Zoological Science最新文献_第2页

Convergent Gene Duplication in Arctic and Antarctic Teleost Fishes.

IF 0.9 4区生物学

Zoological Science Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.2108/zs240098

Tomoya Nishiguchi, Asano Ishikawa

引用次数: 0

Pulmonary Structure and Function in Marine Snakes.

IF 0.9 4区生物学

Zoological Science Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.2108/zs240055

Harvey B Lillywhite

{"title":"Pulmonary Structure and Function in Marine Snakes.","authors":"Harvey B Lillywhite","doi":"10.2108/zs240055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2108/zs240055","url":null,"abstract":"The lung of marine snakes varies in structure and function related to diversity of phylogeny, behavior, and environment. All species are secondarily marine and retain dependence on aerial breathing, although some also exchange gases across the skin. Generally, there is an elongated functional right lung, and the left lung is vestigial or absent. Respiratory gases are exchanged in the 'vascular lung' segment, which may include the trachea, whereas the more distal 'saccular lung' has a poorly vascularized muscular wall, terminates blindly, and facilitates storage of oxygen. In terrestrial scansorial species of snakes, the vascularized segment of the lung is relatively short to prevent gravity-induced edema when the body is vertical or upright. In contrast, the vascular lung in marine snakes is relatively long. In the file snake Acrochordus granulatus, an exceptionally elongated vascular lung is shown to maximize oxygen storage when the snake is submerged at neutral buoyancy in shallow-water habitats. In deeper diving sea snakes, the entire lung is shorter, and the saccular segment functions to store oxygen. Movement of air within the lung is possible by means of body movements, but such behavior in naturally diving snakes is not well understood. Marine snakes avoid decompression sickness (the bends) by 'metering' the transfer of nitrogen from lung to seawater by varying pulmonary bypass of blood flow via intraventricular shunts and simultaneously varying blood flow to the skin. These complex cardiovascular actions are also influenced by the need of metabolizing tissues for oxygen uptake from lung stores or ambient water.","PeriodicalId":24040,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Science","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Temperature Acclimation and Cold Tolerance in Caenorhabditis Elegans are Regulated by Multiorgan Coordination. 鹅口疮绦虫的温度适应性和耐寒性受多器官协调调控

IF 0.9 4区生物学

Zoological Science Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.2108/zs240029

Akane Ohta, Chinatsu Morimoto, Seiya Kamino, Moe Tezuka

{"title":"Temperature Acclimation and Cold Tolerance in Caenorhabditis Elegans are Regulated by Multiorgan Coordination.","authors":"Akane Ohta, Chinatsu Morimoto, Seiya Kamino, Moe Tezuka","doi":"10.2108/zs240029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2108/zs240029","url":null,"abstract":"To ensure survival and reproduction, organisms must continually adapt to environmental fluctuations, such as temperature, humidity, oxygen level, and salinity. Particularly, temperature profoundly influences biochemical reactions crucial for survival. Here, we present the mechanisms employed by the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to anticipate and respond to cold temperatures. Our findings reveal that temperature is detected by specific neurons linked to various physiological processes in the gut, spermatheca, and muscles. Notably, the gut, a primary fat storage organ in C. elegans, regulates fat mobilization and accumulation in a temperature-dependent manner, thereby contributing to temperature adaptation. Furthermore, normal spermatogenetic mechanisms influence cold tolerance by modulating the responsiveness of thermosensory neurons to temperature changes. Considering our results together with recent reports, we suggest that a polyU-specific endoribonuclease expressed in muscle cells plays a role in cold tolerance through a non-cell-autonomous mechanism, possibly involving transportation intertissues. Thus, understanding cold tolerance and temperature acclimation in C. elegans can provide valuable insights on systemic physiological regulation in response to temperature fluctuations. Moreover, they could help elucidate the actions of thermosensory neurons and their downstream neuronal circuits or neuropeptides on the peripheral organs.","PeriodicalId":24040,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Science","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Physiology of Overwintering in a Microhabitat Fully Exposed to Adverse Weather Conditions: Lime Seed Bugs on Tree Trunks and Branches.

IF 0.9 4区生物学

Zoological Science Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.2108/zs240064

Jan Rozsypal, Martin Moos, Petr Vodrážka, Oldřich Nedvěd, Vladimír Košťál

{"title":"Physiology of Overwintering in a Microhabitat Fully Exposed to Adverse Weather Conditions: Lime Seed Bugs on Tree Trunks and Branches.","authors":"Jan Rozsypal, Martin Moos, Petr Vodrážka, Oldřich Nedvěd, Vladimír Košťál","doi":"10.2108/zs240064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2108/zs240064","url":null,"abstract":"The present study investigates the physiological aspects of overwintering in an exposed microhabitat in the lime seed bug, Oxycarenus lavaterae. We found that the overwintering lime seed bugs do not survive freezing of their body fluids, but instead rely on supercooling (freeze avoidance). The seasonal modulation of the supercooling capacity was very limited, with the midwinter mean supercooling point reaching -15.5°C, but the individual variability was very high (- 6°C to - 22°C). Most of the other physiological parameters of overwintering lime seed bugs (utilization of energy substrates, changes in hydration, and metabolite composition [although metabolite levels were low]) were consistent with the general knowledge gathered for other freeze-avoiding insects. A significant exception was found in the amount of osmotically active water (\"freezable\" water), which constituted up to 95% of the lime seed bug body water. Such a proportion is unusually high, as it typically ranges from 59% to 86% in other insects and invertebrates. At present, we have no plausible explanation for this anomaly or its possible relationship to the lime seed bug's overwintering microhabitat.","PeriodicalId":24040,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Science","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

It Pays to Sit Tight: Stable Night-Time Incubation Increases Hatching Success in Urban and Forest Great Tits, Parus major.

IF 0.9 4区生物学

Zoological Science Pub Date : 2025-02-01 DOI: 10.2108/zs240063

Pablo Capilla-Lasheras, Robyn J Womack, Ciara L O McGlade, Claire J Branston, Davide M Dominoni, Barbara Helm

{"title":"It Pays to Sit Tight: Stable Night-Time Incubation Increases Hatching Success in Urban and Forest Great Tits, Parus major.","authors":"Pablo Capilla-Lasheras, Robyn J Womack, Ciara L O McGlade, Claire J Branston, Davide M Dominoni, Barbara Helm","doi":"10.2108/zs240063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2108/zs240063","url":null,"abstract":"Animals organize their time so that their behaviors do not conflict with each other and align well with environmental conditions. In species with parental care, adults must also accommodate offspring needs into their temporal allocation of resources and activities. Avian parents face harsh constraints on their time budget during incubation, when they must sustain themselves but also transfer heat to eggs. During day-time, their shuttling between incubating and foraging is well studied. At night, birds usually rest on the nest and provide stable incubation. However, the stability of night rest depends on parental physiology and environmental conditions, and its patterns and consequences are poorly understood. We propose that stable parental night rest enhances the chances of embryos to hatch and might shorten incubation time, but that, in an urbanizing world, night rest may be compromised. We recorded nocturnal incubation restlessness, defined as variation in nest temperature, by placing thermal loggers into nest boxes of urban (25 clutches) and forest (70 clutches) great tits, where only females incubate. We found that with increasing nocturnal restlessness, hatching success dropped by ca. 60% per unit of increase in incubation restlessness in both habitats, despite higher hatching success in the forest. One putative driver of unstable incubation was artificial light at night, which for urban nest boxes was associated with increased nocturnal restlessness. Restlessness did not affect time to hatching. We conclude that sitting tight at night provides fitness pay-offs for incubating birds, but is influenced by environmental conditions, including those shaped by human activities.","PeriodicalId":24040,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Science","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143392004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Latitudinal Variation in Growth Rate Caused by the Differences in the Length of the Period Suitable for Larval Growth in the Japanese Black Salamander, Hynobius nigrescens. 日本黑蝾螈（Hynobius nigrescens）幼虫生长适宜期长短差异引起的生长速率的纬度变化。

IF 0.9 4区生物学

Zoological Science Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.2108/zs240048

Ryota Morii, Shona Yasuda, Keiryu Hirota, Hiroshi Ikeda

{"title":"A Latitudinal Variation in Growth Rate Caused by the Differences in the Length of the Period Suitable for Larval Growth in the Japanese Black Salamander, Hynobius nigrescens.","authors":"Ryota Morii, Shona Yasuda, Keiryu Hirota, Hiroshi Ikeda","doi":"10.2108/zs240048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2108/zs240048","url":null,"abstract":"In ectotherms, body size differences between latitudes resulting from shorter activity periods at higher latitudes may disappear due to higher growth rates. Although such latitudinal variations have been examined for various taxa, only a few studies have examined such variations in Japanese vertebrates. Hynobius nigrescens is widely distributed in the northern part of Honshu, Japan, and although their larval period in the wild is shorter at high latitudes, there is no latitudinal variation in the body size of juveniles in the wild. Therefore, larvae may grow faster at high latitudes, and they can grow into juveniles with body sizes similar to those at low latitudes. To examine whether the growth rate of larvae is faster at high latitudes, we reared groups at 15°C and 20°C. We found that the larval period was shorter and the growth rate was greater at high latitudes. Next, we examined whether the body sizes of reared individuals differed between latitudes. We found that the body sizes of metamorphosed juveniles were smaller at high latitudes. Some ectotherms are known to feed more at high latitudes, leading to the disappearance of latitudinal differences in body size between latitudes. In this study, we provided the same amount of food regardless of latitude, which might have caused the differences in body size between latitudes. Our study suggested that the high growth rate at relatively high latitudes can compensate for the short activity period, leading to similar body sizes of juveniles among latitudes.","PeriodicalId":24040,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Science","volume":"41 6","pages":"522-528"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CRISPR/Cas9- and Single-Stranded ODN-Mediated Knock-In in Silkworm Bombyx mori. 家蚕CRISPR/Cas9和单链odn介导的敲入

IF 0.9 4区生物学

Zoological Science Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.2108/zs240019

Masami Nakata, Masumi Ueno, Yusuke Kikuchi, Masafumi Iwami, Seika Takayanagi-Kiya, Taketoshi Kiya

{"title":"CRISPR/Cas9- and Single-Stranded ODN-Mediated Knock-In in Silkworm Bombyx mori.","authors":"Masami Nakata, Masumi Ueno, Yusuke Kikuchi, Masafumi Iwami, Seika Takayanagi-Kiya, Taketoshi Kiya","doi":"10.2108/zs240019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2108/zs240019","url":null,"abstract":"Although genome editing techniques have made significant progress, introducing exogenous genes into the genome through knock-in remains a challenge in many organisms. In silkworm Bombyx mori, TALEN-mediated knock-in methods have been established. However, difficulties in construction and limitations of the target sequence have hindered the application of these methods. In the present study, we verified several CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in methods to expand the application of gene knock-in techniques and found that the short single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide (ssODN)-mediated method is the most effective in silkworms. Using ssODN-mediated methods, we established knock-in silkworm strains that harbor an attP sequence, a 50 bp phiC31 integrase recognition site, at either the BmHr38 (Hormone receptor 38) or Bmdsx (doublesex) locus. Additionally, we found that the long ssODN (lsODN)-mediated method successfully introduced the GAL4 gene at the doublesex locus in embryos. The present study provides valuable information on CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knock-in methods in silkworms, expanding the utility of genome editing techniques in insects and paving the way for analyzing gene and genome function in silkworms.","PeriodicalId":24040,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Science","volume":"41 6","pages":"540-547"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ascidian Larvae Discriminate Nano-Scale Difference in Surface Structures During Substrate Selection for Settlement. 海鞘幼虫在选择沉降基质过程中对表面结构的纳米级差异进行区分。

IF 0.9 4区生物学

Zoological Science Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.2108/zs240066

Daisuke Sakai, Noburu Sensui, Euichi Hirose

{"title":"Ascidian Larvae Discriminate Nano-Scale Difference in Surface Structures During Substrate Selection for Settlement.","authors":"Daisuke Sakai, Noburu Sensui, Euichi Hirose","doi":"10.2108/zs240066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2108/zs240066","url":null,"abstract":"Planktonic larvae of sessile metazoans select substrates for settlement based on various factors. Phallusia philippinensis larvae (Ascidiacea: Phlebobranchia: Ascidiidae) showed a negative preference for nano-scale nipple arrays (dense arrays of papillae-like nanostructures approximately 100 nm in height). To clarify whether ascidian larvae discriminate between nano-structure sizes for substrate selection, three different sizes of periodic nano-folds were fabricated using two-beam interference exposure, and substrate selection assays were performed on the three types of nano-folds and flat surfaces made of the same material. The substrate selection assay with 500-2000 freshly hatched larvae was carried out in nine replicates. The ascidian larvae showed a positive preference for flat surfaces and a negative preference for substrates with a height of 120 nm and pitch of 600 nm. Manly's selection indices differed with the size of the periodic nano-folds, supporting the hypothesis that larvae directly or indirectly discriminate between nano-scale differences upon settlement. The present study is the first to show that differences in nanostructure size affect substrate selection during larval settlement of sessile animals. The evolutionary adaptive reasons for larvae to discriminate between nano-scale structures and select substrates for settlement are potentially important to effectively manage ascidian biofouling using non-toxic methods.","PeriodicalId":24040,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Science","volume":"41 6","pages":"564-569"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Colonial Entoproct Epibiotic on a Sea Spider. 海蜘蛛的殖民内源性外生菌。

IF 0.9 4区生物学

Zoological Science Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.2108/zs240070

Keiichi Kakui, Shogo Sekiguchi

引用次数: 0

Electromyography of Flight Muscles in Free-Flying Chestnut Tiger Butterfly, Parantica sita. 自由飞行栗虎蝶飞行肌肉的肌电图。

IF 0.9 4区生物学

Zoological Science Pub Date : 2024-12-01 DOI: 10.2108/zs240039

Noriyasu Ando, Norio Hirai, Makoto Iima, Kei Senda

{"title":"Electromyography of Flight Muscles in Free-Flying Chestnut Tiger Butterfly, Parantica sita.","authors":"Noriyasu Ando, Norio Hirai, Makoto Iima, Kei Senda","doi":"10.2108/zs240039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2108/zs240039","url":null,"abstract":"The chestnut tiger butterfly, Parantica sita, can undertake long-distance migrations. They flap their wings for power flight and hold the wings for gliding; such repertoires of wing movements may be the key to explaining their excellent flight abilities. Measuring flight muscle activity using the electromyogram (EMG) is the first step toward understanding the neuromuscular mechanism of active flight control. Free-flight EMG measurements have, however, not been reported in butterflies. This study developed a method to acquire two-channel EMGs from free-flying P. sita. Stable EMG recordings were acquired using a monopolar electrode by attaching a small pre-amplifier to the dorsal mesonotum. The common-mode noise between channels was resolved by inserting a reference electrode into the mesonotum midline. The EMGs of five flight muscles were measured during free-flight and their activation phases were analyzed. The EMGs of all five muscles demonstrated a burst of spikes per stroke cycle, in contrast to the few spikes per cycle in the EMGs of hawkmoths, which would reflect the differences in wing kinematics and flight abilities. Further analyses, combining the technique developed in this study with high-speed videography, will clarify the neuromuscular mechanisms underlying the flight ability of P. sita.","PeriodicalId":24040,"journal":{"name":"Zoological Science","volume":"41 6","pages":"557-563"},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142787338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0