-eternal world is possible and that Avicenna had strong arguments in favor of it. Triggered by 12th century developments on the method of philosophy and the genre of philosophical texts, al-Razi developed a new type of philosophical summa of which his Eastern Investigations (al-Mabahith al-mashriqiyya) and his Compendium on Philosophy and Logic (al-Mulakhkhas fi l-hikma wa-l-mantiq) are the prime examples.","PeriodicalId":247440,"journal":{"name":"The Formation of Post-Classical Philosophy in Islam","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126526547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Death of falsafa as a Self-Description of Philosophy 法尔萨法之死:哲学的自我描述
The Formation of Post-Classical Philosophy in Islam Pub Date : 2021-07-22 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190886325.003.0003
Frank Griffel
{"title":"The Death of falsafa as a Self-Description of Philosophy","authors":"Frank Griffel","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190886325.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190886325.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"Al-Ghazali’s Precipitance of the Philosophers (Tahafut al-falasifa), published in 488/1095, changed the way the label falsafa was understood in Arabic scientific literature. Falsafa is a calque from the Greek word philosophía, and before al-Ghazali it was widely understood in a sense similar to the Greek word, namely as a reference to the scientific discipline and discourse that began with the works of Plato and Aristotle and continued in Arabic with al-Kindi or al-Farabi. Based on an earlier use of the term in kalam literature, however, al-Ghazali understood falsafa as a reference to a particular set of teachings put forward by one particular group of philosophers, namely the followers of Avicenna (Ibn Sina, d. 428/1037). Scholars of the sixth/twelfth century largely adopted this meaning of falsafa, so that in subsequent Arabic and Persian scientific literature the word was mostly used as a reference to Avicenna’s teaching and to Avicennism and not as a reference to the discipline and discourse of philosophy as such.","PeriodicalId":247440,"journal":{"name":"The Formation of Post-Classical Philosophy in Islam","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129884092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Books and Their Method 书籍及其方法
The Formation of Post-Classical Philosophy in Islam Pub Date : 2021-07-22 DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780190886325.003.0007
Frank Griffel
{"title":"Books and Their Method","authors":"Frank Griffel","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780190886325.003.0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190886325.003.0007","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter deals with the method of philosophical books during the sixth/twelfth century. It begins with an analysis of Abu l-Barakat al-Baghdadi’s method of i’tibar (careful consideration) and highlights its departure from al-Farabi’s and Avicenna’s (Ibn Sina’s) demonstrative method as the ideal of philosophical inquiry. The chapter looks at how Fakhr al-Din al-Razi describes his own method in his philosophical books and it analyzes the method of “probing and dividing” (sabr wa-taqsim) used therein. Finally, the chapter zooms in on the methodical differences between Fakhr al-Din’s philosophical books and his books of kalam and focuses on the principle of sufficient reason. This philosophical principle requires that every event must have a rational explanation of its cause(s). The principle is universally valid in al-Razi’s philosophical books, yet in his books on kalam only insofar as God’s will is excluded from this requirement. This difference has far-reaching effects on the teachings put forward in these two genres of books.","PeriodicalId":247440,"journal":{"name":"The Formation of Post-Classical Philosophy in Islam","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115384538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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