The Internet Journal of Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Epidemiological Review on Factors Determining Prevalence of HIV among Migrant Males of Nepal","authors":"V. Khanal, R. Karkee","doi":"10.5580/2ace","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2ace","url":null,"abstract":"Migration is long standing phenomenon for Nepalese population. Migrated population are at higher risk of HIV infection. The objective of this article is to examine the risk factors that are associated with higher prevalence of HIV among migrant labours of Nepal. This review found that HIV prevalence, though decreased from 8.5% in 2002 to 1.1% in 2008, is still high among migrants. Multiple factors are associated with the risk of HIV prevalence in migrant group. The major determinants includes behavioural, social, environmental and health system capacity. Among migrants the rate of condom use was very low ( 17.7%) but visit to female sex workers and extramarital partners were found high. Peer pressure, low perceived risk of contracting disease, and less access to condom were some of the factors which hindered condom use. Availability of economically feasible service of female sex workers was another factor associated with high prevalence of the disease. Limited health system capacity is a cross cutting issue which has contributed in outnumbering this group from the main stream focus of HIV prevention effort. Unsafe sexual behaviour was the major determinant of HIV among migrants of Nepal. This review concludes that efforts of HIV prevention should be directed to migrants of rural areas to reduce the risk of spread of the disease.","PeriodicalId":247354,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"191 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122484457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supportive Supervision And Immunization Coverage: Evidence From India.","authors":"G. Babu, Vivek Singh, Siddhartha Nandy, Sayantee Jana, T. Sathyanarayana, Sadhana Sm","doi":"10.5580/1437","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/1437","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, authors have used operation definition of Supportive supervision to studying its role in improving immunization coverage in developing country settings. Comparison of immunization coverage before and after the initiation of supportive supervision is analyzed. Despite of methodological limitations, the study infers that supportive supervision improves immunization coverage and also serves an efficient tool to strengthen the local health system.","PeriodicalId":247354,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123421913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence Of Periodontal Diseases In Diabetic And Non-Diabetic Patients- A Clinical Study.","authors":"M. Mittal, Hitasha Teeluckdharry","doi":"10.5580/13f6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/13f6","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The sixth long-term complication of diabetes is periodontitis. The link between periodontal and systemic health is a two-way street. Patients with diabetes are at a greater risk for developing infections, and these infections can impair these patients' metabolic control. Patients with both diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease present the challenge of managing two chronic diseases, each of which may impact the other.Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of periodontal disease in patients with type 2 DM in a single center Mauras College Of Dentistry, Oral Research Institute and Hospital at Arsenal in Mauritian population.Methods: A clinical study was carried out. A total of 2000 patients were included (980 diabetic patients and 1020 nondiabetic patients as controls). Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who were dentate aged 40 years and above and with ≥ 6 remaining teeth were studied. The study period was 3 months. Results: Periodontal disease was seen in 49.9% of the subjects when both diabetics and controls were taken into consideration. Periodontal disease is prevalent in all diabetic patients.Conclusion: Mauritian subjects with Diabetes Mellitus had more prevalent periodontitis than healthy Mauritian subjects","PeriodicalId":247354,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131287948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence Of Overweight And Obesity In A Private School Of Orissa, India","authors":"Sumitra Patnaik, L. Patnaik, S. Patnaik, Mohd. Akhtar Hussain","doi":"10.5580/1459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/1459","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity has become a major epidemic causing serious public health concern and contributes to 2.6 million deaths worldwide every year. In developing countries such as India, especially in urban populations and affluent children, obesity is emerging as a major health problem. Objectives: 1. To study the prevalence of overweight & obesity among school children of an affluent school. 2. To assess the risk factors related to obesity. Materials and methods: The present study was a cross sectional study conducted in an affluent English Medium School of Bhubaneswar during Jan. Feb. 2011. After getting permission from school authorities, the data was collected from students of Class 1 to 10. One section from each class is randomly selected and all the students present during the survey were screened for overweight and obesity. In this way, data was collected from 468 children. Complete data of each child were collected using a pre-designed, pre-tested questionnaire. Result: Out of total 468 school children, 41.9% were boys and 58.1% were girls. 44.4% children belong to 5-10 years age group while the 55.6% children belong to 10-15 years age group. The overall prevalence of overweight and obesity in school children of 5-15 years was found to be 28.63% (overweight – 14.1% and obesity – 14.53%). Maximum prevalence i.e. 36.54% was found in children of 5-10 years age group and 33.65% in boys. Overweight and Obesity was found significantly higher in Children of 5-10 years age group, with family H/O obesity, not playing outdoor games, not doing regular exercise, watching TV, Computer more than 2 hours daily and consuming junk food regularly. Conclusion: Periodic screening for overweight and obesity should be done in schools followed by counseling of parents of overweight and obese children. Counseling of adolescent children on lifestyle modification should be emphasized.","PeriodicalId":247354,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116794457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis In Ibadan, Nigeria","authors":"B. Adegoke, A. Akinpelu, B. Taylor","doi":"10.5580/1f08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/1f08","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: The prevalence of idiopathic scoliosis which accounts for most cases of structural scoliosis not due to diseases or injury to bones among adolescent Nigerians has not been reported. This study was designed to provide preliminary data on the prevalence of idiopathic scoliosis among adolescent students of selected secondary schools in Ibadan municipality.Design: Cross-sectional survey.Setting: Nine secondary schools in Ibadan, the largest and the third most-populated city in Nigeria.Participants: They were 999 students (514 boys, 485 girls) aged 10-20 years (X=14.14±1.69years) sampled from nine purposively selected secondary schools in Ibadan.Intervention: All subjects had an initial visual screening of the spine but those who demonstrated visually recognizable lateral deviation of the spine also had secondary screening to ascertain the presence of rib hump, shoulder elevation, trunk decompensation and location of the scoliosis curve. Data were subjected to descriptive statistical analysis.Results: Fifty-three (5.3%) of the subjects had visually recognizable scoliosis. The male to female prevalence ratio was 1.5:1. All but one subject with scoliosis were right handed while 26 (51%), 23 (49%) and 4 (7.5%) of them had right thoracic, left thoracic and left lumbar scoliosis respectively. Twenty five subjects (2.5%) were twins but 3 (12.0%) of them had scoliosis.Conclusions: The prevalence of idiopathic scoliosis among adolescents in this study is similar to rates reported among similar age groups in other parts of the world. The finding suggests a need for a national survey of idiopathic scoliosis and institutionalization of the school screening program in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":247354,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124244953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Socio-Economic Correlates Of Shisha Or Waterpipe Smoking In Misurata, Libya.","authors":"S. Sugathan, Omar M Daghir, Mohammed Swaysi","doi":"10.5580/196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/196","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hookah or Shisha smoking is a major public health problem in Arab countries, especially in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Aim: To study the effect of socioeconomic factors on Hookah or Shisha smoking in Misurata, Libya. Method: Data was collected from 242 regular Hookah smokers in Misurata, Libya using a structured questionnaire. Results: The majority of smokers in this study (34.4%) were of the age group 35-44 years. (Mean age 41.2 and Standard deviation 10.92). Almost half of the Hookah users in the study were businessmen (47%). Majority of the Hookah or water-pipe users (68.8%) were of high income group. Those with a lower income started Hookah smoking, at an earlier age (p<.001). Duration of use was significantly higher in the low income group. Most of the Hookah smokers in this study were having high education (75%). Smokers with lower education level, started the Hookah smoking at an earlier age (p<.001) and the duration of Hookah use was higher among primary school education group (p<.001). Conclusion: Lower education and lower income was significantly associated with early initiation and long duration of Hookah usage.","PeriodicalId":247354,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130229946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation Of Immunization Cards And Parental Recall Against Gold Standard For Evaluating Immunization Coverage","authors":"G. Babu, J. Olsen, Sayantee Jana, Siddhartha Nandy, M. Farid","doi":"10.5580/111d","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/111d","url":null,"abstract":"India launched Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) in India in 1978 to control Vaccine Preventable Diseases (VPD). In 1978, EPI coverage was included for six diseases: diphtheria, peruses, tetanus, poliomyelitis, typhoid and childhood tuberculosis. The aim of EIP was to cover 80% of all infants. Subsequently, the programme was universalized and renamed as Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) in 1985. Measles vaccine was included in the programme and typhoid vaccine was discontinued. The UIP was phased in from 1985 to cover all districts in the country by 1990, targeting all infants with the primary Immunization schedule and all pregnant women with Tetanus Toxic Immunization.1 2","PeriodicalId":247354,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126302026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinico-Epidemiological And Hematological Profile Of Sickle Cell Anemia With Special Reference To Penicillin Prophylaxis In A Rural Hospital Of Central India","authors":"K. Swarnkar, A. Kale, B. Lakhkar","doi":"10.5580/155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/155","url":null,"abstract":"Research questions: clinical, epidemiological and Hematological characteristics of a cohort of children with sickle cell anemia attending a specialist out-patient clinic in a rural hospital?Objectives:1. To study the pattern, type and frequency of crises/ infections in sickle cell anemia children.2. To observe the effect of intervention (penicillin prophylaxis, folic acid, regular follow up) on the pattern of crisis and infections in disease 3. To study the hematological values in sickle cell anemia children at recruitment.4. To correlate hemoglobin and hematocrit values to number of crisis/ infections in disease.5. To study the effect of intervention on academic performance in disease.Study design: prospective studySetting: Study was conducted in Department of Pediatrics, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College and Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital, sawangi (wardha)Participants: Children up to14 years of age.Study variables: Age, sex, clinical profile. Hematological profile, scholastic performance, penicillin prophylaxisResults: A prospective study on 131 children revealed that 44.27% were of disease and 55.73% were traits. Most patients, in both disease and trait, belonged to the age group of 4-8 years comprising 47.32% of total patients. Patients of lower socio-economic status constitute the most common class in both in disease (67.24%) and trait patients (65.75%). Recurrent fever (51.14%) was the most common symptom in both group, Splenomegaly (44.27%) was the most common sign. Patients with sickle cell disease presented most commonly with vaso-occlusive crisis (51.72%) of which hand-foot syndrome was most common (20.69%). Hemoglobin less than 5gm% and age group 0-4yr is associated with highest number of crisis or infection but there is statistically significant decrease in episodes of crisis/infection following penicillin prophylaxis","PeriodicalId":247354,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114438435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Epidemiology of Haematological Malignancies at the University Of Benin Teaching Hospital: A Ten-Year Retrospective Study.","authors":"Nwannadi Ia, A. Oo, Bazuaye Gn, H. Nkd, O. Ce","doi":"10.5580/1fbb","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/1fbb","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Haematological malignancies comprise a collection of heterogeneous mitotic conditions, all originating from cells of the bone marrow and the lymphatic system. They are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the Niger delta region of Nigeria, a region noted for its high petrochemical activities. The burden of these malignancies has not been evaluated in this region and there is limited data on the epidemiology of these malignancies in Nigeria.Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiology of haematological malignancies, in terms of sex, age, marital status, educational background, occupation, tribe, residence, and place of origin of the patients and to determine the incidence, and prevalence rates of the various haematological malignancies.Materials and Methods: A total of four hundred and twelve (412) case notes of all patients with the diagnosis of haematological malignancies over a ten-year period (January 1999 to December 2008) were reviewed. Demographic features and the number of the various types of malignancies were extracted and analyzed using the statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 15.Results: Result showed that haematological malignancies accounted for 17.4% of all malignancies seen in the study area within the study period. They were significantly more common among the males, the adults, the married, the educated, the unemployed patients and the Bini tribe. The average incidence rate of haematological","PeriodicalId":247354,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122170854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prioritizing Social Actions And Involving Community For Prevention Of The Non-Communicable Diseases","authors":"G. Babu, R. Detels","doi":"10.5580/2152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5580/2152","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, there have been papers articulating the importance of priority interventions that are useful for controlling the crisis of non-communicable diseases. 1 2 However, we wish to state that the UN High-Level Meeting (UN HLM) on NCDs in September 2011 should also focus on additional and important aims. These are addressing other broader social/contextual factors and the promoting co-opting strategies wherein; communities and employers are involved as partners (as opposed to being mere recipients) in prevention and intervention for controlling NCDs. There is abundant evidence that social and structural factors play a significant role in why people use tobacco, alcohol and unhealthy foods. 3 In low and middle income countries (LMIC), there is an urgent need to counter the social challenges such as advertising tobacco products and alcohol, promoting fast unhealthy foods and not providing safe, exercise opportunities such as safe jogging facilities, all of which play a key role in rapid upsurge in the incidence of NCD’s in these countries. There is also a large body of evidence on the negative role of job stress and workplace environment in causing early onset and worsening of NCDs, particularly high blood pressure and heart disease. 4 5 6 7 In our study of workers in India, we found that the prevalence of hypertension among information technology industry workers was as high as 15% among young people less than 30 years. This is a decade earlier than reported for the rest of India and 2 decades earlier than reported in developed countries. 8 9 Social contextual factors at the organizational level, job stress and environmental factors play an important role in the occurrence of hypertension at earlier age. Based on our study and others we feel that it is very important to design specific strategies targeting environmental and structural factors present in the worksite. 10 There has been evidence of success in reducing smoking and increasing fruit and vegetable intake through worksite level interventions. 11 12 UN-HLM offers a unique and rare opportunity to focus on interventions which involve and target workplace and community characteristics, and traditions that promote NCDs and counter negative social forces such as those which are inherent in globalization efforts .8 Targeting schools can also be particularly effective as this is when lifelong habits are solidified. As an example, the CATCH study was very successful in achieving and sustaining multiple level targeted changes at the individual, environmental and community level in reducing smoking, improving nutritional choices and increasing physical activity at schools. 13 Mobilizing the community and employers to recognize the problem and to take responsibility for designing interventions can be particularly effective as was demonstrated by Zunyou Wu and Detels which involved mobilizing villagers in southern China to combat initiation of drugs by young men. 14 The work by Lester Breslow in de","PeriodicalId":247354,"journal":{"name":"The Internet Journal of Epidemiology","volume":"35 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132831321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}