Canadian Law eJournal最新文献

{"title":"Canada’s Resource Curse: Too Much of a Good Thing","authors":"Daniel Drache","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1645409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1645409","url":null,"abstract":"Canada ha sido tanto bendecida comomaldecida por la vasta riqueza de sus recursos. Tal riqueza envia el mensaje erroneo a la clase politica de que pensar y planear para el manana es innecesario cuando los precios globales, que se han elevado a niveles record, llevan al desarrollo economico a un ritmo frenetico. El hecho de que el sector corporativo considere los asuntos a corto plazo, junto con la perdida de la competitividad manufacturera (la enfermedad holandesa) y el comportamiento de buscar una rentabilidad a largo plazo se han convertido en el estandar de la politica practica. Este articulo plantea que Canada no es solo una rama del capitalismo hipercomercial angloamericano, sino que es el sujeto de las dinamicas recurrentes del Canada social y, por esta razon, el norteno modelo de mercado capitalista necesita su propia articulacion teorica. Su caracteristica particular es que los bienes mixtos y no negociables tienen un importante papel creciente en comparacion con Estados Unidos, incluso cuando el rol proactivo del Estado canadiense ha plegado sus alas hasta el grado de asombrar a varios expertos. Este articulo tambien examina la disparidad de las economias estadunidense y canadiense, ambas arrastradas en parte por el boom de los recursos globales. El aspecto negativo de la nueva estrategia de exportacion (the new staples export strategy) es que han desaparecido cientos de trabajos desde Ontario hasta Quebec. En el primer caso, la que alguna vez fue la provinciamas rica de la confederacion ahora es el primo pobre elegible para la igualacion de pagos (equalization payments). Adiferencia de las olas anteriores de industrializacion, en la actual es poca la perspectiva de recuperar una mejor situacion de pagos. Sin una estrategia gubernamental enfocada a ello, el futuro de la economia industrial de Canada resulta sombrio. La seccion final del articulo aborda la polarizacion de las dinamicas de crecimiento del ingreso y sus lecciones para el futuro. Con una desaceleracion economica global, o incluso con algo peor en el horizonte, como la combinacion economica unica de Canada de bienes mixtos con una politica de mercado ortodoxa, el modelo no es sustentable en su forma actual. Para paises que tienen una dotacion similar de recursos, el modelo del norte no es exportable.","PeriodicalId":243835,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Law eJournal","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116851791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulation of Canadian Capital Markets in the 1990s: The United States in the Driver's Seat","authors":"Cally Jordan","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1481444","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1481444","url":null,"abstract":"This Article looks at the regulatory techniques that were adopted in a small but developed market, Canada, in response to the increasing integration of the North American economy and internationalization of capital markets. One of the most comprehensive experiments was the Multijurisdictional Disclosure System (MJDS) implemented in Canada and the United States in 1991. Based on principles of reciprocal recognition, the MJDS in fact created greater pressures for harmonization of the two regulatory regimes and, on the Canadian side, prompted regulatory innovations which attempted to keep Canadian markets in the global game.","PeriodicalId":243835,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Law eJournal","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117040170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canadian Distillery Permitted to Register ‘Glen Breton’ to Describe Single Malt Whisky Originating from Nova Scotia","authors":"Dr. Emir Crowne","doi":"10.1093/JIPLP/JPP120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/JIPLP/JPP120","url":null,"abstract":"Case comment on the decision in Scotch Whisky Assn. v Glenora Distillers International Ltd., Federal Court of Appeal (Canada), 2009 FCA 16, 22 January 2009.","PeriodicalId":243835,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Law eJournal","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126820811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Gap in Canadian Police Powers: Canada Needs 'Public Order Policing' Legislation","authors":"R. Diab, W. Pue","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1388602","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1388602","url":null,"abstract":"The authors identify a gap in Canadian policing law. Police have neither common law nor statutory authority to undertake the sorts of public order policing measures that are thought to be essential to securing large public events, such as Vancouver's 2010 Olympics. The paper argues for the adoption of a Public Order Policing Act designed to confer the necessary powers and ensure their operation in a manner that respects constitutional law and fundamental civil liberties.Revised and published as W. Wesley Pue & Robert Diab “The Gap in Canadian Police Powers: Canada Needs 'Public Order Policing' Legislation” (2010) 28 Windsor Rev. Legal Soc. Issues 87-107 Posted at http://toby.library.ubc.ca/facultypubs/article.cfm?id=2254","PeriodicalId":243835,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Law eJournal","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133809105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Penalty Clauses Through the Lens of Unconscionability Doctrine: Birch v. Union of Taxation Employees, Local 70030","authors":"Kevin E. Davis","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1384282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1384282","url":null,"abstract":"The author reviews the recent case of Birch v. Union of Taxation Employees, Local 70030, in which the Ontario Court of Appeal evaluated—in terms of the doctrine of unconscionability—the enforceability of a clause fining union members who cross picket lines during legal strikes. He applauds the decision as an important step toward jettisoning the traditional common law penalty doctrine, according to which stipulated remedy clauses designed to have an in terrorem effect upon a contracting party are per se unenforceable. The author criticizes the decision, however, for its failure to examine features of the case that would have been ignored under the penalty doctrine but that should have been prominent under the unconscionability doctrine. These features include: other provisions of the contract, the relative difficulty of arriving at “a genuine pre-estimate of the loss” as opposed to a “reasonable penalty”, and the process by which the contract was formed. The author concludes that, in failing to examine these features, the court missed an opportunity to clarify the changing law on the enforceability of stipulated remedy clauses.","PeriodicalId":243835,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Law eJournal","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115586938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New and Improved Functional Currency Proposals","authors":"Geoffrey S. Turner","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1314005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1314005","url":null,"abstract":"The author summarizes amendments to the functional currency rules in section 261 of the Income Tax Act (Canada) as proposed by the Canadian Department of Finance on November 10, 2008.","PeriodicalId":243835,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Law eJournal","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128556427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulating Greenhouse Gases in Canada: Constitutional and Policy Dimensions","authors":"Shi-Ling Hsu, R. Elliot","doi":"10.7202/038892AR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7202/038892AR","url":null,"abstract":"Canada’s greenhouse gas emissions have risen dramatically since the 1997 negotiation of the Kyoto Protocol, and that rise has continued through Canada’s 2002 ratification of the Protocol. Along with economic dislocation, constitutional barriers to regulation have sometimes been cited as the reason for caution in regulating greenhouse gases. This article critically evaluates the constitutional arguments and examines the policy considerations surrounding various regulatory instruments that might be used to reduce greenhouse gases. We conclude that the Canadian constitution does not present any significant barriers to federal or provincial regulation and that policy considerations strongly favour the use of two instruments: a federal carbon tax to impose a marginal cost on emissions and the Canadian Environmental Assessment Act to review federal projects that may increase greenhouse gases.","PeriodicalId":243835,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Law eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131017071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selection of Candidates for Business Reorganization and Informational Efficiency of Canadian Bankruptcy and Insolvency Law Procedure","authors":"B. Papillon","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1138402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1138402","url":null,"abstract":"There are two laws in Canada allowing for the reorganization of corporate businesses: Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (BLA) for SME and Company Creditors' Arrangement Act (CCAA) for larger firms. The number of corporations which have initiated a BIA reorganization procedure since the early 90's is twenty five to thirty times larger than the number for CCAA. The paper proposes an evaluation of the filtering properties of the BIA reorganization procedure since the 1992 amendments, based on the success rate at various steps of the procedure and on the effect of corporate financial data on this success rate. Among economic agents who determine how frequent and for which purposes BIA reorganization procedures are used, trustees play an important role, as they give access to the procedure. Results suggest the informational efficiency of the procedure could be improved and questions are raised in the conclusion regarding compatibility of trustees' incentives with an informational efficient procedure.","PeriodicalId":243835,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Law eJournal","volume":" 11","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120934418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Income-Contingent Financing Program for Ontario","authors":"B. Alarie, D. Duff","doi":"10.3138/9781442680333-030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3138/9781442680333-030","url":null,"abstract":"Although the positive externalities associated with higher education favour substantial government support, sound arguments also favour student contributions to the costs of post-secondary education, based on both the private benefits obtained and the regressive impact of general subsidies for higher education. At the same time, the central role that higher education performs as a vehicle for social mobility and the general reluctance of private lenders to finance individual investments in higher education suggest that governments also have an important role to play in the area of student assistance - ensuring that higher education is accessible to all students on the basis of merit, irrespective of financial ability. The need for a well-designed student assistance program is more important than ever. Among many proposals for a restructured student aid system, one of the most promising is to replace existing 'mortgage-style' student loads with a financing arrangement involving repayment obligations that depend on the student's income after graduation. To the extent that this 'income-contingent' approach reduces the risk to borrowers with respect to their investments in higher education, it will likely lessen the reluctance that students exhibit with respect to such borrowing. Moreover, where funding covers both the direct costs of higher education as well as living expenses, income-contingent financing programs may enhance accessibility by making higher education effectively free at the point of purchase - offsetting the 'sticker shock' associated with increased tuition fees as well as living costs which generally exceed the direct costs of higher education. Finally, collection through the income tax should reduce the incidence of nonpayment and dramatically lessen the costs of administering student financial aid. This paper proposes an income-contingent financing program (ICFP) for Ontario to replace the current system of mortgage-style loans, automatic debt remission, and interest and debt relief available under the Ontario Student Assistance Program. Part 1 reviews the current system of government-provided student aid in Ontario, providing an essential foundation for our subsequent proposal for an ICFP. Part 2 examines the experience with ICFPs in Australia, New Zealand, Sweden, and the UK, in order to derive lessons relevant to the design of an ICFP for Ontario. Part 3 considers the essential features of an ICFP, canvassing the competing arguments and making specific recommendations informed by our review of the current system in Ontario and the international experience with ICFPs.","PeriodicalId":243835,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Law eJournal","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131814150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Should They All Just Get Along? Judicial Ideology, Collegiality, and Appointments to the Supreme Court of Canada","authors":"B. Alarie, A. Green","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1091479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1091479","url":null,"abstract":"Over the past 25 years, the justices of the Supreme Court of Canada have not exhibited the divergent policy views along party lines that have been characteristic of the justices of the United States Supreme Court. This apparent lack of partisan polarization in Canada may at first give rise to smugness about the appointments process in Canada; after all, our process appears to have successfully sidestepped the politicization associated with the US nomination and confirmation system. However, before any claim that the Canadian appointments process is in fact superior can be made or defended, it is necessary to understand what these findings imply about the judicial decision-making process and quality of adjudication by our Court relative to the US Supreme Court. In this paper we argue that whether the relative nonpartisan nature of the Supreme Court in Canada is advantageous depends on a number of assumptions surrounding the nature of the appointments process, the characteristics of justices who are appointed in each system, and the decision-making processes used by the justices on each Court. This paper discusses the relationship between two potential determinants of a justice's votes: her personal policy preferences and the extent and nature of cooperation between justices on the Court at a given time. To set the context Part II briefly outlines the main findings of some recent empirical research on the judicial voting behaviour on the Supreme Court of Canada and compares it to similar empirical studies of the US Supreme Court. Part III then sets out a framework for analyzing the difference in voting patterns based on the extent to which a judge votes in accordance with her policy preferences and the extent to which the justices of a multi-member court can be characterized as cooperative. Part IV uses this framework to assess the different patterns of voting on the Canadian and US Supreme Courts and discusses the important normative tradeoff between deliberation (\"positive\" cooperation) and logrolling (\"negative\" cooperation). Finally, Part V briefly discusses the connection of this normative tradeoff to the appointments process, and identifies some additional considerations to guide future theoretical and empirical research.","PeriodicalId":243835,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Law eJournal","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125589376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}