{"title":"A VisualSfM based Rapid 3-D Modeling Framework using Swarm of UAVs","authors":"C. Lundberg, H. Sevil, Aditya N. Das","doi":"10.1109/ICUAS.2018.8453396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUAS.2018.8453396","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) swarm based rapid 3D modeling framework for objects of interest in unknown environments using Visual Structure from Motion (VisualSfM). The presented technology framework is driven by the goal to provide rapid and accurate situational awareness for mission planning in applications such as disaster control/recovery, search and rescue, industrial infrastructure monitoring, large inventory accounting, military asset movement and so on. Our approach to deliver the necessary and sufficient amount of information using a hierarchical swarm of UAVs. Processed information from UAV onboard sensors is synthesized into easy-to-interpret three dimensional (3D) contents for particular areas of interest. This paper presents the preliminary proof of concept experiments for the presented 3D modeling framework, tested with a heterogeneous swarm of UAVs of varying capabilities. The goal of the presented research and development effort is to deliver a rapid and enhanced surveillance/reconnaissance capability with selective 3D detailing and classification of only the areas of interest in the global map and not the entire map, thereby limiting the computational cost and cognitive load on human agents in the team.","PeriodicalId":246293,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123272383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neural control of a Quadrotor: A state-observer based approach","authors":"C. Rosales, F. Rossomando, C. Soria, R. Carelli","doi":"10.1109/ICUAS.2018.8453303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUAS.2018.8453303","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a neuro-adaptive controller with supervisory control for UAVs. A state observer of the control errors is defined because the vehicle could be affected by measurement noise and external disturbances. In this study, the control errors are estimated by a state neural observer from which the neural adaptive system generates a control action. Also, a supervisor term is defined in order to guarantee the system stability. The neuro-adaptive controller parameters are updated on-line by the adjustment laws that are a function of the control errors calculated by the observer. These adjustment laws were obtained through the Lyapunov stability criterion. To summarize, simulation results demonstrate the good performance of the proposed technique for trajectory tracking tasks in navigation environments affected by measuring noise and external disturbances.","PeriodicalId":246293,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125415887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Identification of Thrust, Lift, and Drag for Deep-stall Flight Data of a Fixed-wing Unmanned Aircraft","authors":"T. Cunis, Tobias Leth, L. Totu, A. L. Cour-Harbo","doi":"10.1109/ICUAS.2018.8453340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUAS.2018.8453340","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we consider a small unmanned aircraft and data collected during regular and deep-stall flight. We present an identification method for the thrust force generated by the propulsion system based on the in-flight measurements where we make use of the well-known linear and quadratic approximations of the lift and drag coefficients, respectively, for low angles of attack. This overcomes the lack of propeller thrust measurements and the obtained models are successfully evaluated against CFD simulation. The identified thrust model proves applicable beyond low angles of attack, thus enabling force estimation in the full flight envelope.","PeriodicalId":246293,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS)","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122297474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Drone delivery schedule optimization considering the reliability of drones","authors":"Maryam Torabbeigi, G. Lim, Seon Jin Kim","doi":"10.1109/ICUAS.2018.8453380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUAS.2018.8453380","url":null,"abstract":"We consider a delivery network using drones. Drones can fail during the flight and such drone failures can result in loss of demand and consumer satisfaction. Therefore, we consider the reliability of drones in a delivery network to minimize expected loss of demand (ELOD). The more reliable the network is, the less amount of demand will be lost. We assume drone failures follow an exponential distribution. A two-stage programming is proposed: the first stage provides a pool solution of feasible paths and the second stage provides the most reliable scheduling. The proposed procedure is implemented for a case study and the results show the impact of including reliability in drone scheduling.","PeriodicalId":246293,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122300429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ground Impact and Hazard Mitigation for Safer UAV Flight Response","authors":"A. Poissant, L. Castano, Huan Xu","doi":"10.1109/ICUAS.2018.8453328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUAS.2018.8453328","url":null,"abstract":"As Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) become more commonplace, there is a growing need for safer flight control software that allows for the UAV to understand and autonomously react to various flight anomalies. Decision-making software must allow the aircraft to perform tasks such as detect and avoid, as well as respond to critical failures mid-flight. This paper develops a ground impact and hazard mitigation (GIHM) module that integrates the following: (1) consideration of flight failure modes, (2) generation of feasible ground impact footprints based on glide equations, (3) selection of safest response ground impact sites based on a high resolution LandScan USA population dataset, and (4) controlled descent to selected site. For a sample population distribution, integration of GIHM with standard UAV flight software shows a reduction of 20.396 casualties per 100,000 flight hours compared to the flight software without GIHM. A 96% reduction in fatalities per flight hour resulted from incorporating this module, which brings UAVs closer to being safe enough to be integrated into the National Airspace System (NAS).","PeriodicalId":246293,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS)","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122518763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shuoyuan Xu, A. Savvaris, Shaoming He, Hyo-Sang Shin, A. Tsourdos
{"title":"Real-time Implementation of YOLO+JPDA for Small Scale UAV Multiple Object Tracking","authors":"Shuoyuan Xu, A. Savvaris, Shaoming He, Hyo-Sang Shin, A. Tsourdos","doi":"10.1109/ICUAS.2018.8453398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUAS.2018.8453398","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the development of a real-time multiple object detection and tracking system for a small scale UAV. The YOLO deep learning visual object detection algorithm and JPDA multiple target detection algorithm, were selected and implemented. The theory and implementation details of these algorithms are presented. The performance analysis of the system is done on both public dataset and aerial videos taken by UAV.","PeriodicalId":246293,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122930363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Baoqian Wang, Junfei Xie, Songwei Li, Yan Wan, Shengli Fu, K. Lu
{"title":"Enabling High-Performance Onboard Computing with Virtualization for Unmanned Aerial Systems","authors":"Baoqian Wang, Junfei Xie, Songwei Li, Yan Wan, Shengli Fu, K. Lu","doi":"10.1109/ICUAS.2018.8453368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUAS.2018.8453368","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, unmanned aerial systems (UAS) have attracted significant attentions because of their broad civilian and commercial applications. Nevertheless, most existing UAS platforms only have limited computing capabilities to perform various delay-sensitive operations. To tackle this issue, in this paper, we develop a high-performance onboard UAS computing platform with the virtualization technique. Specifically, we first discuss the selection of microcomputers that are suitable for UAS onboard computing. We then investigate virtualization schemes that can effectively manage constrained resources in UAS, flexibly support UAS applications, and enable resource sharing among multiple UAS to achieve higher computing power. In our study, we compare the performance (such as computing, network, isolation, etc.) of two representative virtualization techniques including virtual machine (VM) and container, using KVM and Docker, respectively. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the performance trade-offs between VM and container, and validate the benefits of virtualization in supporting real UAS applications.","PeriodicalId":246293,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129255757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"UTM concept demonstrations in Fukushima; requirements for UAS-port operation with different UAS operators","authors":"H. Nakamura, Kenya Harada, Y. Oura, Yuki Horie","doi":"10.1109/ICUAS.2018.8453416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUAS.2018.8453416","url":null,"abstract":"In the future society, where small unmanned aerial systems (sUASs) are used in many commercial domains such as delivery services, operations of a kind of port systems, where different sUAS operators use with beyond line of sight, can be found. The authors of this paper investigated safety requirements for such a port and demonstrated a concept at the sUAS flight demonstration conducted by the Japan Unmanned System Traffic & Radio Management Consortium in October 2017 in which about 120 flights were made with 20 small sUAS including one simulated sUAS under a traffic management.","PeriodicalId":246293,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127003788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tilting multicopter rotors for increased power efficiency and yaw authority","authors":"Conrad Holda, Behnam Ghalamchi, M. Mueller","doi":"10.1109/ICUAS.2018.8453359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUAS.2018.8453359","url":null,"abstract":"We demonstrate that a simple mechanical modification increasing the yaw authority of a multicopter leads to a reduction in mechanical power consumption in flight. Increased yaw authority is achieved by tilting the propellers' thrust directions in the direction that increases their yaw torque. The power reduction is achieved in noisy environments, where the vehicle experiences external disturbances. This is due to the lower variance in motor forces required for yaw control, and the convex functional relationship between force and power consumed. We present a theoretical analysis motivating a reduction in power consumed to first order in increasing propeller tilt, in addition to increasing agility. Experiments validate the idea, where the measured electric power is used instead of the mechanical power consumption. Experiments are performed on two quadcopters of very different scales, with masses ranging from 45g to 1.15kg, with both showing a power improvement.","PeriodicalId":246293,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121316127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Empirical Evaluation of Ceiling Effect for Small-Scale Rotorcraft*","authors":"Stephen A. Conyers, M. Rutherford, K. Valavanis","doi":"10.1109/ICUAS.2018.8453469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUAS.2018.8453469","url":null,"abstract":"Ceiling effect refers to the apparent increase in lift that a rotorcraft experiences when flying close to a ceiling or any similar surface that is present above the rotor(s). Ceiling effect is similar in principle to ground effect, in which an increase in lift is observed flying close to the ground. Ground effect has been well studied for conventional helicopters since the 1950's, and more recent research is exploring this phenomenon for multirotor aircraft. Ceiling effect, however, was never explored in detail for conventional helicopters because large manned aircraft do not operate in enclosed spaces. The recent widespread use of small-scale UAVs and the demand for increased autonomy when flying in enclosed environments has created a need for detailed studies of ceiling effect. This paper discusses the benefits of an improved understanding of ceiling effect, the current state-of-the-art, and a comprehensive experimental evaluation of ceiling effect for single and multirotor UAVs. The experimental results for multirotors presented are for multiple propeller configurations, speeds and spacings. In addition, a comparison is made with ground effect, and the fundamental differences that exist in these two cases. Ultimately, this work provides foundations for the development of an improved UAV flight controller that can accurately account for various aerodynamic disturbances that occur near surfaces and structures to improve flight stability.","PeriodicalId":246293,"journal":{"name":"2018 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS)","volume":"9 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113979095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}