{"title":"Comparison of Sleep Quality and Polysomnographic Findings in Patients with RLS according to the Presence of Periodic Limb Movements during Sleep","authors":"M. Eun, H. Seok, Jung Bin Kim, Ki-Young Jung","doi":"10.13078/JKSRS.11002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13078/JKSRS.11002","url":null,"abstract":"Address for correspondence Ki-Young Jung, MD Department of Neurology, Korea University College of Medicine, 126-1 Anam-dong 5-ga, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-705, Korea Tel: +82-2-920-6649 Fax: +82-2-925-2472 E-mail: jungky@korea.ac.kr Objectives: Although it has been reported that periodic limb movements during sleep (PLMS) is present up to 80% in patients with restless legs syndrome (RLS), it is unclear that PLMS could influence on sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in patient with RLS. To investigate influence of PLMS on sleep quality and EDS, we analyzed sleep quality and EDS in patient with RLS. Methods: Fifty five RLS patients were included in this study. RLS was diagnosed according to International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group criteria. Patients were classified into two groups according to the presence of PLMS. Group I (n=32) consisted of RLS patients without PLMS. Group II (n=23) consisted of RLS patients with PLMS. The severity of RLS symptom was assessed using International RLS Study Group Rating Scale (IRLS). Subjective sleep quality was assessed by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Serum ferritin level and polysomnographic parameters were also compared between both groups. Results: Mean age was significantly higher in RLS patients with PLMS (p<0.05). IRLS, PSQI, ESS and AIS were not significantly different between groups. Among sleep parameters on polysomnography only PLM related variables were significantly higher in RLS patients with PLMS. Conclusions: Our study suggests that presence of PLMS in patient with RLS has no significant negative effect on sleep quality and excessive daytime sleepiness. J Korean Sleep Res Soc 2011;8:4-8","PeriodicalId":243131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Sleep Research Society","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134492940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Case of Transient Hypersomnia with Increased Slow Wave Sleep after Unilateral Paramedian Thalamic Infarction","authors":"Sangkil Lee, Jae-Il Kim, Geun-ho Lee, J. Kim","doi":"10.13078/JKSRS.11006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13078/JKSRS.11006","url":null,"abstract":"Received June 7, 2011 Revised June 10, 2011 Accepted June 20, 2011 Address for correspondence Jee Hyun Kim, MD, PhD Department of Neurology, Dankook University College of Medicine, 359 Manghyang-ro, Dongnam-gu, Cheonan 330-715, Korea Tel: +82-41-550-3292 Fax: +82-41-550-6245 E-mail: fever26@paran.com Paramedian thalamic stroke is known to be associated with hypersomnia, usually with bilateral lesions. We report a case of one patient who developed transient hypersomnia after unilateral paramedian thalamic infarction. A 79-year-old female patient with right paramedian thalamic infarction presented with left hemiparesis and hypersomnia. A night polysomnogram, 10 days after symptom onset, showed increased slow wave sleep and the presence of slow wave sleep throughout the entire night. Hypersomnia improved 7 weeks after the onset of symptom. J Korean Sleep Res Soc 2011;8:20-23","PeriodicalId":243131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Sleep Research Society","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133794168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kyunghun Kang, Sun-Young Kim, Sung-Pa Park, Ho-Won Lee
{"title":"Idiopathic Central Sleep Apnea Presenting as Cheyne-Stokes Breathing","authors":"Kyunghun Kang, Sun-Young Kim, Sung-Pa Park, Ho-Won Lee","doi":"10.13078/JKSRS.10011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13078/JKSRS.10011","url":null,"abstract":"Address for correspondence Ho-Won Lee, MD Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, 50 Samdeok-dong 2-ga, Jung-gu, Daegu 700-721, Korea Tel: +82-53-420-5769 Fax: +82-53-422-4265 E-mail: neuromd@knu.ac.kr A 70-year-old man had complained of excessive daytime sleepiness and fatigue for 3 years. He underwent an overnight polysomnography followed by a multiple sleep latency test which showed central sleep apnea with Cheyne-Stokes breathing (CSB) pattern. Further evaluation including magnetic resonance imaging of the brain could not find any cause of this sleep-disordered breathing. We describe the rare case of idiopathic central sleep apnea presenting as CSB pattern. J Korean Sleep Res Soc 2010;7:61-63","PeriodicalId":243131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Sleep Research Society","volume":"348 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115894083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cheon-Sik Kim, Sang-Ahm Lee, Min Ju Kim, Eun Mi Lee, Yong Seok Lee, Yoo-Sam Chung, W. Kim
{"title":"Influences of the Revised American Academy of Sleep Medicine Criteria for Scoring Apnea and Hypopnea on the Apnea-Hypopnea Index","authors":"Cheon-Sik Kim, Sang-Ahm Lee, Min Ju Kim, Eun Mi Lee, Yong Seok Lee, Yoo-Sam Chung, W. Kim","doi":"10.13078/JKSRS.10007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13078/JKSRS.10007","url":null,"abstract":"Address for correspondence Sang-Ahm Lee, MD, PhD Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 86 Asanbeongwon-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea Tel: +82-2-3010-3445 Fax: +82-2-4744691 E-mail: salee@amc.seoul.kr Objectives: The definition of accurate recording and measuring of sleep related obstructive breathing events are clinically critical as a base for quantifying disease severity in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome. The aim of the study was to compare apnea and hypopnea indices using different scoring recommendations. Methods: We retrospectively selected total 60 patients who were diagnosed with OSA syndrome. All sleep-related parameters including apnea index, hypopnea index, and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) were measured by two different criteria; 1999 Chicago criteria and 2007 American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) criteria for scoring respiratory events. Results: Apnea index and AHI by Chicago criteria were significantly higher than those by AASM criteria (mean 21.0/hr vs. 15.1/hr, p<0.001; mean 36.8/hr vs. 29.4/ hr, p<0.001, respectively). But hypopnea index was not different between two criteria. Bland-Altman plots demonstrated a median (5th, 95th percentiles) reduction of 6.1/h (0.16, 20.57) when comparing AHI by AASM criteria to AHI by Chicago criteria. Conclusions: Our results suggested that AASM criteria intended to diagnose more confirmative OSA patients than Chicago criteria. Updated criteria may be stricter but possibly rule out mild OSA patients. J Korean Sleep Res Soc 2010;7:37-42","PeriodicalId":243131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Sleep Research Society","volume":"61 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114162126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effects of Sleep Restriction-Emphasized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia on Sleep with Chronic Insomniacs: A Preliminary Study","authors":"S. Choi, Keum-soon Kim","doi":"10.13078/JKSRS.10009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13078/JKSRS.10009","url":null,"abstract":"Address for correspondence Su Jung Choi, RN, MSN Brain-Nerve Center, Samsung Medical Center, 50 Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-710, Korea Tel: +82-2-3410-2851 Fax: +82-2-3410-2759 E-mail: sujungchoi@hanmail.net Objectives: Cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is recommended as the 1st choice of treatment for chronic insomnia patients. Among CBT-I program, sleep restriction (SR) has known as the most effective and relatively well-tolerated treatment tool, but in practice, it is not easy to apply to all insomnia patients due to a lack of properly trained therapist. This study is designed to investigate the clinical utility of SR-emphasized CBT-I (SRCBT-I) conducted by a trained nurse. Methods: Thirteen chronic insomniacs were enrolled for SRCBT-I (four biweekly-individual session) and eight (6 women; mean age 51.1 yr) of them completed the whole sessions. Control insomniacs (n=9; 7 women; age 56.8 yr) were treated with standard CBT-I. Eleven of them underwent night polysomnography before CBT-I. Main outcomes of treatment evaluation were sleep onset latency (SOL), wake time after sleep onset (WASO), total sleep time (TST), time in bed, and sleep efficiency (SE), which were determined based on patients’ sleep diary before and after CBT-I. Results: All patients with standard or SRCBT-I reported the improvement in SOL (60.2 → 10.6 min), WASO (155.0 → 20.7 min), TST (242.2 → 32.6 min), SE (51.0 → 92.0%) and sleep medication (1.0 → 0.25 tablet). Compared to control insomniacs with standard CBT-I, patients with SRCBT-I showed a lesser WASO (Z=-2.792, p=0.005) and a higher SE (Z=-2.694, p=0.006) after CBT-I. Conclusions: Our preliminary study demonstrated that SRCBT-I is more effective than standard CBT-I especially for sleep maintenance in chronic insomnia patients. J Korean Sleep Res Soc 2010;7:49-56","PeriodicalId":243131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Sleep Research Society","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126301840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Efficacy and Safety of Long-Term Use of Hypnotics","authors":"K. Yang, Y. Hwangbo","doi":"10.13078/JKSRS.10005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13078/JKSRS.10005","url":null,"abstract":"Received November 30, 2010 Revised December 13, 2010 Accepted December 13, 2010 Address for correspondence Kwang Ik Yang, MD Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan Hospital, 23-20 Bongmyeong-dong, Cheonan 330-721, Korea Tel: +82-41-570-2290 Fax: +82-41-579-9021 E-mail: kiyang@sch.ac.kr Insomnia may present with a variety of complaint and etiology, making the evaluation and management of chronic insomnia demanding on a clinician’s time. Long-term use of hypnotics and sedatives has been discouraged for a number of reasons, including tolerance, abuse liability, and the belief that insomnia is a symptom that remit with treatment of the underlying medical or psychiatric disorder. Moreover, pharmacotherapy produces only moderate improvement during drug administration and returns toward baseline after discontinuation. Although efficacy and safety have been established for benzodiazepine receptor agonists when used for short-duration therapy, there are few data that establish their continued efficacy and safety in long-term use. Benzodiazepine hypnotics have been implicated as a cause of numerous adverse events, including dependency, withdrawal, rebound symptom, daytime sedation, fall, and hip fracture, especially in older people. In order to use hypnotic properly, correct diagnosis of the underlying causes of sleep disturbance is acquired at first and extreme caution of hypnotics use to primary sleep disorders is needed, especially in sleep related breathing disorders. Physicians and patients should be cautioned about the potential adverse effects and using of hypnotics. After initial treatment, clinical efficacy and side effect should be observed regularly. Easy accessibility of cognitive behavior therapy for patient can be also a coping with long-term use of hypnotics. J Korean Sleep Res Soc 2010;7:25-31","PeriodicalId":243131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Sleep Research Society","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134355633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome in Women","authors":"Hyeri Park, Hyunwoo Nam","doi":"10.13078/jksrs.10006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13078/jksrs.10006","url":null,"abstract":"Received November 6, 2010 Revised December 14, 2010 Accepted December 14, 2010 Address for correspondence Hyunwoo Nam, MD Department of Neurology, Boramae Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 41 Boramae-gil, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 156-707, Korea Tel: +82-2-840-2508 Fax: +82-2-831-2826 E-mail: hwnam@brm.co.kr Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by recurrent episodes of upper airway collapse and obstruction during sleep. These episodes of obstruction are associated with recurrent hypoxemia and decline in efficiency of ventilation. Gender-related differences in sleep and its regulation influence the risk and mechanisms of sleep disorders. In addition, physiologic changes in women’s lives such as pregnancy and menopause are related to OSAS. OSAS is associated with various medical complications and decreased quality of life, so its accurate diagnosis and active management is needed. J Korean Sleep Res Soc 2010;7:32-36","PeriodicalId":243131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Sleep Research Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134630483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. H. Yun, Min Ju Kim, Min Hwan Lee, Cheon-Sik Kim, Yoo-Sam Chung, W. Kim, Sang-Ahm Lee
{"title":"The Validation of Actigraphy for Detection of Periodic Leg Movement in Obstructive Sleep Apnea","authors":"Y. H. Yun, Min Ju Kim, Min Hwan Lee, Cheon-Sik Kim, Yoo-Sam Chung, W. Kim, Sang-Ahm Lee","doi":"10.13078/JKSRS.10008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13078/JKSRS.10008","url":null,"abstract":"Address for correspondence Sang-Ahm Lee, MD Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 86 Asanbeongwon-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul 138-736, Korea Tel: +82-2-3010-3445 Fax: +82-2-474-4691 E-mail: salee@amc.seoul.kr Objectives: Several validation studies of actigraphy for periodic limb movements (PLMs) detection reported a high sensitivity and specificity in restless leg syndrome and periodic limb movement disorder. But PLMs also arise in association with a variety of other sleep disorders such as the sleep apnea syndrome. We compared PLM counts obtained with polysomnography (PSG) to those obtained from actigraphy with PAM-RL and assess the validity in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. Methods: Sixty patients with obstructive sleep apnea underwent actigraphy from both legs and simultaneous PSG during awakeness and sleep. Each of left and right PLM indices by unilateral actigraphy were calculated automatically and compared to PLM index by PSG of ipsilateral leg. Additionally, a comparison among the severity of apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in obstructive sleep disorder was performed. Results: PLM index obtained with actigraphy were not different from PLM index by PSG [7.93(±11.65)/h vs. 6.50(±12.45)/h; p=0.257]. The sensitivity and specificity of actigraphy identifying patients with PLM index ≥15/h against respective PLM index determined by PSG were calculated (sensitivity/specificity: 0.53/0.88). The actigraphy didn’t overestimate PLM in overall OSA, but overestimate only in severe OSA. Conclusions: This discrepancy between PSG and actigraphy in patient with OSA may be due to overestimate of actigraphy in severe OSA and to underestimate of PLM as PLM index increases. Actigraphy can’t replace PSG in the diagnostic assessment of PLM using cut-off values in patients with obstructive sleep apnea on account of this problem. J Korean Sleep Res Soc 2010;7:43-48","PeriodicalId":243131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Sleep Research Society","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121277010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Long term complication of oral appliance for obstructive sleep apnea","authors":"Kang Jin Kyu","doi":"10.13078/JKSRS09017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13078/JKSRS09017","url":null,"abstract":"Long term complication of oral appliance for obstructive sleep apnea Kang Jin Kyu Department of Oral medicine & Orofacial Pain, Wonkwang University Daejeon Dental Hospital Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder which affects personal as well as social life, and increases the incidence of cardiovascular disease. Various treatments are available, including modification of life style, surgical treatment, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy and oral appliance therapy. Dentist’s role in treating OSA through oral appliance is to select appropriate type of the appliance with the consideration of the efficacy and possible side effects of the appliance. Oral appliance is known to be effective in mild to moderate OSA, and is relatively more tolerable for the patients compared to other treatment modalities of OSA. However, long term use of the appliance can give rise to various side effects, such as, occlusal change, increase salivation during sleep, xerostomia, temporomandibular disorder, etc. Therefore, oral appliance should be managed by well-experienced dentist who can predict and control the possible side effects.","PeriodicalId":243131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Sleep Research Society","volume":"219 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124340236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sleep and Epilepsy","authors":"K. Heo","doi":"10.13078/JKSRS09014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.13078/JKSRS09014","url":null,"abstract":"Sleep and Epilepsy Kyoung Heo Department of neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea Sleep and epilepsy are interrelated. Sleep influences the expression of epileptic seizures and the frequency of interictal epileptiform discharges, typically during nonrapid eye movement sleep. Conversely, epilepsy and its treatment alter sleep regulation, provoke sleep disruption, and affect daytime alertness, and may contribute to, or improve sleep disorders. Effective treatment of a coexisting sleep disorder may improve seizure control, daytime alertness, and health-related quality of life. Understanding the relationship between sleep and epilepsy may lead to improved knowledge for optimizing management of the epilepsy patient.","PeriodicalId":243131,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Korean Sleep Research Society","volume":"35 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113962073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}