The Internet Journal of Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence of eating disorders and risk profile in a group female college students","authors":"M. Tözün, Alaattin Ünsal, U. Ayrancı, Gul Arslan, D. Arslantaş, F. Koç","doi":"10.5580/9ad","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/9ad","url":null,"abstract":"To examine potential some risk factors considered related to eating disorders in a group of university female students. This cross-sectional study was carried out between March 1st and May 30th 2008. The Eating Attitudes Test-40 was used to determine eating disorders. The mean age of the students in the study group was 20.28±1.61. years. The prevalence of eating disorders was 13.8%. It was found that the students with higher household income level showed higher prevalence of eating disorders (p<.05, for each one). The results indicate that further psychological counseling programs, for especially female students with higher EAT-40 scores are necessary.","PeriodicalId":247354,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114818282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time Management Among Adolescent – Need Of The Hour","authors":"M. Goel, D. R. Gaur, Meenu Goel, R. Mishra","doi":"10.5580/14b0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/14b0","url":null,"abstract":"Adolescence is the period of transition from childhood to adulthood. W.H.O. has defined adolescents as individuals aged between in 10-19 years. It is the most fertile and most vulnerable segment. Time management is of paramount importance, especially for the overall growth and development of adolescence. The study was conducted on 400 students in the age group of 10-19 years showed that adolescents spend more of the time in personal cleanliness, playing games and watching television. They did not spend any time meditation or remembering God, moral teachings, caring for old persons, and family, patriotic and national values. There is an imperative need to have a strong need based action programme at the level of Family/Parents/Teachers in schools & community for guiding the adolescent regarding proper time management.","PeriodicalId":247354,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132536600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reduction of Falls in Elderly. The central role of Alfacalcidol in a multi-dimensional paradigm","authors":"Erich Schact, F. Richy","doi":"10.5580/afd","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/afd","url":null,"abstract":"Fractures in the elderly represent a major threat in terms of life expectancy and quality of life. Modern therapeutics in the fight against fractures in the elderly require pluripotent efficacy in both preserving bone mineral density and limiting falls. Indeed, epidemiological evidence has recently highlighted that agents with a targeted action on bone only may fail to prevent up to 50% of the fractures observed in patients over 60 years. Furthermore, there are growing fundamental and clinical evidences that native vitamin D is unable to reduce falls and fractures in vitamin-D replete patients and patient with deficient renal function. Dhormone analogs (Alfacalcidol and Calcitriol) have been scrutinized for two decades for their abilities to prevent BMD loss, fractures, and, more recently, falls. Alfacalcidol (1alpha (OH) D3), notably by bypassing the renal endogenous feedback loop regulation, is a synthetic vitamin D derivative with more favourable pharmacokinetic and tolerability profiles as compared to calcitriol (1,25 (OH)2 D3). Encouraging results from pilot studies have driven research, and led to modern data able to support a pseudo Copernician change by switching from supplementation with vitamin D to actively treat bone, muscle, and neurocoordination with Alfacalcidol. This systematic narrative review browses the current pilot, clinical and meta-analytical data to demonstrate, in an evidence-based fashion, that the D-Hormone analog Alfacalcidol is an excellent candidate in preventing falls and fractures to a greater extent as compared to native vitamin D. The continuum of evidence synthesized in this paper highlights the necessary change in medical paradigm to efficiently prevent fractures in the elderly, and opens new research pathways, notably in combination therapies with Alfacalcidol. AGE-RELATED FRACTURES; A MULTIFACTORIAL PARADIGM Clinical experience and epidemiological data demonstrate that mobility and balance are key determinants of improved quality of life in worldwide aging populations. Falls currently tends to be a primary outcome in clinical trials given their consequences, in terms of fractures, quality of life and psychological consequences, including deconditioning and kinesophobia. A significant number of osteoporotic fractures are associated with falls, independently of bone mineral density (BMD) 1. Fractures are of the most conservative outcome in the fight against osteoporosis. Recently it was shown that 54% of women aged 65 years or older with incident hip fractures were not osteoporotic 2. Established osteoporosis in older patients of both sexes is characterized by decoupled bone remodelling induced by a deficit in sex hormones, as well as by a somatopause (insulin-like growth factor [IGF]-deficit), but also by a lack of circulating vitamin D, a reduced synthesis of D-Hormone in the kidneys and bones and by a lack of receptors and/or receptor affinity for D-Hormone (VDR’s) in the target organs leading to increased p","PeriodicalId":247354,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123536353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patterns Of Genital Ulcer Diseases Among Hiv/Aids Patients In Benue State, North Central Nigeria","authors":"G. Jombo, E. Okwori, G. Otor, E. Odengle","doi":"10.5580/2091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2091","url":null,"abstract":"Aim To ascertain the pattern of genital ulcer diseases (GUDs) among HIV infected people of Benue state.Procedure The study was retrospectively carried out in Makurdi and Oturkpo. Data from HIV patients who presented with GUDs was compiled for a period of 10 years (June 1999May 2009). Relevant information from patients records such as: age, sex, occupation, clinical information on GUDs, clinical and or laboratory diagnosis, treatment and treatment outcomes were extracted. Samples were collected, stored and processed using standard laboratory procedures. Data obtained was analysed using Epi Info 2002 statistical software.Results The incidence of HIV was found to be 72.38% (506 out of 699) among the GUDs patients. Among the HIV patients, Genital herpes and Chancroid were respectively recorded in 76.21% (221 out of 290) and 81.69% (165 out of 202) of the them, (P 0.05). Granuloma inguinale was only found in HIV patients.Conclusion While detection of genital herpes and chancroid should be considered a warning sign for probable HIV infection in the locality, more results oriented measures should be put in place in order to bring HIV infection, GUDs as well as other STDs under check. Also syndromic management should be intensified and among others adequate provision be made for these GUDs.","PeriodicalId":247354,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130542502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problems in reporting of statistics: comparison between journal related to basic science with journal related to clinical practice","authors":"Jaykaran, P. Yadav, P. Bhardwaj, J. Goyal","doi":"10.5580/bba","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/bba","url":null,"abstract":"IntroductionFor any research paper most important part is method section. Results and conclusions derived from research articles are of no validity if methods are not appropriate. Statistics is very important part of method section. It is observed that many articles published in various journals have one or more statistical faults.MethodsWe appraised research paper published in Indian journal of pharmacology and Indian pediatrics in 2007 and 2008 on the basis of modified checklist.ResultsWe observed that calculation of sample size was not mentioned in any article in Indian journal of pharmacology. It was mentioned in 24% of the article of Indian pediatrics. Confidence interval was mentioned in only one article of Indian journal of pharmacology but it was mentioned in 6 (13%) article of Indian pediatrics. Distribution of data was analyzed in only three percentages of articles in Indian journal of pharmacology and 15% of article in Indian pediatrics. Average sample size for clinical trials was 18.9 in Indian journal of pharmacology whereas in Indian pediatrics it is 66.6. Appropriate statistical tests were used in 91% of the articles in Indian journal of pharmacology whereas 93% in Indian pediatrics. Study protocol was followed in 100% of articles and two tailed tests were used in 100% articles. Parametric tests were used in 89% of articles while nonparametric tests were used in 11% of articles in Indian journal of pharmacology. In Indian pediatrics these values are 84% and 15% respectively. ConclusionWe believe that awareness need to be generate regarding the use of confidence interval, distribution of data, adequate sample size and nonparametric statistics in both of the journals.","PeriodicalId":247354,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"83 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130854952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Propensity score methods to adjust for confounding in assessing treatment effects: bias and precision","authors":"Zhiqiang Wang","doi":"10.5580/58b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/58b","url":null,"abstract":"There is an increasing interest in the use of propensity score (PS) methods for confounding control, with generally three ways of estimating adjusted treatment effects in pharmacoepidemiological studies: 1) stratification on PS, 2) matching on PS and 3) using PS as a covariate. To assess bias and precision of different methods, we conducted simulations in three scenarios: 1) treatment had no effect but the crude estimate showed a protective effect; 2) treatment was protective and the crude estimate was more extreme; and 3) treatment increased the risk but the crude estimate showed protective. Adjusting for confounders in all methods shifted the effect estimates toward the true values. Adjusted odds ratios using the PS stratification and the method using PS as a covariate were biased due to either residual confounding or over-adjustment. Matching on PS produced less biased average estimates than other methods but the precision of effect estimates was lower. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------","PeriodicalId":247354,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126821282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Domestic environment & morbidity of under five children","authors":"V. Chaudhari, R. Srivastava, M. Moitra, V. Desai","doi":"10.5580/1127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/1127","url":null,"abstract":"Under five children are vulnerable to many factors. The most important role is played by harmful domestic environment through which a child has to pass, which may lead to morbidity and mortality. Over 40% of the global burden of disease attributed to environmental risk factors fall on children below 5 years of age, who account for about 10% of the world’s population. 1 These deaths can be prevented. In September 2002, WHO launched the Healthy Environment for Children Initiative. To look into the new area of concern, this cross sectional study was carried out to explore the influence of domestic environment over the illness of under five children. The study areas were selected by the method of two-stage sampling. History of fever, cough or diarrhoea among under five children within last 15 days from the day of the interview was enquired to perform relational analysis with domestic environment. When collection of water within 15 meters of the house was considered, 100% of the Urban slum households reported for fever as compared to only 3.6% in the MIG area. The lack of hygiene was reflected in the form of significantly higher skin disease rate of 15.2 % among Slum children as compared to 3.95% in MIG area.","PeriodicalId":247354,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"2015 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121767450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reliability Of Self-Reported Blood In Urine For Diagnosis Of Schistosoma Haematobium In A Community In South-Eastern Nigeria","authors":"O. Okon, Adanna I. Ememayom, K. Opara","doi":"10.5580/e58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/e58","url":null,"abstract":"The present study assessed the value of self-reported blood in urine as a tool to estimate the prevalence of infection with Schistosoma haematobium. A questionnaire which sought questions about blood in urine was administered to 150 school children from Adim, Cross River State, Nigeria. Each child also provided a urine sample that was parasitologically processed for eggs of S. haematobium. The prevalence of self-reported blood in urine was 82 (54.7%) while the laboratory diagnosis revealed a prevalence of 68 (45.3%) P>0.05. The prevalence of self-reported blood in urine correlated positively (r = 0.833; p 0.05). The peak prevalence was observed among children aged between 7 –8 years old. This finding suggest that selfreported blood in urine might provide a reliable tool for identifying schools and communities with high prevalence of S. haematobium infection. This will be of immense benefits to any control programme in the distribution of the drug of choice praziquantel to endemic communities.","PeriodicalId":247354,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114421254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioterrorism: An Imminent Public Health Threat","authors":"P. Bhardwaj, J. Srivastava, J. Karan","doi":"10.5580/6f8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/6f8","url":null,"abstract":"Bioterrorism is a planned and deliberate use of pathogenic strains of microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses or their toxins to spread life-threatening diseases on a mass scale in order to devastate the population of an area. Bioterrorism agents can be separated into three categories, depending on how easily they can be spread and the severity of illness or death they cause. Biological agents can be spread through the air, through water, or in food. Robotic delivery is also possible. Another technique, a nightmare for bioterror experts, is the use of “suicide coughers”. To strengthen the area of biodefence, the US senate passed the ‘Bioterrorism Act of 2002’. A highly effective public health system should make an important contribution to deter the threat by demonstrably diminishing the result of a potential attack. The strategies against bioterrorism involve prevention of an attack, detecting bioweapons, and quick relief in the event of biowar. The next step is the introduction of Bioterrorism related topics in the medical curriculum, so that the medical students should be encouraged to stay abreast of new developments as they continue their training and begin their practices.","PeriodicalId":247354,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131420612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Hazards And Quality Of Life Of The Workers In Tobacco Industries: Study From Three Selected Tobacco Industries At Gangachara Thana In Rangpur District Of Bangladesh","authors":"Md Mosiur Rahman","doi":"10.5580/14e5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/14e5","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This paper investigates the impact of tobacco on the health status and the quality of life of the tobacco industries workers in Bangladesh by examining the situation prevailing in three selected tobacco industries. Methods: This study analyzes data of 500 tobacco industries workers collected from a field survey from three selected tobacco industries at Gangachara Thana in Rangpur district of Bangladesh. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression method were employed in analyzing the data. Results: It is observed that largest percentage of workers involved in bidi making followed by gull and jarda processing. The sanitation facilities and the ventilation facilities provided by the industries are not so well. Respondents who were working in the factory about 68% of them suffering from various kinds of lung diseases of them maximum suffering from asthma (32%) but interestingly only 5% workers said that in some times the factory give medical allowances some times but it did not fulfill their demand. Bivariate analysis shows that workers who did not use mask during their working period were nearly 5 times more developed the diseases. It was also found that workers socio-economic condition is not so well. Multivariate logistic analysis unveils that children and older persons were more vulnerable for such kinds of diseases and also as the duration of working in the factory increases the risk of diseases also increases. The other contributing factors for health hazards due to tobacco of the tobacco workers are found to be types of works, types of drug addiction, and average hours of work and duration of work in the factory. Conclusions: The results indicate several policy options: (a) the need for creation of awareness among the workers regarding causes of how they are being affected physically how could they are able to overcome the problems; (b) as the majority of the workers were illiterate investment in education for our children and initiatives for equality for women would help the poor to rise from their deplorable conditions in tobacco-related employment; (c) “Tobacco Control Law” should be modified to cover other types of tobacco products and to increase their prices; (d) There is need to ensure the availability of health care centers and proper sanitation facilities by the industries; ; (e) It is equally important that a portion of the profits gained from the sale of tobacco products should evenly distributed among those involved in the work education to bring about a lasting impact on the overall health condition of the tobacco workers.","PeriodicalId":247354,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127768316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}