International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
What is a retail brand - a systematic review of terms and definitions 什么是零售品牌——对术语和定义的系统回顾
International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management Pub Date : 2023-03-23 DOI: 10.1108/ijrdm-06-2022-0187
Shaoyuan Chen, Pengji Wang, J.R.G. Wood
{"title":"What is a retail brand - a systematic review of terms and definitions","authors":"Shaoyuan Chen, Pengji Wang, J.R.G. Wood","doi":"10.1108/ijrdm-06-2022-0187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-06-2022-0187","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeAlthough many scholars have acknowledged inconsistencies in the use of the retail brand term within the existing empirical literature, no one has conducted a systematic study to clarify the confusion of terms. Aiming at unifying the use of terms, this study aims to explore the terms that best express each retail brand concept, and discusses the definitions of proposed terms that can distinguish the connotation of different retail brand concepts.Design/methodology/approachThrough a systematic review, 463 articles were obtained, from which retail brand terms and their definitions were further extracted. Semantic analysis and content analysis were adopted to analyze terms and definitions, respectively.FindingsSemantically, the terms that best express four levels of retail brand concepts are own product brand, store brand, platform brand and retailer brand. Six key elements to distinguish different levels of a retail brand are identified through the content analysis of definitions, and on this basis, four proposed terms are defined.Originality/valueNoting that no study focuses on the conceptual confusion of retail brands in recent decades, the findings are expected to clarify the confusion of terms and unify the use of terms, hence facilitating the communication between scholars and the sharing of research results.","PeriodicalId":241946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management","volume":"253 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133323892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Importance and conditions of effectiveness of CSR communications in franchise networks 企业社会责任传播在特许经营网络中的重要性和有效性条件
International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management Pub Date : 2023-03-21 DOI: 10.1108/ijrdm-10-2022-0403
Hanene Oueslati, Saloua Bennaghmouch-Maire, Martine Deparis, Marie-Catherine Paquier
{"title":"Importance and conditions of effectiveness of CSR communications in franchise networks","authors":"Hanene Oueslati, Saloua Bennaghmouch-Maire, Martine Deparis, Marie-Catherine Paquier","doi":"10.1108/ijrdm-10-2022-0403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-10-2022-0403","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThe aim of this research work is to consider the relevance of corporate social responsibility (CSR)-related social media communication in franchise networks, with a focus on the perceptions and expectations of franchisors and franchisees and franchisors and franchisees' customers.Design/methodology/approachThree studies were conducted as part of this research: two qualitative studies with franchisors and franchisees in the first instance (N = 39) and franchisors and franchisees' customers in the second instance (N = 13), as well as an online ethnographic study of customer reactions (N = 871) to different CSR communications from the networks already interviewed.FindingsThe results show that CSR communication remains very important in a context characterised by a growing interest in CSR commitment in companies in general and in franchise networks in particular. However, different conditions of effectiveness of this CSR communication have been identified. The different conditions can avoid CSR's detrimental effects and increase CSR's credibility.Practical implicationsIn franchise networks, the task of communicating about CSR is complex. This requires the integration of franchisees, which are very important to CSR's success. CSR communication also requires integrating customers by studying their expectations at this level. This study gives the basic keys to the success of CSR communication in franchise networks, from the point of view of franchisors, franchisees and the customers of franchisors and franchisees.Originality/valueThis study focusses on a topic that has received very little attention, particularly in franchise networks. The various studies conducted allow us to better understand the particularities of CSR communication, particularly in the context of tripartite franchisor–franchisee–customer relations.","PeriodicalId":241946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116007051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Webrooming as the new retail experience: a smart-shopping perspective Webrooming作为新的零售体验:智能购物的视角
International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management Pub Date : 2023-03-16 DOI: 10.1108/ijrdm-09-2022-0352
ZiQiang Wu, Eugene Cheng-Xi Aw, Stephanie Hui-Wen Chuah
{"title":"Webrooming as the new retail experience: a smart-shopping perspective","authors":"ZiQiang Wu, Eugene Cheng-Xi Aw, Stephanie Hui-Wen Chuah","doi":"10.1108/ijrdm-09-2022-0352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-09-2022-0352","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeWebrooming (i.e. searching information online and making the final purchase in a physical store) has become a popular shopping practice, but remains insufficiently studied. To address this, a research framework encompassing online and offline channel attributes (i.e. online review diagnosticity, online search convenience, expected price loss, offline purchase effort and offline after-sales service convenience), consumer traits (i.e. anticipated regret) and shopping experience (i.e. smart-shopping perception) as determinants of webrooming continuance intention is proposed.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed model was validated by conducting a questionnaire-based survey that yielded 354 useable responses. The data was subjected to partial least squares structural equation modelling and importance-performance map analysis.FindingsAccording to the obtained results, online review diagnosticity, offline after-sales service convenience and anticipated regret are the vital antecedents of webrooming continuance intention, while smart-shopping perception acts as the mediator.Originality/valueThe current study adds significantly to the body of knowledge about webrooming by validating the inter-relationships between online review diagnosticity, after-sales service convenience, anticipated regret, smart-shopping perception and webrooming continuance intention.","PeriodicalId":241946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114447773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Addressing employee turnover in retail through CSR and transformational leadership 通过企业社会责任和变革型领导解决零售业员工流失问题
International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management Pub Date : 2023-03-16 DOI: 10.1108/ijrdm-07-2022-0237
Snehal Chandra, Piyali Ghosh, Saitab Sinha
{"title":"Addressing employee turnover in retail through CSR and transformational leadership","authors":"Snehal Chandra, Piyali Ghosh, Saitab Sinha","doi":"10.1108/ijrdm-07-2022-0237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-07-2022-0237","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeEmployee turnover, a reality that Indian retail organizations cannot ignore, is the central theme of this paper. The authors have aimed to empirically establish corporate social responsibility initiatives (CSRI) and transformational leadership (TL) as rather unconventional predictors that can potentially influence retail employees’ intention to stay (ITS) through sequential mediation by employer branding (EB) and organizational identification (OI).Design/methodology/approachData collected using a structured questionnaire from three hundred and five frontline employees working with twenty-nine Indian retail outlets in the Delhi-National Capital Region (NCR) region was tested using structural equation modelling.FindingsFindings confirmed the impact of both CSRI and TL on ITS, with sequential mediation by EB and OI. While OI partially mediated the effect of EB on ITS, TL exerted more influence than CSRI in enhancing EB.Originality/valueThis study enhances retail literature by empirically testing a unique fusion of organization and individual-level predictors that influence ITS as an individual-level outcome. Having TL and a firm corporate philosophy of CSR spending can enhance a retailer’s image as a preferred employer brand and generate OI to successfully address employee turnover","PeriodicalId":241946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124732139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Conviction and online purchase intention towards apparel in online environment 在线环境下对服装的信念和在线购买意愿
International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management Pub Date : 2023-03-14 DOI: 10.1108/ijrdm-12-2021-0615
S. Prasad, S. Prasad
{"title":"Conviction and online purchase intention towards apparel in online environment","authors":"S. Prasad, S. Prasad","doi":"10.1108/ijrdm-12-2021-0615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-12-2021-0615","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThe purpose of the research paper is to examine customers' online purchase intention towards apparel in the online environment, with a focus on the role of conviction and brand reputation of the e-retailer.Design/methodology/approachHypotheses are based on an extensive literature review and tested using adapted existing scales for the constructs-social media usage for apparel, electronic word of mouth (EWOM), conviction, apparel e-retailer's brand reputation and online purchase intention towards apparel, and data are collected from 362 online customers of apparel brands in eight major cities across the country. Structural equation modelling (SEM) is applied to analyze data and test hypotheses because of multiple dependent variables.FindingsThe quantitative results indicate that impact of social media and EWOM on online purchase intention towards apparel is mediated by conviction. The results also explain the moderating effect of apparel e-retailer's brand reputation.Originality/valueFindings provide suggestions for the apparel business in an online environment that address the issue of breach of trust and implications for apparel e-retailers, managers and researchers. The study contributes to the existing retail literature by proposing concept of conviction and role of apparel e-retailer's brand reputation in this context.","PeriodicalId":241946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124961676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The impact of e-retail usage on relative retail patronage formation 电子零售使用对相对零售惠顾形成的影响
International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management Pub Date : 2023-03-13 DOI: 10.1108/ijrdm-04-2022-0142
Narimasa Yokoyama, Nobukazu Azuma, Woonho Kim
{"title":"The impact of e-retail usage on relative retail patronage formation","authors":"Narimasa Yokoyama, Nobukazu Azuma, Woonho Kim","doi":"10.1108/ijrdm-04-2022-0142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-04-2022-0142","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeDespite retail digitisation and research efforts focussed on online and omnichannel shopping, there is insufficient knowledge regarding retail patronage formation in the grocery category, where in-store sales dominate. This study analyses the retail patronage formation in grocery in-store fill-in shopping.Design/methodology/approachThe authors designed a questionnaire to measure retail patronage behaviour, consumer satisfaction (CS), store attributes evaluation and e-retail usage. Then, the authors analysed the path structure for retail patronage behaviour formation using structural equation modelling. Additionally, they performed a mediation analysis using the bootstrap method and a moderation analysis based on a chi-square difference test.FindingsThis study provides three main findings. First, the authors' model has two ways to increase Share-of-Wallet (SOW). One is to increase Share-of-Visits (SOV) and another is to increase CS amongst non-users of e-retailing. Second, the results of the moderation analysis suggest the influence of customers' use or non-use of e-retailing on SOW formation. Third, service evaluation plays an interesting role in the overall model: the lower the assessment of service, the higher the SOV; the higher the evaluation of service, the greater the CS; the greater the CS, the higher the SOV.Originality/valueThe authors proposed the framework for the relative retail patronage formation in grocery fill-in shopping to examine the relationship between two relative patronage indicators (SOW and SOV) in the path structure and the mediating effect of CS and the moderating effect of e-retailing usage on retail patronage formation.","PeriodicalId":241946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121265886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Engaging the customer with augmented reality and employee services to enhance equity and loyalty 通过增强现实和员工服务吸引客户,以提高公平和忠诚度
International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management Pub Date : 2023-03-07 DOI: 10.1108/ijrdm-04-2021-0165
A. Butt, Hassan Ahmad, Fayaz Ali, Asif Muzaffar, Muhammad Noman Shafique
{"title":"Engaging the customer with augmented reality and employee services to enhance equity and loyalty","authors":"A. Butt, Hassan Ahmad, Fayaz Ali, Asif Muzaffar, Muhammad Noman Shafique","doi":"10.1108/ijrdm-04-2021-0165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-04-2021-0165","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThis study aims to understand customer equity and loyalty using augmented reality (AR) and employee services in a physical retail environment. The current study investigated how customers’ experiences with AR-based and employee service affect their satisfaction, equity and loyalty.Design/methodology/approachA conceptual framework was developed by reviewing AR and employee services literature. The Smart PLS-SEM technique was used to test the responses of 620 Chinese respondents empirically.FindingsThe findings provided valuable insights into AR and employee services in a physical retail environment. Customers are more inclined to use AR services in the current business climate.Research limitations/implicationsThis study’s sample was drawn from a single city, with a total of 620 respondents, which may not be a complete representation of China as a whole. As a result, the results may not be generalizable to a single city.Practical implicationsRetail brand managers should emphasize implementing innovative technologies in the physical retail environment to retain and attract customers. Pandemic consumers are opting for innovative technologies as part of their shopping experience due to changes in business models.Originality/valueThe researchers recognized AR and employee services as innovative domains in physical retail stores because they can increase sales, customer equity and loyalty. As a result, the framework results are precious to practitioners interested in implementing such innovative technologies for retail stores.","PeriodicalId":241946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128969224","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
How do cultural factors affect loyalty behaviour in retailing? The central role of social proximity 文化因素如何影响零售业的忠诚行为?社会接近的核心作用
International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management Pub Date : 2023-03-02 DOI: 10.1108/ijrdm-09-2022-0314
Alisara Rungnontarat Charinsarn, M. F. Diallo, Christine Lambey-Checchin
{"title":"How do cultural factors affect loyalty behaviour in retailing? The central role of social proximity","authors":"Alisara Rungnontarat Charinsarn, M. F. Diallo, Christine Lambey-Checchin","doi":"10.1108/ijrdm-09-2022-0314","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-09-2022-0314","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeRetail store loyalty is essential to the survival and success of a retailer. The intangible benefits provided by the social exchange in-store influence the way consumers consider their relationships with the retailer. However, its relationships with social proximity and cultural factors are not clear. Therefore, this article investigates the effects of specific cultural dimensions on loyalty behaviour, as well as the mediating role of social proximity on the relationship investigated.Design/methodology/approachThis research is based on an empirical investigation undertaken in Thailand with a sample of 636 respondents. Two retail chains were investigated (Big C and Tesco). Structural equation modelling was used to test the research model and a series of research hypotheses.FindingsThe results reveal that uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation have positive direct effects on loyalty, while collectivism does not. Furthermore, social proximity significantly mediates the effects of collectivism and long-term orientation on customer loyalty. These findings show that Thailand is a specific emerging market in which retail chains should adapt their loyalty programme accordingly.Practical implicationsThe cultural differences could be used for segmentation strategy for retailers to engage customers in a relationship with the hypermarket. Social proximity is an efficient lever to build loyalty in Thailand. In addition, retailers could utilise certainty and steadiness message as a way to build shopper loyalty.Originality/valueThis research underlines the social, human dimension that consumers seek, which is opposed to the online purchase. Specifically, this study highlights the mediating role of social proximity between the relationship of cultural variables and loyalty in the retail context. Additionally, this research displays the direct and positive effects of culture on retail loyalty. That is, this paper enhances how culture and shopper-retail staff interaction can be managed to achieve store loyalty.","PeriodicalId":241946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125868873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Technology: a strategic imperative for successful retailers 技术:成功零售商的战略要求
International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.1108/ijrdm-03-2022-0088
Myriam Quinones, Mónica Gómez-Suárez, Ignacio Cruz-Roche, Ana M. Díaz-Martín
{"title":"Technology: a strategic imperative for successful retailers","authors":"Myriam Quinones, Mónica Gómez-Suárez, Ignacio Cruz-Roche, Ana M. Díaz-Martín","doi":"10.1108/ijrdm-03-2022-0088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-03-2022-0088","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeIn the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic, technology is rewriting the way consumers shop as well as the retail operating models. In this context, investment in new technologies is a strategic imperative for retailers striving to remain relevant and profitable. Using Kahn's Retail Success Matrix as the conceptual framework, the aim of the study is to propose a classification of emerging technologies based on their potential for sustaining retailers' competitive strategies.Design/methodology/approachFollowing an initial qualitative study based on in-depth interviews and focus groups with 20 retail managers, the authors collected survey data from a sample of 168 retail and technology professionals. To achieve the research objectives, content, descriptive and multiple correspondence factor analyses were carried out.FindingsThe data analyses result on a map that plots the technological solutions that retail experts identify as enablers of four key competitive strategies: product superiority, enhanced customer experience, frictionless shopping experience and operational excellence.Practical implicationsThis research work provides valuable insight into how retail companies can capitalise on technology to create or reinforce their competitive positioning. The framework acts as a guide for retail companies to assess their technology priorities.Originality/valueThis exploratory empirical study is the result of a collaboration between academic researchers and retail professionals. Thus, it addresses challenges experienced by key stakeholders. The encompassing classification enables a better understanding of the impact of technology on retailers' competitive positioning.","PeriodicalId":241946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122395522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Hygiene theater: an important risk reduction signal for the future of retailing 卫生影院:未来零售业降低风险的重要信号
International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.1108/ijrdm-10-2022-0421
Megan Phillips, J. Vredenburg
{"title":"Hygiene theater: an important risk reduction signal for the future of retailing","authors":"Megan Phillips, J. Vredenburg","doi":"10.1108/ijrdm-10-2022-0421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-10-2022-0421","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeHygiene theater is a new phenomenon that has emerged from the ongoing Coronavirus (Covid-19) global pandemic. The authors propose and test the concept of hygiene theater – comprised of purposeful and visible dynamic performance and static staging cues – on customers' approach-avoidance intentions in the retail environment. The authors explore the underlying process and show when environmental conditions such as human crowding dilute the positive effects of hygiene theater.Design/methodology/approachAcross three experiments, participants evaluated a video or scenario related to a shopping experience in a retail store. Sequential mediation and moderated sequential mediation using PROCESS were performed.FindingsThe results show a positive and direct effect of hygiene visibility on approach responses, due to a reduction in perceived risk and increased psychological comfort. This positive effect is diluted when crowding in the retail environment is high.Originality/valueAs society adapts to a new normal, this study offers contributions to improve theoretical knowledge of the impact of hygiene theater on customer approach responses, helping retailers to develop and implement health and safety policies, better equipping them to manage similar situations going forward. The authors provide insights for academics and practitioners alike.","PeriodicalId":241946,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management","volume":"3 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134299176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:604180095
Book学术官方微信