{"title":"The Role of Rural Producer Organizations for Agricultural Service Provision in Fragile States","authors":"C. Ragasa, J. Golan","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2197459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2197459","url":null,"abstract":"This article assesses the extent of external linkages and the provision of agricultural services by rural producer organizations in a post-conflict setting. Using new survey data collected by the International Food Policy Research Institute in three provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, this study finds that various internal and external factors affect the capacity of organizations to interact with external organizations. External linkages, ability to collect financial support from their members, management capacity, and formal governance structures all contribute to explaining relative performance in agricultural service delivery. We also find that exogenous events affect the relative performance of rural producer organizations. Our results suggest that closeness to conflict reduces the capacity of producer organizations to provide agricultural services.","PeriodicalId":241681,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Organizations & Markets: Firms & Other Social Institutions (Topic)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127721616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Role of Domestic Institutions and Market Pressures as Drivers of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): An Examination of Company Initiatives in Denmark and the UK","authors":"J. Knudsen, Dana L. Brown","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2154856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2154856","url":null,"abstract":"In recent research, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives by companies with a home base in different countries have been explained in terms of their relation to national institutions or business systems. This set of explanations sees CSR as fitting in with domestic institutional structures as either 'substituting' or 'mirroring' national models of capitalism. An alternative set of explanations views company CSR programs as determined by market pressures. We examine the role of domestic institutions and market pressure as drivers of CSR through an evaluation of the content of company CSR initiatives as revealed in their external reporting. We conduct case studies of two large British companies (Glaxo Smith Kline and Barclays) as well as two large Danish companies (Novo Nordisk and Danske Bank). We find that market pressures more so than domestic institutions determine the content of company CSR programs.","PeriodicalId":241681,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Organizations & Markets: Firms & Other Social Institutions (Topic)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114121465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"KLD 400 Index Inclusion and Corporate Bonds","authors":"L. Baran, Xinde Zhang","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2130037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2130037","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the relationship between the cost of public bonds and corporate social responsibility. We use firms added to the KLD 400 Index, a stock index of corporate social responsibility, and find that these firms have a significantly higher yield spread following inclusion to the index. This relationship remains constant even after controlling for the joint determination of yield spread, covenant structure, and debt maturity. We conclude that after firms are recognized as leaders in corporate social responsibility, they pay a higher yield to issue public debt.","PeriodicalId":241681,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Organizations & Markets: Firms & Other Social Institutions (Topic)","volume":"252 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116235384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sustainability Disclosures and Cost of Capital","authors":"A. C. Ng, Z. Rezaee","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2038654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2038654","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the effect of sustainability performance disclosures on corporate cost of capital. We find that both cost of debt and cost of equity are lower for firms that disclose sustainability performance information, when compared to firms that do not disclosure similar information. We also explore the differential effect of sustainability performance disclosures on both cost of debt and equity and find that the effect is stronger for cost of equity. For corporations that disclose sustainability information, effects with respect to economic, governance, social, ethics and environmental sustainability performance are examined individually. Results show that sustainability disclosures pertaining to the economic, ethics and environment performance unambiguously lower both cost of debt and equity. Furthermore, disclosures regarding social and governance performance only lower cost of debt. Results have policy, practical and education implications by underscoring the value-relevance of currently voluntary sustainability reporting and assurance and a possible move toward improved standardized sustainability disclosures.","PeriodicalId":241681,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Organizations & Markets: Firms & Other Social Institutions (Topic)","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123899387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Leveraging Environment and Climate Change Initiatives for Corporate Excellence","authors":"V. Anbumozhi, Mari Kimura, Kumiko Isono","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1975626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1975626","url":null,"abstract":"This paper reviews selected initiatives taken by Asian countries to comply with emerging global sustainability standards, reporting, and management systems, and tracks the response of Asian businesses to global environmental concerns, examines market based innovations including new regulations that augmented corporate excellence, and identifies future directions for business that lead low carbon society. It recommends governments and business to join forces in supporting low carbon initiatives, drawing upon market mechanisms through reconfiguring national environmental policies and strategies.","PeriodicalId":241681,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Organizations & Markets: Firms & Other Social Institutions (Topic)","volume":"116 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129087413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Financing Capabilities and Sustainability Strategy of Global Corporations: Implications for Sustainability-Corporate Performance Relationship","authors":"Radiah Othman, Rashid Ameer","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1839008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1839008","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to answer an important question, that being: is the sustainability-corporate performance relationship contingent upon the access to and use of financial capabilities? This paper uses a sample of Top 100 Sustainable global corporations. We derived a distinction between product-led and process-led sustainability approaches of the global corporations. Our empirical findings show that financing choice matter for sustainable development, and that the sustainability-corporate performance relationship is contingent upon the use of financial resources. Our work brings to forefront the importance of using a categorization of sustainable strategy using R&D and capital expenditures data. Furthermore, it also suggests a classification of companies (conservative vs. aggressive) based on the financing surplus (deficit) to highlight their impact on the corporate performance. For corporations considering the setting strategies for sustainable development, our findings emphasize the importance of financial capabilities and internal factors in creating an environment that sends a clear message of change. Organizations must evaluate their own progress on the path to sustainability in terms of the protection of the environment and the advancement of those communities in which they operate.","PeriodicalId":241681,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Organizations & Markets: Firms & Other Social Institutions (Topic)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128092045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Paradox of Globalization: Nation States and the Rise of Supra-National Corporations","authors":"Vatsalya Srivastava","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1809919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1809919","url":null,"abstract":"Globalization is understood to imply increased inter-national interactions. However, by enabling the birth and growth of supra-national entities it might undermine the necessity and importance of nation states, which are axiomatically the essence of any inter-national interactions. The attempt in this study is to evaluate the affect of globalization and the rise of supranational corporations on the pre-eminence of nation states as the highest level of aggregation of society.","PeriodicalId":241681,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Organizations & Markets: Firms & Other Social Institutions (Topic)","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130518208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"To What Extent Defining a Group Predicates on Defining Other Groups?","authors":"Y. Chiu, Weifeng Zhong","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1862504","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1862504","url":null,"abstract":"We present a framework of group cooperation and competition in which agents are concerned not only about their material payoffs but also about their psychological payoffs, derived from working with others per se. In such a framework, a group's psychological preferences serve to enhance the group's material payoffs. We show that a small group has strong incentives to engage in outward-looking identity strengthening, such as stereotyping or airing grievances against a specific, large outgroup, and a large group has strong incentives to engage in inward-looking identity strengthening, such as self-stereotyping, glorifying its own history, etc..","PeriodicalId":241681,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Organizations & Markets: Firms & Other Social Institutions (Topic)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122446310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New York Stock Exchange Listing Standards and Corporate Social Responsibility","authors":"Celia Taylor","doi":"10.54648/eucl2011019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54648/eucl2011019","url":null,"abstract":"Rules and regulations governing the disclosure of corporate social responsibility policies and practices in the US lag behind that of other countries. While countries such as Sweden, France, the UK and others have mandated the disclosure of corporate social responsibility data, efforts in the US are piecemeal and incomplete. To the extent that any CSR disclosure is required, it is often difficult to discern, assemble and interpret. While many companies formed or operating in the US follow solid CSR practices, in the main they do so voluntarily as there are few, if any, rules that affirmatively require firms to make disclosures of non-financial social and environmental information. The limited attention paid to CSR under US law means that foreign companies seeking access to US markets generally will not face serious impediments in terms of regulations regarding CSR. This short work briefly describes the listing standards of the New York Stock Exchange-Euronext (\"NYSE\") to determine the impact of those standards on CSR disclosure applicable to foreign private issuers (\"FPIs\"). It is not a comprehensive review of all of the NYSE listing standard. It demonstrates that NYSE listing standards permit but do not require that companies follow any particular CSR practices or policies. Thus, FPIs that wish to list on the NYSE need not make any significant CSR disclosure although they are permitted to do so if they wish. The author is a member of the project team of the Sustainable Companies project at the Faculty of Law, University of Oslo.","PeriodicalId":241681,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Organizations & Markets: Firms & Other Social Institutions (Topic)","volume":"198 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115837826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Delegation and Firms’ Ability to Collude: A Comment","authors":"M. A. Han","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1742738","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1742738","url":null,"abstract":"Lambertini and Trombetta (2002) extend Vickers’ (1985) Cournot model of strategic delegation to an infinitely repeated setting and conclude that delegation does not affect cartel stability if managers collude. This result rests on the assumption that managers are rational, but owners are not. This note shows that if owners behave fully rational, then delegation improves cartel stability if managers collude.","PeriodicalId":241681,"journal":{"name":"ERN: Other Organizations & Markets: Firms & Other Social Institutions (Topic)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128072500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}