Journal of Anomalous Experience and Cognition最新文献_第3页

Rex G. Stanford (1938-2022) 雷克斯·g·斯坦福(1938-2022)

Journal of Anomalous Experience and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.31156/jaex.24463

Miguel Roig

引用次数: 0

The Importance of the Exceptional in Tackling Riddles of Consciousness and Unusual Episodes of Lucidity 在解决意识谜题和不寻常的清醒事件中，异常的重要性

Journal of Anomalous Experience and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.31156/jaex.24028

Michael Nahm

{"title":"The Importance of the Exceptional in Tackling Riddles of Consciousness and Unusual Episodes of Lucidity","authors":"Michael Nahm","doi":"10.31156/jaex.24028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31156/jaex.24028","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of how biochemical processes in the brain give rise to conscious experience is still unanswered. This paper aims at stimulating the debate surrounding this enigma by advocating the study of unusual and anomalous aspects of consciousness. For this purpose, the contents of this paper are organized in three parts. In the first part, I provide a brief overview on unsolved riddles of the mind. These include unusual episodes of lucidity that have been termed terminal lucidity and paradoxical lucidity. Because the use of these terms has sometimes been inappropriate in recent literature, I clarify the basic meanings of these two concepts in the second part. The third part contains suggestions for future research. Specifically, I argue that the field of studies into episodes of lucidity in dementias and the field of studies into end-of-life experiences, such as near-death visions, should engage in an active dialogue in order to build bridges between these disciplines. Such a dialogue will enable a better understanding of the whole spectrum, and thus, possible circumstances, causes and underpinnings of lucid episodes. In sum, this paper argues that the study of lucid episodes such as terminal lucidity, paradoxical lucidity, and related occurrences holds enormous significance for improving our understanding of brain functions and accompanying states of consciousness – from a practice-orientated perspective in the contexts of the dementias and dealing with end-of-life experiences, and from a theoretical perspective in the context of the scientific debate about the nature of consciousness. ","PeriodicalId":242256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anomalous Experience and Cognition","volume":"01 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129097587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Psychophysical Effects on an Interference Pattern in a Double-Slit Optical System 双缝光学系统干涉图样的心理物理效应

Journal of Anomalous Experience and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.31156/jaex.24054

D. Radin, A. Delorme

{"title":"Psychophysical Effects on an Interference Pattern in a Double-Slit Optical System","authors":"D. Radin, A. Delorme","doi":"10.31156/jaex.24054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31156/jaex.24054","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: A two-year online experiment tested the hypothesis that focused human attention alternatively directed toward or away from a double-slit optical system would affect the interference pattern in a predictable, unidirectional fashion. A control condition was employed by having a web server periodically simulate a human observer. Method: Based on the results of an independent reanalysis of these data and the outcome of an independent conceptual replication, we revisited the original directional hypothesis to explore the possibility that mind-wandering and other distractions might have caused attention or intention to unpredictably fluctuate. That in turn might have caused the hypothesized psychophysical influence to be more readily detected as a bidirectional effect (i.e., a shift in variance) rather than as unidirectional effect (a shift in mean). To test this idea, we developed a variance-based analysis using data collected during the first year of the experiment and applied it to data from the second year. Results: The first year’s data showed that experimental sessions conducted by humans resulted in significant variance differences as compared to control sessions conducted by a computer, z = 4.16, p = .00002. The same analysis applied to the second year’s data resulted in z = 3.14, p = .0008. Examination of environmental and apparatus variables indicated that those factors were not responsible for the observed changes in variance. Conclusion: The results suggest that a variance analysis may be more sensitive to psychophysical effects in this type of experiment.","PeriodicalId":242256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anomalous Experience and Cognition","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126069351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Are You “In the Zone” Or “Disconnected”? 你是“专心”还是“不专心”?

Journal of Anomalous Experience and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.31156/jaex.23915

Michal Zadik, Noa Bregman-Hai, Nirit Soffer-Dudek

{"title":"Are You “In the Zone” Or “Disconnected”?","authors":"Michal Zadik, Noa Bregman-Hai, Nirit Soffer-Dudek","doi":"10.31156/jaex.23915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31156/jaex.23915","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The terms dissociative absorption and flow describe tendencies to experience immersive consciousness states, yet dissociation is sometimes considered maladaptive whereas flow is typically considered to be adaptive. We explored their trait and state associations with psychopathology, game task performance, and mood, and examined the hypothesized moderation effect of self-efficacy. Method: In the present study, 303 undergraduates completed trait questionnaires and 63 high/low absorbers reported their state before and after an immersive task (“Tetris”). Task performance was also assessed. Results: We found that flow was distinguishable from dissociation but was inconsistent; two of its components (“transformation of time” (ToT) and “merging of action and awareness” (MoAA)) were positively associated with dissociation and psychopathology, and, unlike other flow components, were unrelated to enhanced task performance. Although the trait associations of ToT and MoAA with psychopathology were not dependent on self-efficacy levels, trait dissociation was more strongly related to psychopathology under low self-efficacy. In the state phase, state immersion (both ToT and dissociative absorption) was associated with mood improvement, especially under low self-efficacy. Conclusion: Our results prompt us to question the validity of flow as a cohesive construct, as measured by the Dispositional Flow Scale-2. Immersive experiences, including ToT and dissociative absorption, led to short-term mood improvement in the state phase but, considering their trait associations with psychopathology, engaging in them excessively may be maladaptive in the long term. ","PeriodicalId":242256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anomalous Experience and Cognition","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129132830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Recent Publications of Note 2(2) 最近刊物注2(2)

Journal of Anomalous Experience and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.31156/jaex.24598

E. Cardeña

引用次数: 0

Apparent Past-Life Memories in a Recurring Dream of the 1934 Los Angeles New Year’s Flood 在1934年洛杉矶新年洪水的反复梦境中明显的前世记忆

Journal of Anomalous Experience and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.31156/jaex.23577

James G. Matlock

{"title":"Apparent Past-Life Memories in a Recurring Dream of the 1934 Los Angeles New Year’s Flood","authors":"James G. Matlock","doi":"10.31156/jaex.23577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31156/jaex.23577","url":null,"abstract":"As with memories of the present life, memories of apparent previous lives may appear in dreams, sometimes in nightmarish dreams. This paper presents the case study of a dream of a traumatic event (a death) that transpired 36 years before the birth of the dreamer. The dream recurred several times a month from age 4 until the dreamer was in his 20s. The dream invariably caused waking in distress and in a cold sweat and was recalled after waking. These are characteristics of posttraumatic nightmares, although the trauma here would seem to derive from a former life, not the dreamer’s present life. The dreamer continues to recall the event in his 50s and is still severely affected by it. Recurring nightmares are common in past-life memory reports, but this case is unusual in that the dream was detailed enough to permit verification of its main elements as well as the identification of the dream protagonist. The event in question was obscure enough, yet the dreamer’s recollection precise enough, that it is unlikely that the dreamer or his family could have learned about it before his dreams began. I consider the possibility that the dreamer acquired the information through anomalous cognition but reject it partly for lack of evidence that emotions of this order can be acquired via psi. Although no single case can provide convincing evidence for reincarnation, this case adds to the growing body of research that makes the possibility worthy of serious consideration. ","PeriodicalId":242256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anomalous Experience and Cognition","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125462380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Some Conceptual and Empirical Shortcomings of IIT IIT在概念和实证上的一些缺陷

Journal of Anomalous Experience and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-10-18 DOI: 10.31156/jaex.24123

E. Kelly

{"title":"Some Conceptual and Empirical Shortcomings of IIT","authors":"E. Kelly","doi":"10.31156/jaex.24123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31156/jaex.24123","url":null,"abstract":"The Integrated Information Theory of consciousness (IIT) has generated much excitement inside and outside the scientific community, and seems to many the leading contender for a satisfactory theory grounded in systems neuroscience. It is a bold theory, one that provides plausible explanations for various recognized neuroscientific facts, makes surprising predictions that go beyond current scientific orthodoxy but are potentially testable, and has inspired development of what appears to be an effective technique for detecting the presence of consciousness in organisms incapable of verbal report, such as non-human animals, neonates, and severely brain-damaged adults. Despite these virtues, IIT appears fundamentally flawed: This paper first revisits some key conceptual and technical issues that have been raised previously but remain unresolved—in particular, issues concerning IIT’s concept of “information” and its approach to the “hard problem”—and then focuses on several empirical phenomena that IIT seems unable to handle satisfactorily. These include: 1. cases of multiple personality or dissociative identity disorder in which complex and overlapping centers of consciousness co-occur in single human organisms; 2. the failure of the intense phenomenology of psychedelic states to be straightforwardly reflected in accompanying neuroelectric activity; and, most critically; 3. the occurrence of profound and personally transformative near-death experiences (NDEs) under extreme physiological conditions such as cardiac arrest, in which IIT predicts that no conscious experience whatsoever should be possible. These empirical arguments show that IIT itself is untenable, and they apply also to its physicalist competitors. Scientifically and philosophically respectable alternatives, however, are available.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":242256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anomalous Experience and Cognition","volume":"176 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122913218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Poetic confluence 诗意的融合

Journal of Anomalous Experience and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-05-13 DOI: 10.31156/jaex.23818

Robin Wooffitt

{"title":"Poetic confluence","authors":"Robin Wooffitt","doi":"10.31156/jaex.23818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31156/jaex.23818","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is an exploratory sociological analysis of poetic confluence, a spontaneous telepathic phenomenon that occurs in everyday social interaction. In poetic confluence, one person’s talk exhibits an enigmatic relationship to another’s unstated thoughts or imagery at that moment. The analyses draw from an empirical approach called Conversation Analysis, a formal qualitative method for the analysis of naturally occurring interaction in everyday life. In Conversation Analysis, talk-in-interaction is analyzed as coordinated and sequentially organized action. The focus on the action orientation of talk informs this analysis, treating poetic confluence as a form of social action. The data are (unavoidably) anecdotal accounts of experiences. Although the techniques of Conversation Analysis cannot be applied to anecdotal reports, its methodological principles and substantive focus can inform a systematic analysis of anecdotal data. A case is made for the robustness of poetic confluence via analysis of recurrent properties found in examples from three corpora of candidate cases. The analysis identifies three interpersonal functions of poetic confluence: its role in restoring mutual attention; its affiliative, affective function; and its role as a mechanism for managing threats to social propriety, or keeping “face.” In the discussion, alternative skeptical explanations are assessed; the empirical approach is framed in terms of Cardeña’s (2019) observations on the metaphoric quality of some psi phenomena and Carpenter’s (2012) first sight theory, and some suggestions are offered for further research on social interaction and psi phenomena.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":242256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anomalous Experience and Cognition","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121978083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ethics of Belief in Paranormal Phenomena 超自然现象的信仰伦理

Journal of Anomalous Experience and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-05-13 DOI: 10.31156/jaex.23514

H. Irwin, Neil Dagnall, K. Drinkwater

引用次数: 0

Childhood Imaginary Companion and Schizotypy in Adolescents and Adults 青少年和成人的童年想象伴侣和精神分裂型

Journal of Anomalous Experience and Cognition Pub Date : 2022-05-13 DOI: 10.31156/jaex.23812

Tohid Zarei, A. Pourshahbaz, M. Poshtmashhadi

{"title":"Childhood Imaginary Companion and Schizotypy in Adolescents and Adults","authors":"Tohid Zarei, A. Pourshahbaz, M. Poshtmashhadi","doi":"10.31156/jaex.23812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31156/jaex.23812","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study evaluated the association of Childhood Imaginary Companion (CIC) status and schizotypy levels of adolescents and adults within the framework of the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). Method: The sample included 255 Iranian adolescents and adults, grouped according to their CIC status, who responded mostly via e-questionnaires on a website. Schizotypy dimensions were compared between these two groups. Two measures compatible with the HiTOP model were also evaluated both in relation to the short scale of the Oxford-Liverpool Inventory of Feelings and Experiences (sO-LIFE) schizotypy dimensions and the CIC status of participants; one scale used exclusively with adolescents (i.e., the Achenbach System of Empirically-Based Assessment-Youth Self-Report [ASEBA-YSR]), and another with adults (i.e., the NEO-Five Factor Inventory [NEO-FFI]). Results: Scores on the unusual experiences (UnEx) the impulsive nonconformity (ImpNon) dimensions, and the total score of the sO-LIFE were higher for the CIC group. For adolescents, the UnEx dimension and the Thought Problems subscale of the ASEBA-YSR correlated. Scores on three subscales of the ASEBA-YSR (i.e., Thought Problems, Obsessive-Compulsive Problems, and PTSD Problems) were significantly higher for the CIC group. For adults, the neuroticism domain of the NEO-FFI correlated strongly with total score of the sO-LIFE and the cognitive disorganization (CogDis) dimension. This domain of the NEO-FFI was the only one in which CIC adults scored higher than the NIC group. Conclusion: CIC in adolescents and adults is associated with a set of schizotypy dimensions in line with the concept of the “happy schizotype.”","PeriodicalId":242256,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anomalous Experience and Cognition","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129899249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0