ETM - Equipment, Technologies, Materials最新文献

{"title":"STATISTICAL NATURE OF STRENGTH AND SCALE EFFECT IN MOUNTAIN ROCKS","authors":"Rafail Mehdiev Rafail Mehdiev, Gulshad Agayeva Gulshad Agayeva","doi":"10.36962/etm13012023-141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/etm13012023-141","url":null,"abstract":"The theories and concepts of strength considered above are based on the model of a body either as a homogeneous structureless medium, or as a material having a structure, but uniform throughout its volume. Rocks are obviously not such bodies. They are composed of mineral grains of different properties, contain macrodefects in the form of pores and various inclusions, as well as objects of various aggregate states (gases, liquids). Under these conditions, deterministic theories of strength turn out to be clearly untenable.\u0000In particular, the use of the classical theory of Griffith cracks is complicated by the following circumstance. Since the rock is an aggregate of mineral grains, a microcrack developing inside the grain inevitably reaches its boundary and, consequently, the radius r of the crack mouth increases abruptly. Therefore, for the transition of a crack to another grain and its further development, a stress greater than that follows from Griffith's theory is required. Thus, there is some \"barrier\" stress, at which only the development of a crack in a real rock is possible. In addition, the development of cracks in the rock occurs mainly along the contact of mineral grains, i.e., along the cementing material, often of a clay composition. For such a material, the theory of brittle fracture is applicable. \u0000The destruction of the rock (from the standpoint of any theory of strength) is determined by the stresses acting in it. But due to the heterogeneous structure of the rocks, the local stress concentration centers are randomly distributed in its volume. Therefore, the strength and destruction of rocks must be considered from a statistical standpoint. This approach is justified for most other materials used by humans. The idea of the statistical nature of strength was first put forward in scientific terms by A.P. Aleksandrov and N.S. Zhurkov in 1933.\u0000Keywords: rock strength, constant material, scale effect, rocks, destruction probability, fractured, robustness theory, microcrack, mineral, experience constant, density of defects, displacement, compression.","PeriodicalId":246138,"journal":{"name":"ETM - Equipment, Technologies, Materials","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122022028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INVESTIGATION OF THE SEALING UNIT OF THE ANNULAR PREVENTER","authors":"Tamilla Khankishiyeva Tamilla Khankishiyeva, Musfiq Omarov Musfiq Omarov","doi":"10.36962/etm13012023-51","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/etm13012023-51","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, different kinds of sealing aspects for something like an annular тpreventer are looked at. It was looked at how spherical and cone-shaped sealing elements are made. The advancement of spherical seals has been looked into based on what other countries were doing. The sealing parts that are presently used for spherical circumferential preventers aren't really universal and only work with a small number of drill pipes. They also can't completely seal the well mouth when there are no drilling tools in the well. A seal for a annular-type preventer is considered. The sealer includes a large number of metal inserts embedded in the elastomeric body. The inserts are arranged radially at equal distances from each other around the longitudinal axis of the seal. They support the elastomeric body under radial compression, which ensures the sealing of the annular space. When the sealing assembly is compressed around the drill pipe, the elastomeric body is compressed radially in the direction of the longitudinal axis. Metal inserts move in the same direction. The disadvantage of this design is that in the closed position, the pressure in the borehole can affect the elastomeric body, which leads to a change in its stress state. As a result, significant stresses develop in certain areas of the elastomeric body, acting on the sealing assembly in two directions: radially to the center and along the longitudinal axis upwards. At significant pressures of the reservoir fluid, stresses can lead to the destruction of the seal. An annular sealing element placed between the lid and the plunger of a spherical annular preventer has been studied. The element is installed in the spherical cavity of the lid and consists of an elastic material reinforced with rigid inserts. This design has a disadvantage associated with the wear of the working surfaces. When the tool is axially moved through a closed sealing element, a narrow belt of elastic material near the inner upper edge of the sealing element first wears out. Then, as it wears out, the width of the belt increases, reaching full height at the end.\u0000Keywords: circular sealing element, cylindrical sealing element, strengthened metal inserts, elastomeric body, annular preventer.","PeriodicalId":246138,"journal":{"name":"ETM - Equipment, Technologies, Materials","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122618388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"QUALITY STUDIES OF PLASTIC PARTS OILFIELD EQUIPMENT","authors":"Naila Gasanova Naila Gasanova, Elmira Khalilova Elmira Khalilova","doi":"10.36962/etm13012023-45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/etm13012023-45","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers the quality of plastic parts of oilfield equipment depending on the modes of manufacturing their various designs and the composition of press materials. By adjusting the regime parameters in the manufacture of parts, quality indicators are determined: tensile strength, hardness of parts, and others. The use of parts made of plastic materials for the development of the oil field equipment industry can be considered efficient from a technical and economic point of view. Also, in order to improve the quality, strength and longevity, plastic masses, which are an alternative product to metals and non-metals, have started to be used. Studying the performance indicators of the used plastic materials is considered mandatory. The quality of details made of plastic masses depends on many factors, and the indicators of these factors appear during operation. The quality indicators of products made of plastic materials in oil field equipment are distinguished by the presence of unlimited possibilities, greater than structural materials. Parts made of such materials have high performance indicators and are used in the preparation of parts with different constructions using uncomplicated processing methods. For the development of the oil industry, ways to increase the durability and longevity of the equipment used in this industry should be investigated. Based on the results, an experimental-theoretical method for determining the main quality criteria (shrinkage deformation and other quality indicators, strength, hardness, surface roughness) of plastic parts is proposed. The developed technique for the design of plastic parts makes it possible to estimate the expected life of parts, taking into account their operating conditions.\u0000Keywords: quality, plastic parts, press materials, performance, shrinkage.","PeriodicalId":246138,"journal":{"name":"ETM - Equipment, Technologies, Materials","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132450241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SUBMERGED ARC WELDING AND MELTING TECHNOLOGY","authors":"Rustam Abaszada Rustam Abaszada","doi":"10.36962//etm13012023-92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962//etm13012023-92","url":null,"abstract":"The article dedicated \"Submerged arc welding and meltıng technology\" method, which is one of the technologies for repairing friction-worn parts of oil and gas equipment.\u0000The efficiency, technological regime,advantages of the process are noted, and it is also shown that this method is used today in the oil industry and shipbuilding.\u0000With these methods, the repairing of a part of the pieces corroded by friction, as well as the possibility of welding steel plates of different grades and thicknesses, was reflected.\u0000In determining welding procedures for certain applications, the welding engineer must first take into account the specific welding qualities required, since in practice, although some factors can be determined quite accurately, others change during manufacturing process.\u0000Arc voltage, electrode selection, welding speed are important considerations in determining operating mode, and the penetration caused by high voltage combined with low speed is indicated accordingly.\u0000The supply of agent (glycerin) to the recently created attachment zone is indicated. It reduces the thermal impact of the cooling arc on the half and will increase the cooling rate of the deposited and metal, decreasing the deformation and self-heating of the adjacent elements of the half. Besides, the liquid serves to safeguard the liquid metal from the harmful effects of chemical element and gas.\u0000Keywords: overheating, vibration, crack, arc voltage, welding defects, welding speed, technical glycerin, soda ash.","PeriodicalId":246138,"journal":{"name":"ETM - Equipment, Technologies, Materials","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124260462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DYNAMICS OF DECOMPOSITION OF SOLID HOUSEHOLD WASTE IN THE PRESENCE OF SULFURIC ACID","authors":"Sattar Ibragimov Sattar Ibragimov, Rana Jamalova Rana Jamalova, Khoshqadam Yusifova Khoshqadam Yusifova","doi":"10.36962/etm13012023-99","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/etm13012023-99","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the development of technology for obtaining organic-mineral fertilizers and chemical meliorants on the basis of solid waste (SW). The presented article mainly describes the physico-chemical basis of decomposition of solid waste with solutions of different percentages of sulfuric acid, which is the first stage of the study. The purpose of the research is to study the physico-chemical basis of decomposition of solid waste depending on the concentration of sulfuric acid solution, its initial temperature, time and intensity of mixing during the development of technology for obtaining organic-mineral fertilizers and ameliorative substances.\u0000During the study, the concentration of sulfuric acid solution from 5% to 70, decomposition dynamics of samples within 36-80 minutes, It was studied under mixing conditions at an intensity of 40 per/min to 180 per/min. It was established that each factor has a great influence on the percentage of decomposition of solid household waste, therefore, the optimal parameters for each factor were determined and clarified as a result of experimental experiments.\u0000As a result of the conducted research, it was determined that solid waste from the point of view of the richness of macro-and microelements contained in it is a fully usable raw material for fertilizer production, it has been observed that the extraction of food-repellent elements from the composition of solid household waste with 10-20% sulfuric acid solution is appropriate and in this case, along with the decomposition, the process of neutralization of microorganisms in it takes place. 40-600C optimum temperature of technological process for transition of moisture-repellent elements into solution, it has been proved that the concentration of acid solution is between 10-20% and the mixing intensity is 60-140 per/min., in the end, it is recommended to enrich the composition of the obtained fertilizer with nutritive substances after the completion of the technological process in order to improve the quality of the composition of the obtained liquid fertilizer. \u0000As a result of the conducted studies, it was found that during the decomposition of solid waste in the presence of weak acid solutions, about 80-85% of the nutrient elements contained in it can be extracted and used in fertilizer production.\u0000Keywords: fertilizer, solid waste, sulfuric acid, ameliorant, salinity, salinization.","PeriodicalId":246138,"journal":{"name":"ETM - Equipment, Technologies, Materials","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124607641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVING THE INSTALLATION SUITABILITY OF PUMPING UNITS USED IN THE REPAIR AND RESTORATION WORK OF WELLS","authors":"Farid Mammadov Farid Mammadov, Lala Aliyeva Lala Aliyeva","doi":"10.36962/etm13012023-35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/etm13012023-35","url":null,"abstract":"Oilfield pumping units are often subjected to a periodic full cyclein the performance of technological operations, namely: transportation., installation, operation of equipment and dismantling, for transportation and repetition of the entire cycle. For equipment located on mobile vehicles, periodic installation is characteristic. \u0000At the same time, during the installation of oilfield equipment, deviations from technical conditions are characteristic, which lead to accelerated failures, their reliability and resources decrease. \u0000To ensure a high level of installation suitability, it is required to have a specific concept, which is the concept of installation suitability.\u0000The purpose of the work is to develop recommendations for improving the installation suitability of pumping units used in the repair and restoration work of wells.\u0000Based on the results of the work carried out, it was concluded that the suitability for installation and manufacturability of installation are among the important indicators of processing oil and gas field equipment, significantly affecting reliability, labor productivity during maintenance, current and aggregate-node repairs; operating costs and efficiency of equipment use.\u0000Keywords: installation suitability, testing, production, indicator, oilfield equipment.","PeriodicalId":246138,"journal":{"name":"ETM - Equipment, Technologies, Materials","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125195417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SYNERGETIC EFFECT OF STRENGTHENING POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITES","authors":"Oleg Dyshin Oleg Dyshin, Ibrahim Habibov Ibrahim Habibov, Arzu Suleymanova Arzu Suleymanova","doi":"10.36962/etm13012023-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/etm13012023-04","url":null,"abstract":"According to the cluster model of glassy polymers, in the amorphous state they are natural nanocomposites of two components of a loosely packed matrix and nanoclusters immersed in it, respectively playing the role of a matrix and filler in a natural composite. In this interpretation of the polymer, an important role is played by the dimensional effect of nanoclusters, identical to the specified effect of a nanofiller in an artificial nanocomposite, namely, a decrease in the size of both nanoclusters and dispersed particles leads to a sharp increase in the degree of amplification (modulus of elasticity) of the nanocomposite.\u0000In this paper, using parallel and sequential microcomposite models, upper and lower fractal estimates for the elastic modulus of the matrix are obtained and the synergistic effect of strengthening the elastic modulus of the nanocomposite as a whole as a superposition of the amplification effects from inorganic filler and from nanoclusters playing the role of filler of the loosely packed matrix is quantified.\u0000The object of research in this work is a packer - a device designed to disconnect two zones of the borehole and isolate the internal space of the production column from the impact of the borehole environment. The tightness of the packages is achieved thanks to sealing elements (SE), for the manufacture of which a composite with the composition is used: a mixture of synthetic butadiene nitrile and hydrogenated butadiene nitrile rubber (BNC + HBNC), vulcanizer, stabilizer, technological additives and copper nanoparticles.\u0000For the class of polymers under consideration, a rule has been developed for choosing the most preferred model from the above two micromechanical models at a given temperature.\u0000Keywords: oilfield equipment, synergetic effect, cluster model, natural nanocomposite, interfacial region, inter-component adhesion, loosely packed matrix.","PeriodicalId":246138,"journal":{"name":"ETM - Equipment, Technologies, Materials","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123719613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KİPLƏNDİRİCİLƏRİN UZUNÖMÜRLÜLÜYÜNÜN TƏYİNİ","authors":"Zenfira Hüseynli, Nurlan Qurbanov Zenfira Hüseynli, Nurlan Qurbanov","doi":"10.36962/etm12042022-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/etm12042022-38","url":null,"abstract":"Məqalədə kipləndiricilərin istismar prosesində müxtəlif amillərin təsirinə məruz qalaraq, tədricən və ya ani olaraq iş qabiliyyətlərini itirməsinin təhlili barədə məlumat verilir. Çoxsaylı amillər rezin kipləndiricinin işgörmə qabiliyyətin xeyli aşağı salır və kipləndirmə effektini pozur. Elastomer təbiətinə görə kipləndiricinin yüksək elastiki material olduğunu nəzərə alsaq, onda hermetiklik düyünündə yaranan mexaniki gərginlik zaman keçdikcə dəyişəcəkdir. Başqa sözlə, qüvvənin tətbiq olunması ilə kipləndiricidə – rezində müvazinətin dəyişməsi baş verir. \u0000Kipləndiricilərin uzunömürlülüyünü təyin etdikdə istismar amillərindən olan temperatur, vaxt, kipləndirilən mühitin aktivliyini nəzərə almaq lazımdır. \u0000Açar sözlər: kipləndiricilər, konstruksiya, elastiki material, relaksasiya, uzunömürlülük.","PeriodicalId":246138,"journal":{"name":"ETM - Equipment, Technologies, Materials","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128623022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RECOVERY OF OIL FROM BITUMINOUS SANDS BY GASEOUS HYDROCARBONS","authors":"Tarana Sadigova Tarana Sadigova","doi":"10.36962/etm12042022-21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/etm12042022-21","url":null,"abstract":"There was investigated in the article effectiveness of a new method of the innovative technology for extracting of oil with gas containing and under certain circumstances the propane-butane-containing hydrocarbons from bituminous sands.\u0000According to the survey results, after soaking with a given inhibitor to the process of taking bituminous sands by method of career, production of liquid gas gives a more efficient hydrocarbon extraction rate rises.\u0000Keywords: bituminous sands, gaseous hydrocarbons, polymer, propane-butane gas, temperature, inhibitor.","PeriodicalId":246138,"journal":{"name":"ETM - Equipment, Technologies, Materials","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121967498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES IN OIL RECOVERY OIL RECOVERY FROM BITUMINOUS SANDS","authors":"Tarana Sadigova Tarana Sadigova","doi":"10.36962/etm12042022-87","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36962/etm12042022-87","url":null,"abstract":"Bituminous sands are one of the main sources of alternative energy. However, the limited application of this method is associated with environmental and technical problems arising from the extraction of oil from bituminous deposits. In this paper, the authors propose a new environmentally friendly technology based on the application of nanoreagents for oil extraction from bituminous oil.\u0000Keywords: The bituminous rock, environmental problems of oil production, extraction method, a reagent, the reservoir water, the washing liquid.","PeriodicalId":246138,"journal":{"name":"ETM - Equipment, Technologies, Materials","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126126180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}