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Capitalism: A Journal of History and Economics最新文献

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Information, Surveillance, and Capitalism 信息、监视和资本主义
Capitalism: A Journal of History and Economics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/cap.2023.a899274
K. Lipartito
{"title":"Information, Surveillance, and Capitalism","authors":"K. Lipartito","doi":"10.1353/cap.2023.a899274","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cap.2023.a899274","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Information economics has become a major branch of the discipline, but economists have not always agreed on how information operates in the economy. This paper starts with the debates over information stretching back to the 1930s, follows the rise of a neoclassical information economics tradition, and brings to bear recent critiques of information from a surveillance perspective. In particular it engages with the claims of Shoshana Zuboff on the rise of surveillance capitalism, unpacking and critiquing her use of this concept. It takes a special look at her intellectual debt to Émile Durkheim. Zuboff sees surveillance capitalism as a recent aberration in capitalism's otherwise successful development, whereas this essay argues that it is both much more deeply embedded in capitalism historically and that her essentially functionalist, humanistic perspective does not fully account for the workings of subjectivity and power in surveillance.","PeriodicalId":243846,"journal":{"name":"Capitalism: A Journal of History and Economics","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114548340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Mixed Signals: Political Economies of the Sign 混合信号:标志的政治经济学
Capitalism: A Journal of History and Economics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/cap.2023.a899269
C. Biltoft
{"title":"Mixed Signals: Political Economies of the Sign","authors":"C. Biltoft","doi":"10.1353/cap.2023.a899269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cap.2023.a899269","url":null,"abstract":"THE CAMERA—at its origin— was supposed to reflect real ity as fixed and frozen in its granular accuracy. Though, as with so many technological artifacts of its kind, the lens ended up changing the eye, as it offered both new ways of looking at and new ways of perceiving the world.1 Another set of optics found its way into economics during the period in which the camera filtered into popu lar use: the distinction between the nominal and the real. That concept pair came to imply both the link and the gaps between perception and value. To stay with the photographic theme, nominal values work like a camera pure and simple; they provide snapshots of markets at definite moments in time. Real values by contrast work more like spirit photo graphy; they capture the same moment but with the semitransparent specter of, among other things, inflation hanging over the scene.2 Those manmade spirits— which might nonetheless persuade an observer— provide an analogy of what would come to be called the Fisher equation (real variation = nominal variationexpected inflation). Here too intangible variables— including beliefs—do in fact haunt and so alter the economic scene. They have incredible powers of expanding and shrinking wealth without ever moving a decimal on a balance sheet. To simply track the evolution of concepts such as real/nominal from inside economic history is to see in two rather than three or four dimensions. If we broaden our perspective, it is a little uncanny that this concept pair grew alongside a host of others, each of which offered nascent understandings of that which we label as real ity. We might think, for instance, of the semiotic revolution in linguistics, which drew distinctions between sign,","PeriodicalId":243846,"journal":{"name":"Capitalism: A Journal of History and Economics","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127744715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Unequal Mind: How Charles Murray and Neoliberal Think Tanks Revived IQ 不平等的思维:查尔斯·默里和新自由主义智库如何复兴智商
Capitalism: A Journal of History and Economics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/cap.2023.a899272
Q. Slobodian
{"title":"The Unequal Mind: How Charles Murray and Neoliberal Think Tanks Revived IQ","authors":"Q. Slobodian","doi":"10.1353/cap.2023.a899272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cap.2023.a899272","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:An instant bestseller, The Bell Curve (1994) by Richard J. Herrnstein and Charles Murray deployed psychological race science against enduring demands in the United States for social justice and equality of economic outcomes. Using new archival evidence, this article situates the book in a long-standing transatlantic exchange about race science that runs through the world of conservative philanthropy and free-market think tanks, with a special role played by the psychologist Richard Lynn. It also illuminates a broader shift in the history of free-market conservatism in the 1990s away from behaviorism, rational choice theory, and cost-benefit analysis and toward the idioms of differential psychology and intelligence. What I call the \"new fusionism\" defends libertarian policies through arguments borrowed from cognitive, behavioral, and evolutionary psychology and, in some cases, genetics and genomics, sociobiology, and biological anthropology. Assertions about the unequal mind became a renewed basis for attacks on political-economic equality.","PeriodicalId":243846,"journal":{"name":"Capitalism: A Journal of History and Economics","volume":"116 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116282364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Capitalism and Communications: The Rise of Commercial Courier Networks in the Context of the Champagne Fairs 资本主义与通讯:香槟博览会背景下商业快递网络的兴起
Capitalism: A Journal of History and Economics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/cap.2023.a899273
Juraj Kittler
{"title":"Capitalism and Communications: The Rise of Commercial Courier Networks in the Context of the Champagne Fairs","authors":"Juraj Kittler","doi":"10.1353/cap.2023.a899273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cap.2023.a899273","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This essay examines the nexus between the roots of modern capitalism and the rise of the first networks of pedestrian couriers known as scarsella, arguing that they both emerged simultaneously during the thirteenth century in the context of the Champagne fairs. This claim is based upon the premise that the essential feature of the commercial revolution of the Middle Ages—the rise of the sedentary merchant—would have been literally unthinkable without the establishment of reliable communication channels and the mastering of paper manufacturing in northern Italy. Paper represented a light and affordable medium that revolutionized business by enabling merchants to carry out not only long-distance communication but also extensive record-keeping. However, this study proposes that the earliest public postal operations in Europe were driven not by merchants' desire to conduct epistolary exchange but by the need of the commercial banks to execute long-distance money transfers through bills of exchange.","PeriodicalId":243846,"journal":{"name":"Capitalism: A Journal of History and Economics","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127509523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Paintgrinder: Ralph Waldo Emerson and Karl Marx on a Horizon of Thought 《磨漆工:思想视界上的拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生和卡尔·马克思
Capitalism: A Journal of History and Economics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/cap.2023.a899270
Benjamin Pickford, Dominic Jaeckle
{"title":"The Paintgrinder: Ralph Waldo Emerson and Karl Marx on a Horizon of Thought","authors":"Benjamin Pickford, Dominic Jaeckle","doi":"10.1353/cap.2023.a899270","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cap.2023.a899270","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:This article undertakes a radical rereading of capitalist ideas in the work of Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882). In both popular and academic appraisals, Emerson is an exponent of mainstream American values, moral and economic. We challenge such appraisals through a novel analysis of Emerson's brief contact with the work of Karl Marx and proceed to illustrate the subtlety of Emerson's engagement with the structure of capitalist labor. Using explanatory metaphors based on painterly labor, Emerson demonstrates how labor structures that are assumed to be products of capitalism were also discernable in cultural settings in the mid-nineteenth century, and that neglected lines of affinity exist between cultural and capitalist production. The result is a speculative new purview for the analysis of the social forms of the capitalist era, which indicates the shortcomings of what Michel Foucault termed a Marxian \"horizon of thought\" that governs the critical outlook of the humanities.","PeriodicalId":243846,"journal":{"name":"Capitalism: A Journal of History and Economics","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122495655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Les Capitalistes: The First Capitalists and the Debt Created by Haitian Slavery 《资本家:第一批资本家和海地奴隶制造成的债务》
Capitalism: A Journal of History and Economics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/cap.2023.a899271
J. Dejean
{"title":"Les Capitalistes: The First Capitalists and the Debt Created by Haitian Slavery","authors":"J. Dejean","doi":"10.1353/cap.2023.a899271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cap.2023.a899271","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:\"Les Capitalistes\" re-creates the gradual emergence in print of the word capitaliste during the second half of the eighteenth century. It retraces the word's transformation from a term used to refer vaguely to any wealthy individual to one with a meaning still familiar today, that of a high-stakes investor. As a result of this evolution, by the 1790s, men who made major investments in the hope of significant profits were first known as capitalistes. The original capitalistes participated in the financing of France's slave trade with its most lucrative colony, Saint-Domingue (Haiti), and subsequently in the financing of the debt created when the Haitian Revolution destroyed both Saint-Domingue's economy and the Haitian slave trade.","PeriodicalId":243846,"journal":{"name":"Capitalism: A Journal of History and Economics","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122578212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Orwell's Efforts in (Self-)Persuasion 奥威尔在(自我)说服中的努力
Capitalism: A Journal of History and Economics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1353/cap.2023.a899275
J. Considine
{"title":"Orwell's Efforts in (Self-)Persuasion","authors":"J. Considine","doi":"10.1353/cap.2023.a899275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cap.2023.a899275","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:When George Orwell was appointed literary editor of London's Tribune magazine in late 1943 he was a financially unsuccessful author. Encouraged by his new position, he engaged in a campaign of journalistic persuasion. The campaign started by seeking to persuade the public to purchase more books. His initial enthusiasm was replaced by a despairing realization that the public's purchases were less than he suspected and that his campaign was unlikely to change the situation. His journalism then changed in a subtle way. On the surface he asked the public to admit their preference for movies, dog racing, and socialized alcohol consumption. But at a deeper level, Orwell's weekly columns were an effort in self-persuasion. Ironically, as his editorial campaign failed to persuade people to buy more books, his efforts to find a larger market for his own books started to succeed. Maybe this persuaded him to be more accepting of the public's preferences.","PeriodicalId":243846,"journal":{"name":"Capitalism: A Journal of History and Economics","volume":"298 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134392467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Kindleberger the Linguist 语言学家金德尔伯格
Capitalism: A Journal of History and Economics Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/cap.2022.0016
Marc Flandreau
{"title":"Kindleberger the Linguist","authors":"Marc Flandreau","doi":"10.1353/cap.2022.0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cap.2022.0016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:The article comments on the previously unpublished text by C. P. Kindleberger featured in the present issue, which was given to the author in 1998. In re-placing the background controversy in context, I propose a novel perspective on Kindleberger’s scholarship as a linguistic of capitalism. While elucidating an important aspect of Kindleberger’s contributions, notably to international political economy, the suggested approach also serves to front-load Capitalism’s interest in promoting the conversation between literary criticism and political economy.","PeriodicalId":243846,"journal":{"name":"Capitalism: A Journal of History and Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128569638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Africa and Capitalism: Repairing a History of Omission 《非洲与资本主义:修复遗漏的历史
Capitalism: A Journal of History and Economics Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/cap.2022.0012
T. Green
{"title":"Africa and Capitalism: Repairing a History of Omission","authors":"T. Green","doi":"10.1353/cap.2022.0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cap.2022.0012","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:In the past two decades, economic history has been marked by an increasing turn toward global frameworks and analyses, but these still tend to omit the African continent prior to the nineteenth century. This article explores this omission beginning with an examination of the historiographical roots of this absence from the perspective of both economic history and African history. From its inception, economics depended on the displacing of African economic actors from global frameworks. Meanwhile, the emergence of African history as a discipline in the 1960s also saw the displacement of indigenous economic actors from precolonial frameworks. Linking African economic activity to new perspectives on capitalism—focusing on the connection of enslaved and wage labor in precolonial manufacturing—this article seeks to repair this striking omission. It argues that the history of capitalism cannot be fully global until African frameworks are properly included.","PeriodicalId":243846,"journal":{"name":"Capitalism: A Journal of History and Economics","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116691151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Austerity without Neoliberals: Reappraising the Sinuous History of a Powerful State Technology 没有新自由主义者的紧缩:重新评价一个强大国家技术的曲折历史
Capitalism: A Journal of History and Economics Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1353/cap.2022.0014
Cristian Capotescu, O. Sanchez-Sibony, M. Teixeira
{"title":"Austerity without Neoliberals: Reappraising the Sinuous History of a Powerful State Technology","authors":"Cristian Capotescu, O. Sanchez-Sibony, M. Teixeira","doi":"10.1353/cap.2022.0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cap.2022.0014","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract:Since the 1980s, austerity has become synonymous with neoliberal “free” markets and the retreat of the state. With case studies from early Stalinist Russia, interwar corporatist Portugal, and late socialist Romania, we offer an alternative historical geography of austerity in the twentieth century. Significantly, we argue that austerity was not a corollary of neoliberalism but fulfilled the crucial functions of state-building, state transformation, and state maintenance in systems falling outside the liberal framework. The regimes under study resorted to austerity to drive deep structural change, expand state capacity, and pursue utopian promises of future-oriented progress and national independence. Focusing on places on the margins of the global capitalist economy, we uncover often-overlooked tool kits—both theoretical and technical—that state officials used to implement austerity. Collectively, we show how austerity is, at its core, a technology of the state and a mode of governance, widely adopted across political ideologies and economic systems in the past century.","PeriodicalId":243846,"journal":{"name":"Capitalism: A Journal of History and Economics","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116223998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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