Sinet, Ethiopian Journal of Science最新文献

{"title":"Population estimate for geladas ( Theropithecus gelada ) living in and around the Simien Mountains National Park, Ethiopia","authors":"J. Beehner, G. Berhanu, T. Bergman, Colleen McCann","doi":"10.4314/SINET.V30I2.18290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/SINET.V30I2.18290","url":null,"abstract":"Geladas (Theropithecus gelada), endemic to Ethiopia, are listed as “rare” by the IUCN and have an Appendix II listing in CITES. The highest density of geladas, and the only place where they are officially protected, is found in the Simien Mountains National Park (SMNP). However, to date, no comprehensive census of geladas in the area has been carried out. Here, we use a direct count to census geladas living in and around the SMNP. We also examine the age and sex structure of the gelada groups surveyed. A total of 4264 geladas were counted in the area. From these results, we estimate that approximately 2460 geladas live within the current boundary of the SMNP. With respect to age-sex categories, we counted approximately 3 adult females to each adult male, and when bachelor groups were excluded, there were 4.2 females per adult male. The ratio of immatures and subadults to adults was 1.2 immatures per 1.0 adult. The actual size of the SMNP gelada population is significantly lower than expected from previous unpublished estimates. However, gelada populations appear to be healthy in the SMNP, despite a high amount of competition with grazing livestock. Key words/phrases: Census, gelada, population estimate, Simien Mountains National Park, Theropithecus","PeriodicalId":245987,"journal":{"name":"Sinet, Ethiopian Journal of Science","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114070931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of preservative treatments on 32 timber tree species against termites and fungal attack at Bako, Southwestern Ethiopia","authors":"G. Desalegn, W. Tadesse, D. Teketay, W. Fekadu, G. Kaba, G. Taye","doi":"10.4314/SINET.V30I2.18270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/SINET.V30I2.18270","url":null,"abstract":"In Ethiopia, wood damage in construction and furniture sectors caused by biodegrading agents is economically important. Experiments were carried out on 32 timber species to study preservative treatablility (laboratory test) and natural durability of construction timbers, and effectiveness of preservatives against subterranean termites and fungal deterioration at Bako. Antaris toxicaria (681.14 and 20.43 kg m-3) and Eucalyptus camaldulensis (37.33 and 1.12 kg m-3) indicate the highest and the lowest chemical absorption and retention properties, respectively. A. toxicaria (25 mm) and Fagaropsis angolensis (1.5 mm) had the highest and lowest chemical penetration, respectively. Significant differences (P < 0.01) were found in the absorption, retention and permeability of Copper Chromium Arsenate (CCA) among the timbers. In the damages caused by termites and fungi, significant differences (P < 0.01) were also found between stakes treated with CCA and the controls among the study species and field exposure times, and in the interactions between preservatives and study species as well as preservatives and field exposure times. The extent of attack varied with species, preservatives, application methods and length of field exposure periods. The majority of stakes (> 62%) treated with CCA by pressure method resisted degradation by termite and fungi for more than 11 years, those treated with used motor oil for more than five years and the untreated stakes for one to four years. Therefore, timbers from matured trees should be selected and rationally utilized for furniture and construction purposes with appropriate protection measures taking into account place/environment of use, the costs of preservation, the service life of each timber species and the service life intended. Key words/phrases: Copper chromium arsenate, effectiveness of preservatives, natural durability, timbers, treatability","PeriodicalId":245987,"journal":{"name":"Sinet, Ethiopian Journal of Science","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126653698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feeding ecology of pest rodents from Arbaminch forest and farmlands, Ethiopia","authors":"Demeke Datiko, A. Bekele, G. Belay","doi":"10.4314/SINET.V30I2.18287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/SINET.V30I2.18287","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":245987,"journal":{"name":"Sinet, Ethiopian Journal of Science","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123770683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diel vertical migration of Daphnia barbata in a shallow tropical lake, Ethiopia","authors":"B. Lemma","doi":"10.4314/SINET.V30I2.18272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/SINET.V30I2.18272","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":245987,"journal":{"name":"Sinet, Ethiopian Journal of Science","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124756768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary observation of a newly discovered balloon hybrid zone in North Shoa, Ethiopia","authors":"S. Beyene","doi":"10.4314/SINET.V30I2.18289","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/SINET.V30I2.18289","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":245987,"journal":{"name":"Sinet, Ethiopian Journal of Science","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121192043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Extractives of Millettia ferruginea, Tephrosia vogellii and tephrosia pentaphylla against the bean bruchid, Zabrotes subfaciatus Ethiopain head cabbage field","authors":"B. Jembere, J. Namukobe, B. Kiremire, E. Dagne","doi":"10.4314/SINET.V30I1.18282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/SINET.V30I1.18282","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":245987,"journal":{"name":"Sinet, Ethiopian Journal of Science","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121177863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative description of primary animal health care practices and benefits in selected pastoral areas of Afar Region-Ethiopia and Kapoeta Province of southern Sudan","authors":"M. Hailemariam, N. Mogga, M. Baumann, M. Kyule","doi":"10.4314/SINET.V30I1.18280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/SINET.V30I1.18280","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":245987,"journal":{"name":"Sinet, Ethiopian Journal of Science","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123981554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation in the resistance spectra of Ethiopian wheat cultivars to stem rust ( Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici ) and its epidemiological implications","authors":"Naod Beteselassie, C. Fininsa, A. Badebo","doi":"10.4314/SINET.V30I1.18281","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/SINET.V30I1.18281","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":245987,"journal":{"name":"Sinet, Ethiopian Journal of Science","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116627402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation of green bean caffeine, chlorogenic acid, sucrose and trigolline contents among Ethiopian Arabica coffee accessories","authors":"Yigzaw Dessalegn, M. T. Labuscagne, G. Osthoff, L. Herselman","doi":"10.4314/SINET.V30I1.18286","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/SINET.V30I1.18286","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":245987,"journal":{"name":"Sinet, Ethiopian Journal of Science","volume":"132 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116055245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biological control potential of the spotted stem borer Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) with the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae","authors":"T. Tefera, K. Pringle","doi":"10.4314/SINET.V30I1.18284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/SINET.V30I1.18284","url":null,"abstract":"____________________________________________________________ Biological control studies were conducted with isolates of entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarrhizium anisopliae from Ethiopia and South Africa against the spotted stem borer Chilo partellus. The study was conducted from April 2002 to April 2003, at the department of Entomology and Nematology, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa. The objectives were to screen these isolates for pathogenicity and to determine the susceptibility of different larval instars; to study the effect of temperature on fungal development and virulence; to investigate food consumption of fungus treated larvae; to determine compatibility of fungal isolates with insecticides; to study the effect of exposure methods and diets on larval mortality; and to evaluate promising isolates under greenhouse conditions using artificially infested maize plants. Four isolates of B. bassiana and six isolates of M. anisopliae were tested against second instar larvae. Of these isolates, B. bassiana (BB-01) and M. anisopliae (PPRC-4, PPRC-19, PPRC-61 and EE-01) were found to be highly pathogenic inducing 90 to 100 % mortality seven days after treatment. In subsequent assays, the fungal isolates were tested against third, fourth, fifth and sixth instar larvae. Second and sixth instar larvae were more susceptible to these isolates than third, fourth and fifth instar larvae. Conidial germination, radial growth and sporulation of the isolates PPRC-4, PPRC-19, PPRC-61, EE-01 and BB-01 were retarded at 15 and 35 C. A suitable temperature range for the isolates was from 20 30 C. At 25 and 30 C the isolates induced 100 % mortality to second instar larvae within four to six days. Second and third instar C. partellus larvae were treated with the isolates PPRC-4 and BB-01, and daily consumption of maize leaf was measured. Treatment with the fungi was associated with a reduction in mean daily food consumption. In in-vitro studies, five concentrations (0.1 ppm, 1 ppm, 5 ppm, 10 ppm, and 100 ppm active ingredients) of the insecticides benfuracarb and endosulfan were tested with the isolates PPRC-4, PPRC-19, PPRC-16, EE-01 and BB-01. Increasing the concentration of the insecticides adversely affected germination, radial growth and sporulation of the isolates. In in-vivo studies combining the fungi, PPRC-4 and BB-01,","PeriodicalId":245987,"journal":{"name":"Sinet, Ethiopian Journal of Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127422761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}