2007 IEEE/AIAA 26th Digital Avionics Systems Conference最新文献

{"title":"Improved availability using re-configuration algorithm in a flight critical system","authors":"C. Ananda","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2007.4391856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2007.4391856","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents a new method for reconfiguration of tasks or a process in an embedded avionics application with extensive checks and validation carried out in real-time for decisionmaking rules. The proposed algorithm works based on four control parameters: re-configurability Information factor, Schedulability Test/TL/UF, Context Adaptability/suitability and Context Flight Safety. The algorithm is data centric and interfaces system health as control input and initiation of the re-configuration is only after successful evaluation of the parameter metrics. It enhances the availability and reliability of the system under failed conditions by efficient selection and procedural re-configuration with safe state exit. The advantage of the new approach over the non-configurable systems is the increased availability of flight critical applications under failed conditions. It also preserves the advantages of non-Reconfigurable systems over federated architecture. Invalid failure of control parameter brings the system to safe state. The scheme, algorithm and the control parameters metrics along with their validation approach are described. The algorithm provides very good availability of the system even under failures. The paper also presents the few results based on scaled target systems with near real functional capabilities. The details of new algorithm simulation studies are presented, which were simulated using Matlab/Simulink. Brief discussions of a case study for a typical flight critical system of Light Transport Aircraft (LTA) is also covered. Discussions also cover the increased reliability and availability aspects using the new algorithm. Control metrics data generation, its logic, dependency for optimization of control parameter characterization is addressed.","PeriodicalId":242641,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE/AIAA 26th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125784522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Software code base conversions","authors":"K. Luecke, B.J. Ellis, I. Baxter, R. Akers, M. Mehlich","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2007.4391960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2007.4391960","url":null,"abstract":"Current and future military avionic systems require real-time embedded software based on the latest technological advances in software tools, capabilities, and languages. However, the development time and lifecycle of avionic systems is so long, that the tools, processes, methodologies, and languages used by the system developers are often obsolete by the time the systems need significant upgrades or replacement. Hence, software obsolescence is a major issue faced by many avionic systems. Previously, avionics programs have tackled software obsolescence using different approaches. These approaches have included code conversions by hand, which are costly and time consuming, scripting tools/languages which have scalability problems, emulators which involve re-engineering of the peripheral code base and retention of the obsolete code engineering environment, and software wrappers which are not costly but hinder future modifications to the legacy software that is accessed by the software wrappers. Each of these approaches has its own liabilities. For our research and development effort we chose to upgrade our legacy code base with a specially developed code refactoring transformer, the Boeing migration tool (BMT). Specially developed code transformers based on new technologies and more powerful computers are scalable, capable of converting almost the entire code base, allow for future development on the updated code base with the latest tools, processes, methodologies, and languages, and are less costly than updating code by hand. This paper details the inputs, the code transformer itself, the outputs, and how well the code transformer performed its task for updating a software code base. This work was performed for the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) program composition for embedded systems (PCES) program. The resulting code base generated by the code transformer could be updated with the most recent tools, processes, and languages. DARPA's objective was to find faster and easier software code base conversion processes that lead to new software code bases that were closer to the final product than previous mechanizations.","PeriodicalId":242641,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE/AIAA 26th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115786938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trajectory computation Infrastructure based on BADA Aircraft Performance Model","authors":"E. Gallo, J. Lopez-Leones, M. Vilaplana, F.A. Navarro, A. Nuić","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2007.4391830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2007.4391830","url":null,"abstract":"A more predictable Air Traffic Management (ATM) system based on automation requires a precise Trajectory Computation Infrastructure (TCI). The accuracy of the computed trajectories does not only depend on the TCI trajectory integration capabilities, but also on the input received from the associated Aircraft Performance Model (APM), the operational instructions defining each trajectory, and the atmospheric data. EUROCONTROL Experimental Centre (EEC) conducts a number of activities in the domain of APMs, which are performed within the scope of Base of Aircraft Data (BADA). EEC has been supported by Boeing Research & Technology Europe (BR&TE) in the definition, development, implementation, and evaluation of an advanced APM suitable for the stringent requirements of future trajectory prediction tools. This new APM will become version 4.0 of BADA, released and maintained by EEC. BR&TE has also supported EEC in the design and development of an advanced bidimensional (vertical plane) TCI intended to exploit all the BADA 4.0 APM capabilities. This TCI accepts either a BADA 4.0 or a BADA 3.x APM, together with all kinds of winds, as well as temperature and pressure deviations over the International Standard Atmosphere (ISA). The TCI requires five simultaneous operational instructions to compute any trajectory segment. These instructions model the commands issued by the flight deck, and comprise the \"aircraft intent\" (AI). Three of them set the position of the landing gear, high lift devices, and speed brakes, while the other two determine the aircraft motion in the vertical plane. Accepted instructions include different speed, energy, altitude, vertical speed, path angle, and throttle laws, and even optimum speed laws intended to maximize certain flight characteristics, such as range or cost. This paper presents the TCI capabilities and interfaces. It describes the different elements involved in the trajectory computation process, placing special emphasis in the instructions comprising the AI and how they can be combined, as well as the equations describing the aircraft motion and their integration. It also includes an example of the trajectory computation process.","PeriodicalId":242641,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE/AIAA 26th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134277238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Open standards for airport databases — ARINC 816","authors":"C. Pschierer, J. Schiefele","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2007.4391853","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2007.4391853","url":null,"abstract":"Since the introduction of the electronic flight bag (EFB) in the Boeing 777 in 2003, airport moving maps (AMM) are making their way into modern flight decks in order to provide improved situation awareness to the pilot during ground operations. The Airbus A380 and the Boeing 787 will be equipped with AMM displays as standard, while retrofits are available for older airliners. The new ARINC specification 816 is based on RTCA DO-272A and DO-291 and defines an \"Embedded Interchange Format for Airport Mapping Database\". The goals are to simplify data handling but also to provide additional features to further increase the benefit of AMM displays. ARINC 816 addresses the requirements of embedded avionics systems by moving complex processing steps like coordinate projections or triangulations to the data provider. According data are pre-computed and loaded into the system. Thus, less powerful avionics hardware is needed and its certification is less complex. Both contribute to a more cost effective design. A particular difficult task is the labeling of the airport map. ARINC 816 splits this process into two components: the identification and aggregation of objects to be labeled is done offline and the results are stored as containers and anchor points in the dataset. The avionics system can focus on the placement and deconfliction of the previously identified labels. Some issues have been identified in the implementation of this concept. Some have already been addressed in Supplement 1 to the specification; others are discussed in this paper. All data are encoded in binary-XML. While this format is convenient to handle, it has the disadvantage of significantly larger file sizes than comparable binary formats. Using an open and standardized format allows end users to choose between different database suppliers independently from the selected avionics system, and it enables database suppliers to convert airport data directly into the end-system specification and deliver the data directly to the airline. Data delivery can be accomplished by products such as data distribution and management (DDM) for subsequent loading onto the airplane by CD-ROM, portable data loaders, wireless gatelink or other \"last mile\" solution. The AMDB data is provided in accordance with a data packaging standards such as ARINC-665. This paper discusses joint industry activities which led to this new standard, new airport data and their benefits for airport moving maps, and the benefits for end users.","PeriodicalId":242641,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE/AIAA 26th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131218373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"System analysis of flight and passenger trip delays in the National Airspace System (NAS)","authors":"Danyi Wang, L. Sherry, N. Xu, G. Donohue","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2007.4391891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2007.4391891","url":null,"abstract":"The primary objective of the National Airspace System (NAS) is the transportation of passengers and cargo. It is no surprise, therefore, that passenger trip time performance is positively correlated with passenger satisfaction, airfare elasticity, and airline profits. Regulatory consumer information available to airline passengers provides measures of trip performance using only flight data (and not passenger trip data). Previously, researchers, using a small set of proprietary airline data, demonstrated that trip delays experienced by passengers due to missed connections, cancelled flights, and delayed flights are not negligible. Further they showed that flight delay data cannot be used as a proxy for passenger trip delays. This paper describes a comparative statistical analysis between flight delay data and passenger trip delay data for one year's worth of flights on the 1030 single segment routes between the OEP-35 airports. The passenger trip data is derived from publicly available data-bases and accounts for delays experienced by passengers on single segment routes due to cancelled flights as well as delayed flights. The statistical analysis indicates that: (i) the percentage of on-time flights is statistically equivalent to the percentage of on-time passengers, (ii) the average passenger trip delay was 34 minutes in excess of the average flight delay, and (iii) average passenger trip delay for the worst 5% of delayed passengers was 150 minutes in excess of the flight delay. The implications of these results for consumers and consumer protection are discussed.","PeriodicalId":242641,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE/AIAA 26th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133280608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preliminary results for a robust trajectory prediction method using advanced flight data","authors":"Marie-Dominique Dupuy, M. Porretta","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2007.4391831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2007.4391831","url":null,"abstract":"The need to assist controllers with automation tools to enable them to continue to provide safe and efficient services in increasingly congested skies, has long been recognised. A variety of automated decision support tools (DSTs), both ground-based and airborne, are continuously being designed and improved. The central component of many DSTs is the ability to correctly forecast aircraft trajectories, i.e. \"trajectory prediction\" (TP). In the future Communications Navigation Surveillance/Air Traffic Management (CNS/ATM), DSTs will be required to provide conflict-free trajectories and their associated error margins. This paper presents the initial results from a 4-dimensional TP model under development at the Centre for Transport Studies at Imperial College London. This TP development is a vital part of an extensive project currently underway at Imperial College London to develop a robust Conflict Detection and Conflict Resolution (CD&CR) tool for use in autonomous airspace. Preliminary results of a validation scheme based on a detailed operational dataset collected during real flight trials in European airspace are presented. Furthermore, methods to improve TP modelling accuracy are proposed.","PeriodicalId":242641,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE/AIAA 26th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"123 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129139274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of fuzzy based spin axis orientation control for microsatellite","authors":"S. Prabhu","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2007.4391946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2007.4391946","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":242641,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE/AIAA 26th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133256571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Future airline schedules for air traffic management concept analysis","authors":"M. Berge, John C. Haws, Craig A. Hopperstad, A. Haraldsdottir","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2007.4391878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2007.4391878","url":null,"abstract":"An approach has been developed for creating future airline schedules suitable for air traffic management (ATM) concept analysis. This approach relies on 1) projections from the Boeing Commercial Airplane Current Market Outlook (CMO), 2) analysis of benchmark schedules represented by current/existing schedules as published in the Official Airline Guide (OAG), and 3) algorithms for realizing the future schedules in an \"optimal\" way. Additionally, methods have been developed for adjusting these schedules to account for differing assumptions concerning block times and pad. This paper describes these methodologies along with example results. The generated schedules have been used extensively to support ATM concept trade studies and benefits analyses.","PeriodicalId":242641,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE/AIAA 26th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"2 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132654219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A collisi on avoidance concept for VDL mode 2","authors":"S. Bretmersky, R. Apaza","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2007.4391907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2007.4391907","url":null,"abstract":"The FAA is currently investigating the migration path to data-enabled digital air traffic services using VDL mode 2. Under certain loading conditions, simulations have shown that VDL mode 2 cannot meet future delay requirements with more than a few dozen aircraft per channel. Since the VDL radios must share limited spectrum with the current analog voice radios, this poses a problem during the transition period. Analysis has show that collisions of the transmitted data frames lead to retransmissions and increased delays. This paper investigates a method to reduce theses collisions through modification of the MAC protocol in the hope of increasing the capacity of a VDL mode 2 channel. Several possible future traffic profiles are used to compare the performance of the modified VDL mode 2 protocol against the standard. A discussion on the modifications necessary to implement these changes, along with interoperability issues with standard VDL mode 2 radios, is presented.","PeriodicalId":242641,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE/AIAA 26th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116901811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Derating concerns for microprocessors used in safety critical applications","authors":"H. Forsberg, T. Manefjord","doi":"10.1109/DASC.2007.4391855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/DASC.2007.4391855","url":null,"abstract":"The use of commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) microprocessors for safety-critical applications usually implies derating of the device to make it work in harsh environment. This paper discusses derating concerns for state-of-the-art microprocessors. Issues addressed in the paper include noise margins due to low voltage levels, multiple power supplies, frequency and current derating concerns, error sources, timing degradation, power-aware architectures, and new advanced microprocessor derating features.","PeriodicalId":242641,"journal":{"name":"2007 IEEE/AIAA 26th Digital Avionics Systems Conference","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130465272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}