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Diagnostic Techniques and Therapeutic Strategies for Parotid Gland Disorders最新文献

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Parotid Gland Lymphoma 腮腺淋巴瘤
Diagnostic Techniques and Therapeutic Strategies for Parotid Gland Disorders Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-5603-0.ch014
{"title":"Parotid Gland Lymphoma","authors":"","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-5603-0.ch014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5603-0.ch014","url":null,"abstract":"Lymphoma accounts for 15% of malignant salivary gland tumors. The parotid gland is the most commonly affected salivary gland (80%). It is generally seen in older men and women. It is associated with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and in approximately 6% of patients with Sjogrin's syndrome. There are two types: Hodgkin lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Parotid lymphoma may be primary or secondary (far more common). Primary lymphoma first involves the parotid gland and later other parts of the body including lymph nodes and bone marrow. Secondary lymphoma involves other parts of the body first, such as peripheral blood, lymph nodes, bone marrow, and other organs. Treatment depends upon stage, overall health, age, and subtype of lymphoma. It includes chemotherapy, total or radical parotidectomy, and radiotherapy. If there is no response, or the chance of recurrence is high, then bone marrow transplantation or stem cell transplantation can be considered.","PeriodicalId":242362,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Techniques and Therapeutic Strategies for Parotid Gland Disorders","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126500423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Recurrent Pleomorphic Adenoma 复发性多形性腺瘤
Diagnostic Techniques and Therapeutic Strategies for Parotid Gland Disorders Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-47072-4_16
P. Bradley
{"title":"Recurrent Pleomorphic Adenoma","authors":"P. Bradley","doi":"10.1007/978-3-540-47072-4_16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-47072-4_16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":242362,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Techniques and Therapeutic Strategies for Parotid Gland Disorders","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128100998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Frey's Syndrome 弗雷氏综合征
Diagnostic Techniques and Therapeutic Strategies for Parotid Gland Disorders Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-5603-0.ch017
{"title":"Frey's Syndrome","authors":"","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-5603-0.ch017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5603-0.ch017","url":null,"abstract":"Frey's syndrome is secondary to sympathetic denervation of sweat glands – reinnervation through the auriculotemporal nerve is a secondary event. The aberrant regeneration theory explains the physiopathology of Frey's syndrome. Frey's syndrome incidence after parotidectomy, without prevention techniques, is 40-80% by clinical questioning and 80–100% by objective testing. It occurs months to years after surgery. A topographic and quantitative testing for Frey's is required prior to its treatment – the iodine-sublimated paper histogram (ISPH) test has the majority of desired features. Intradermic botulinum toxin injection is a well-tolerated and efficient treatment. The recommended dilution is 50 IU/1 ml, inter-injection distance is 1 cm, and injection volume is 0.1 ml. Complications to avoid include (1) facial muscle paralysis (rare and reversible complication; inject only intradermally and avoid injecting toward the midline) and (2) pain during injection (if bothersome could be decreased by the prior application of topical anesthetic cream).","PeriodicalId":242362,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Techniques and Therapeutic Strategies for Parotid Gland Disorders","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129942206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Embryology and Developmental Disorders 胚胎学与发育障碍
Diagnostic Techniques and Therapeutic Strategies for Parotid Gland Disorders Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-5603-0.ch001
{"title":"Embryology and Developmental Disorders","authors":"","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-5603-0.ch001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5603-0.ch001","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes the embryological development and congenital anomalies of salivary glands. Development of the major salivary glands consists of three main stages. The first stage is marked by the presence of a primordial anlage and the formation of branched duct buds. The second stage is marked by the early appearance of lobules and duct canalization and the third stage by maturation of acini and ducts. The primordial parotid gland is the first to appear, during the sixth gestational week. In addition to heterotopic glands, congenital anomalies include aplasia, gland duplication and congenitally atretic, imperforate, ectatic, and duplicated ducts.","PeriodicalId":242362,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Techniques and Therapeutic Strategies for Parotid Gland Disorders","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129438914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of the Parotid Gland 腮腺的评估
Diagnostic Techniques and Therapeutic Strategies for Parotid Gland Disorders Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-5603-0.ch005
{"title":"Evaluation of the Parotid Gland","authors":"","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-5603-0.ch005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5603-0.ch005","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes the clinical, laboratory, imaging, endoscopic, and histological methods for evaluation of the parotid gland. Diagnostic approaches of parotid gland disorders include clinical evaluation in the form of history-taking (complaints, demographic data, medical profile, medications, and history of the parotid mass itself) and physical examination (intra-oral, extra-oral, and bidigital examination). Laboratory tests entail saliva collection for detection of changes in salivary flow and/or composition. Parotid gland imaging include plain x-ray, sialography, ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT) scan and CT-sialography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and MR-sialography. Other studies include endoscopy (sialoendoscopy) and parotid biopsy (core-biopsy, frozen-section) and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC).","PeriodicalId":242362,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Techniques and Therapeutic Strategies for Parotid Gland Disorders","volume":"190 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128217512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Extra-Temporal Facial Nerve Reconstruction 颞外面神经重建
Diagnostic Techniques and Therapeutic Strategies for Parotid Gland Disorders Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-5603-0.ch018
{"title":"Extra-Temporal Facial Nerve Reconstruction","authors":"","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-5603-0.ch018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5603-0.ch018","url":null,"abstract":"Hypoglossal-facial anastomosis (HFA) as an end-to-end anastomosis (EEA) has several advantages, and indirect HFA with interposition graft is a safe and excellent method. The extended HFA is the method of choice for all malignant tumors that require extensive resection of the facial plexus, especially when combined with a neck dissection. Facio-facial anastomosis combined with HFA leads to excellent results when resection defect is restricted to the central portion of the facial plexus. Good functional rehabilitation of the musculature of the oral sphincter system is achieved using the hypoglossal nerve. To innervate the musculature of the ocular sphincter system, a facio-facial anastomosis between the nerve trunk and the cranial nerve branches is made using a free nerve transplant. Dynamic reanimation involves nerve repair, nerve transfer, regional muscle transfer, or free-muscle transfer. Dynamic reconstructive techniques can yield improved facial symmetry, spontaneous and symmetrical smile, eye closure and protection, and oral competence.","PeriodicalId":242362,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Techniques and Therapeutic Strategies for Parotid Gland Disorders","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125231952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Parotid Injuries and Fistulae 腮腺损伤及瘘管
Diagnostic Techniques and Therapeutic Strategies for Parotid Gland Disorders Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-5603-0.ch007
{"title":"Parotid Injuries and Fistulae","authors":"","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-5603-0.ch007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5603-0.ch007","url":null,"abstract":"Successful treatment of parotid injuries depends on early recognition and appropriate early intervention. Sequelae of inadequate diagnosis and treatment include parotid fistula and sialocele formation, which are inconvenient for the patient and more difficult to treat than the initial injury. A parotid fistula is a communication between the parotid gland (glandular fistula) or duct (ductal fistula) and the skin externally (external fistula) or to the oral cavity internally (internal fistula). A sialocele is a collection of saliva beneath the skin that occurs if the duct leaks but no fistula forms, or when the glandular substance, but not the duct, is disrupted. Management options include pressure dressings and use of anti-sialagogues, total parotidectomy, tympanic neurectomy, intra-oral transposition of the parotid duct, radiation therapy, the use of botulinum toxin A, and the use of fibrin glue.","PeriodicalId":242362,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Techniques and Therapeutic Strategies for Parotid Gland Disorders","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127027608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cystic Parotid Lesions and Classification of Parotid Tumors 腮腺囊性病变与腮腺肿瘤的分类
Diagnostic Techniques and Therapeutic Strategies for Parotid Gland Disorders Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-5603-0.ch010
{"title":"Cystic Parotid Lesions and Classification of Parotid Tumors","authors":"","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-5603-0.ch010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5603-0.ch010","url":null,"abstract":"The causes of cystic parotid lesions may be congenital or acquired and may cause bilateral or unilateral cysts. Bilateral cystic lesions include Warthin's tumor, benign lymphepithelial lesions of human immunodeficiency virus, Sjorgrin's syndrome, and sialocele. Unilateral cystic lesions include Warthin's tumor, sialocele, first-branchial cleft cyst, parotid lymphoepithelial cyst, parotid lymphangioma, necrotic and infected lymph node. This chapter describes in more detail the etiology, clinical presentation, evaluation, and treatment of “sialocele” and “dermoid cyst of the parotid gland.” It also summarizes parotid gland tumors based on the World Health Organization histological classification, which categorizes parotid tumors into benign epithelial tumors (most commonly pleomorphic adenoma), soft tissue tumors (hemangioma), hematolymphoid tumors (lymphoma), and secondary tumors (represent less than 2% of all head and neck neoplasms).","PeriodicalId":242362,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Techniques and Therapeutic Strategies for Parotid Gland Disorders","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123429750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Histology of the Parotid Gland 腮腺的组织学
Diagnostic Techniques and Therapeutic Strategies for Parotid Gland Disorders Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-5603-0.ch002
{"title":"Histology of the Parotid Gland","authors":"","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-5603-0.ch002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5603-0.ch002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter describes the characteristic histological features of the parotid gland. The microanatomy of the parotid gland includes the following: stroma (connective tissue) and parenchyma (secretory units or acini, myoepithelial cells, and ductal units). The secretory cells are organized into secretory units or acini, which are lined exclusively by serous cells. Myoepithelial cells are the contractile elements with secretory end pieces and intercalated ducts. The acini are drained by a series of ducts which eventually drain into the major excretory duct (Stensen's duct). Aging of salivary glands show some structural changes, but with no overall change in the amount of saliva secreted with advancing age.","PeriodicalId":242362,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Techniques and Therapeutic Strategies for Parotid Gland Disorders","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130574642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cancer Metastatic to the Parotid Gland 转移到腮腺
Diagnostic Techniques and Therapeutic Strategies for Parotid Gland Disorders Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-7998-5603-0.ch015
{"title":"Cancer Metastatic to the Parotid Gland","authors":"","doi":"10.4018/978-1-7998-5603-0.ch015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5603-0.ch015","url":null,"abstract":"Carcinoma metastatic to the parotid gland is a region-specific disorder. History usually reveals a previous cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or melanoma. Physical examination may show scars of previous operations, current head and neck lesions, associated lymphadenopathy, and altered sensation. Investigations include fiberoptic naso-endoscopy, fine needle aspiration cytology, computed tomography scan, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography. Treatment options include surgery (ablative/reconstructive), radiotherapy (indicated for SCC and melanoma), chemotherapy (indicated for SCC), chemo-immunotherapy (may have a role for melanoma). Complications to avoid include (1) wound-related complications (skin flap necrosis and skin flap “button-hole” formation), (2) tumor-related complications (inappropriate surgery due to inadequate preoperative investigation or omitting neck dissection in patients with concomitant neck disease, tumor rupture, and local tumor recurrence), (3) gland-related complications (salivary fistula and sialocele), and (4) nerve-related complications (facial nerve injury, Frey's syndrome or gustatory sweating, and great auricular nerve neuroma).","PeriodicalId":242362,"journal":{"name":"Diagnostic Techniques and Therapeutic Strategies for Parotid Gland Disorders","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129915812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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